Abstract: A device for automatically mapping the visual field of a subject includes a concave, generally hemispherical viewing screen, with a plurality of light-conducting fibers extending thereto from the convex side of the screen. The other ends of the light conducting fibers are joined to a light distribution board which includes a pivot supporting a scanning arm. The scanning arm includes a light conducting tube which is adapted to direct a beam of light into individual ends of the light conducting fibers, and the distribution board includes a printed circuit which is used to determine which light conducting fiber is being illuminated. The scanning arm itself is illuminated by a light module which includes an incandescent bulb powered by a regulated source, a continuously variable neutral density wedge, a color filter wheel, and a noiseless shutter. The light module also includes a light thief which samples the illumination provided to the scanning arm to determine the intensity thereof.

Abstract: An ophthalmoscopic photographing and observing system eliminates rays of light reflected and scattered at the cornea and the crystalline lens of a human eye. An illuminating optical system is provided with light shielding stops at positions conjugate to the corneal surface, the iris, and the rear face of the crystalline lens of an eye being examined. The sizes of these light shielding stops are such that an image of the stop conjugate to the corneal surface covers an area on the cornea where the light reflected by the fundus of the eye passes through the cornea covered with an image of the stop which is conjugate to the corneal surface; an image of the stop which is conjugate to the rear surface of the crystalline lens covers an area on the rear face of the crystalline lens where the light reflected by the fundus of the eye passes through. A ring-shaped aperture stop is conjugate to the iris.

Abstract: A perimeter for perimetric eye testing is provided with an electronic control mechanism for varying the brightness of the light signals in a preselected manner such that reproducibility of the examination can be achieved. An optical indicating arrangement is included to indicate the brightness values to the examiner, while the electronic control mechanism can further control an electronic recorder for recording the results of the examination.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and useful screw for joining together the temple pieces of eye glass frames to the front lens holding frame. The invention comprises a serrated tapered screw suitable for insertion into a hinge that connects the temple piece to the front frame of a pair of eye glasses.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for monitoring the position of the eye and generating an electrical signal based upon its displacement from a neutral position, such apparatus being characterized by a pair of eyeglasses modified to provide an infrared mirror on the inside surface of one lens, an infrared light emitting diode located on the nosepiece in position to produce a virtual image thereof within the wearer's eye as reflected from the infrared mirror, and an image detector mounted on the bow of the eyeglasses adjacent the mirror filtered to respond only to infrared light and effective to locate the position within the eye of the reflected LED image. The invention also encompasses a novel detector which, not only monitors the position of the eye but, in addition, through the use of a photosensor array, provides the means for generating a signal whose magnitude is proportional to the displacement of the eye from its centered or reference position.

Abstract: A photo eyepiece for microscopes comprising a front lens group which is a field lens and a rear lens group arranged as a triplet type. The photo eyepiece for microscope is arranged to eliminate lateral chromatic aberration, astigmatism, curvature of image, etc. and to photograph a flat image over a wide field.

Abstract: A retrofocus type wide-angle lens system comprising a first positive meniscus lens, a second negative meniscus lens, a third negative meniscus lens, a fourth biconvex lens, a fifth biconcave lens, a sixth positive meniscus lens and a seventh biconvex lens, said lens system having a long back focal length, short total length and being so designed as to favorably correct various aberrations.

Abstract: A retro-focus wide angle photographic lens system comprises a front lens group including first and third negative meniscus lenses each having one surface greater in curvature than the other and oriented toward an image, and a second positive lens, and a rear lens group including a fourth positive lens, a fifth negative lens, and sixth and seventh positive lenses each having one surface greater in curvature than the other and oriented toward the image. The various lens system parameters are selected within the limits of and to satisfy a plurality of mathematical expressions, in order to optimize miniaturization while still retaining satisfactory optical characteristics.

Abstract: A pad of homogeneous material has a closed, substantially smooth surface. It is age-resistant, wear-resistant and agreeable on the skin. It can be permanently connected to the material used for spectacle frames, made of transparent to opaque material and made with a lustrous surface. It has a Shore D hardness of 10 to 30 measured in accordance with DIN 53 505 and can be manufactured by injection molding.A recess is provided in the nose flank area of the spectacle rims, on the outside side thereof. The recess bottom is in approximately the plane of the spectacle frame and has a pocket in this plane which extends towards the groove for holding the lens. The pad has a base with an outwardly directed rib which is bonded in the pocket.

Abstract: An eyeglass temple construction is provided that substantially reduces and eliminates slippage of the frame on the nose of the wearer by providing a weight of one-eighth to three-quarters ounce attached to the rear part of the temple which extends behind the wearer's ears at an angle of at least 60.degree. from the plane formed by the straight section of the temple emanating directly from the eyeglass bridge.

