Abstract: The crystalline silicophosphoaluminate designated MCM-10 catalyzes various processes for modifying organic compounds, particularly the cracking of hydrocarbons and the conversion of alcohols and ethers to olefins.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting a feed, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating one or more catalyst precursors under oxygen-free conditions in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. C. The catalyst precursors will be one or more compounds of the formula (ML)(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y S.sub.4) wherein M comprises one or more divalent promoter metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Zn, Cu and mixtures thereof, wherein y is any value ranging from 0 to 1 and wherein L is one or more neutral, nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating, polydentate ligand.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus are disclosed for hydrodewaxing hydrocarbon feedstock, such as heavy distillate or residual feed. The feedstock is hydrodewaxed in a first step. The resulting first effluent is separated to form a first vapor stream containing olefinic products and a first liquid stream, with a pour point of about 30.degree. to about 100.degree. F. The first liquid stream is then introduced into a second catalytic reaction, where the first liquid stream is hydrodewaxed to a specification pour point less than about 30.degree. F. The method and apparatus may also comprise routing primary products of hydrodewaxing, which contain olefins, as they are removed from the dewaxed first effluent, through an MOGDL unit to convert the olefins to additional high quality lubes. Improvements are due to removal of primary by-products containing olefins which inhibit dewaxing and accelerate catalyst aging and may cause reactor upsets. The addition of the MOGDL unit increases lube yields.

Abstract: A waxy hydrocarbon feedstock is converted into a high quality lube oil stock of reduced pour point by hydrodewaxing the feedstock in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a hydrodewaxing catalyst under conditions such that the pour point of the feedstock is reduced by selectively converting waxy paraffins into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. At least a portion of the effluent from the hydrodewaxing zone is then passed to a hydrocracking zone where it is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst under conditions such that a further reduction in pour point is effected and the overall conversion of components boiling above about 650.degree. F. to components boiling at or below about 650.degree. F. in the hydrodewaxing and hydrocracking steps combined is no more than about 20 percent by volume, preferably no more than about 10 percent by volume.

Abstract: An upgrading process for paraffinic naphthas subjects a full range naphtha to hydrocracking over a zeolite beta hydrocracking catalyst to effect a selective, partial hydrocracking in which the higher molecular weight n-paraffinic components of the naphtha are hydrocracked preferentially to the lower molecular weight components with concurrent isomerization of n-paraffins to isoparaffins, to form a hydrocracked effluent which comprises isobutane, C.sub.5 to C.sub.7 paraffins and relatively higher boiling naphthenes and paraffins. The hydrocracked effluent is split to remove the isobutane and the C.sub.5 and C.sub.7 paraffins with the balance of the higher boiling components being used as a reformer feed. Removal of the C.sub.5 and C.sub.7 paraffins permits improved reformer operation with the production of a higher octane product. The isomerization of the paraffins which occurs in the hydrocracking step provides a C.sub.5 to C.sub.

Abstract: Dewaxing a waxy feedstock is achieved by dispersing dewaxing catalyst particles within the liquid waxy feedstock and removing gaseous products out of contact with the catalyst by purging a gas stream through the liquid feedstock.

Abstract: A sulfur sorbent for use in reducing the emissions of sulfur oxides from regenerators of cyclic catalytic cracking units comprises a rare earth component or mixture of rare earth components in combination with a porous, inorganic refractory oxide component. The rare earth components used as a portion of the sorbent are preferably derived from the mineral bastnaesite by treating the bastnaesite to remove at least 50 weight percent of its fluorine, calculated as the element. The activity of the sulfur sorbent for removing sulfur oxides during catalytic cracking processes is increased to unexpectedly high levels by including in the composition cobalt or other transition metal component comprising an element selected from Group IB, Group IIB, Group IVA, Group VA, Group VIA, Group VIIA, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, including a first metal and at least two different second metals having valences higher than the valence of the first metal, one of the second metals being aluminum and the other of the second metals being trivalent and selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, vanadium, manganese, gallium, boron, cobalt and mixtures thereof; thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides exiting the catalyst regeneration zone.Improved hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved hydrodewaxing process which produces a dewaxed feedstock having a pour point of at least minimum specification and also eliminates the need for conventional hydrotreating subsequent to hydrodewaxing to render the dewaxed stock stable to light and oxidation and to reduce the aging rate of the catalyst is described and includes catalytically hydrodewaxing the feedstock under conditions equivalent to a pressure of about 400 psig, a maximum temperature of about 620.degree. F. and a maximum space velocity of 1.0 LHSV, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zeolite and a metal of Group VIII alone or admixed with an element of Group VI.

Abstract: A method for cracking a heavy fraction oil is provided in which is solved a problem as to an increase in pressure loss due to coking in a cracking tower during the treatment of heavy fraction oils containing at least 1.0 wt. % of asphaltene. The cracking tower is vertically divided into at least two portions with a partition for housing a solid catalyst having a hydrogenation function, and the divided portions are communicated with each other at the upper and lower parts of the tower. A starting heavy fraction oil, a hydrogen donative solvent, and a hydrogen-containing gas are introduced into at least one of the divided portions at the lower part thereof, and further the fluid is circulated between the divided portions. Another method for cracking heavy fraction oils is provided in which a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing at least 1.0 wt.

Abstract: The invention is directed to improve the profitability of existing catalytic cracking operations. Specifically, in thermofor catalytic cracking, liquified petroleum gases (LPG) are injected to the internal seal leg of the reactor for converting LPG to more valuable products and to prevent products and feed from surging out of the reaactor vessel.

Abstract: A straight-forward, simplified process and apparatus for obtaining blood plasma are provided which employ no pumps or other external flow monitoring devices. Instead, a plasma filtering assembly is suspended a predetermined distance below the injection site to employ the forces of gravity to separate plasma from the other components of whole blood.

Abstract: A process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, preferably having an API.sup.60 gravity of about 5-30, wherein at least a portion of off-gases is treated so as to remove C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins therefrom, and the off-gas stream having a reduced olefin content is then recycled to the catalytic cracking zone.

Abstract: Novel process for the production of magaldrate by the reaction of active aluminum hydroxide with a water soluble, sulfate containing compound and active magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide in stoichiometric quantities in the presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. Specifically, the hydrocarbon feedstock is passed to an extraction zone wherein N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used to extract a portion of the aromatic compounds. A portion of the extraction zone raffinate is then passed to a hydrotreating zone wherein a portion of the nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Subsequently, a portion of the hydrotreating zone effluent is then passed to a dewaxing zone and contacted with a shape selective molecular sieve containing dewaxing catalyst.

Abstract: The new biofeedback technique permits simultaneous, preferably redundant visual and auditory presentation of any intrinsically motivating stimuli together with continous information pertaining to the physiological parameter to be controlled. Essentially, it varies the signal to noise ratio (S/N) of an audio or video signal as a function of any physiological parameter or combination of several parameters. That is, intrinsically motivating stimuli, visual and auditory, are presented through a color TV set; image and sound are initially masked by white noise, set to a level just above perception (minimum signal and maximum noise). As the experimental subject changes a certain physiological parameter, image and sound become clearer if the change occurs in the desired direction. The video signal remains synchronized at any noise level. The final S/N ratio has been utilized as an index of motivation in an experiment to evaluate the efficiency of the new technique.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon oil which comprises contacting said oil at fluid catalytic cracking conditions with a catalyst consisting of silica, a rare earth metal component and a dealuminated zeolitic aluminosilicate having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of from 4.5 to 35, the essential X-ray powder diffraction pattern of zeolite Y, an ion exchange capacity of not greater than 0.070, a unit cell dimension a.sub.o of from 24.20 to 24.45 A, a surface area of at least 350 m.sup.2 /g (B-E-T), a sorptive capacity for water vapor at 25.degree. C. and a p/p.sub.o value of 0.10 of less than 4.00 weight percent and a Residual Butanol Test value of not more than 0.40 weight percent.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is described in which methanol is a coreactant with gas oil in combination with a small amount (catalyst/oil 0.01) of a dispersed, very fine, and highly active catalyst powder, such as ZSM-5B. The methanol is preferably admixed with the catalyst before admixture with the oil in order to protect the catalyst from adsorption of poisonous compounds (e.g., nitrogenous compounds) during the initial stages of the reaction, particularly if the methanol is insoluble in a non-polar hydrocarbon feed. The premixed materials are fed into a riser reactor. The residence time in the reactor is 6-15 seconds. Preferably, the catalyst is not regenerated. The quantity of methanol is maintained so that its exothermic reaction is approximately heat balanced with the endothermic catalytic cracking reaction.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst containing cobalt and a Group VIB metal and having a substantially uniform cross-sectional phosphorus distribution is prepared by impregnating support particles with a solution containing dissolved cobalt, phosphorus, and at least 17 weight percent of Group VIB metal components, calculated as the trioxides, having a pH of less than 1.2, and characterized by an extinction coefficient in the ultraviolet spectrum of about 0.7.times.10.sup.4 to about 1.8.times.10.sup.4 liters/cm.multidot.moles of Group VIB metal, followed by aging, drying and calcining. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly those involving hydrogenative desulfurization.

Abstract: A multicolor or other multilevel infrared detector comprises at least one first detector element formed in a first portion of a lower body, e.g. of cadmium mercury telluride. At least one second detector element, having different detector characteristics, is formed in an upper body, e.g. of cadmium mercury telluride. The lower body is divided, preferably by ion etching into at least two (and more usually three or more) portions separated from each other by gaps. The gaps in the lower body are bridged by the upper body. Electrical connections to the second detector elements comprises the separate portions of the lower body. The electrical connections include metallization layers extending from the top to the substrate on which the lower body is mounted. The substrate may be of insulating material, e.g. sapphire, or it may be for example a silicon CCD for processing signals from the detector elements.