Abstract: A mechanism for a zoom lens of the type in which the aperture defining diaphragm mechanism moves axially of the lens and changes the position of the exit pupil, where the mechanism modifies the aperture with changing focal length to maintain constant relative aperture at full relative aperture and further predetermines the stop down of the diaphragm mechanism as a function of selected relative aperture and focal length.

Abstract: A weight for use on a spectacle frame and a method of attaching in which a high density weight is provided which is relatively short in length and which has a slot-like recess in one side for receiving a portion of the rearward part of a spectacle bar is receivable. The weight is preferably cemented to the bar in a desired location rearward of the ear and counterbalances at least a portion of the weight of the foward lens-holding part of the frame. Alternatively, the weight can be adhered to the outwardly facing side of the rearward end of the side bar or earpiece of a spectacle frame. The weight is so attached to the side bar of the frame as to provide the greatest comfort to the wearer.

Abstract: A medium magnification objective for video disks comprising three or four single lenses for which the number of lenses constituting the objective is small, the working distance is large and flatness of image is high.

Abstract: A lens which has a first positive lens group consisting of one or more positive lens or lenses, a second negative lens being a negative meniscus lens having its concave surface facing an object side, and a third positive lens having its convex surface facing an object side, being positioned in said order from an object side, and obtains high resolving power by satisfying:0.8 < R/Lwherein L is an air space on an axis between said second negative lens and said third positive lens and R is a radius of curvature of the surface of the third positive lens at the object side, and-0.18/F < 1/Rb < 0.18/Fwherein Rb is a radius of curvature of a surface of said third positive lens at an image plane side and F is a focal distance of the total lens system.

Abstract: A head rest for instruments used for opthamological examination comprises two vertical columns mounted on the instrument base. Each of said columns carries a vertical post to which is attached a forehead rest spanning the space between the posts. Said posts are retracted with respect to said columns. Said columns also carry a transverse bar spanning the space between the columns and supporting a chin rest which is adjustable with respect to the base. The arrangement provides maximum freedom of movement around the patient's eyes for the physician or surgeon.

Abstract: A modified Gauss type photographic lens system comprises, in the order from the object side, a first lens component which is a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a second lens component which is a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a third lens component which is a negative meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a fourth lens component which is a negative meniscus lens having its concave surface facing the object side, a fifth lens component which is a positive meniscus lens cemented to the fourth lens component and havings its convex surface facing the image side, and a sixth lens component which is a biconvex lens having its more curved surface facing the image side, the lens system satisfying certain conditions peculiar to the invention.

Abstract: A surface inspection system has a light beam repetitively scanning a surface and a receiver located to receive light specularly (directly) reflected. The receiver has an enclosure with a wall containing a plurality of slits by which reflected light can reach a detector in the enclosure. The slits are arranged to cause the detector to produce a series of pulses throughout the scan, each pulse providing an instantaneous picture of the surface gloss in terms of an intensity distribution, the half width of each pulse is measured to give an indication of any variation from the half width of the distribution for a known surface gloss.

Abstract: A light distributor which is connected to an incoming light guide and a plurality of outgoing light guides for distributing a light arriving from the incoming light guide into the plurality of outgoing light guides characterized by the distributor comprising a disk member, which may be circular, of a material which has properties of a low absorption and low scattering, and the member has an abutting surface for both the incoming and outgoing light guides with the abutting surface of the incoming light guide being opposite to the abutting surface of the outgoing light guides. The disk member of the light distributor will have a thickness equivalent to the diameter of the cores of the light guides. The disk member may be of a material which is birefringent or which has a controllable index of refraction.

Abstract: In a device wherein a scanning beam from a light source is deflected by a light deflector, especially a rotatable polygonal mirror or a vibratory mirror and focused by an optical element such as a lens or the like to optically scan a surface to be scanned, thereby effecting writing and display of information, a synchronizing signal generator includes an optical system for taking out part of the scanning beam as a synchronizing beam for providing synchronism of signals in scanning. In this device, a diffraction element such as a diffraction grating or the like serving as a beam splitter for splitting the deflected beam to obtain the synchronizing beam is disposed within the deviation range of the deflected beam, and the diffracted beam exiting from the diffraction element is directed to a photodetector so as to provide a synchronizing signal. In this device, the use of the diffraction element as the beam splitter permits a wide area of the scanning beam to be split by a relatively thin member.

Abstract: The application of low loss optical fibers in optical communication systems requires that the glass fibers are suitably packaged into a cable. This invention provides a system of multiple optical fibers between two tapes or films, one of which holds the fibers on the film by pressure-sensitive adhesive and in spaced relation to one another. The fibers are covered by a second film, preferably thinner than the first film, and secured to the first film along the edges of the films to provide a laminated structure suitable for cabling. Spacers between the films eliminate asymmetric pressure of the covering film against the optical fibers which are nearest to the edges of the films; and the spacers are preferably strength members for stiffening the laminate.