Abstract: A wiring board for high-frequency signals, which comprises, a substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the substrate and provided on its surface with a U-shaped groove having an arcuate bottom for forming a wiring therein, and a signal wiring formed in the U-shaped groove, which is featured in that an upper end portion of the signal wiring is protruded out of the surface of the dielectric layer. A distance (H) from a protruded top surface of the signal wiring to a bottom of the U-shaped groove and a width (W) of the U-shaped groove preferably meet a relationship of 2<(W/H)<50, and the height of the portion of signal wiring which is protruded out of the surface of the dielectric layer is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: On a terminal end plane of a circular waveguide, metal columnar blocks and a cross shaped branching transforming unit for branching two orthogonal linear polarized waves and transforming from circular TE.sub.11 mode to rectangular TE.sub.10 mode are disposed, and two rectangular waveguides are composed so as to form an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical axis and horizontal axis, that is, symmetrically to the axial center of the circular waveguide, in an electric field direction of the first linear polarized wave and an electric field direction of the second linear polarized wave. In this constitution, the orthogonal polarized wave branching filter of the microwave band for satellite communications can be reduced in size, and moreover the principal components can be formed integrally by an injection molding process.

Abstract: A microwave polarizer particularly in a system for coupling energy between a waveguide and a transmission line. The polarizer reduces cross polarization by means of the probes being adjusted to an input impedance of less than 50 ohms, in particular to 20 ohms, by reducing the penetration depth of the probes. The smaller penetration depth also increases the distance between the two probes, which reduces cross polarization.

Abstract: A communication system having communicating devices coupled to a closed loop bus substantially reduces interconnect distances and corresponding signal propagation delays between the devices. Particular devices possess switchable impedance elements that can be selectively actuated to produce an effective terminating impedance substantially at a midpoint position along the closed loop from the coupling point of a transmission device. In such an arrangement, the produced effective terminating impedance would cause the signal transmitted by the transmission device to propagate to a destination device substantially without signal degradation due to signal reflections.

Abstract: In an electronic component, an electronic circuit board having an electronic element mounted on the major surface is mounted on a metal frame. The electronic circuit board is covered with a metal lid fitted on the metal frame and contained in a metal package constituted by the metal frame and the metal lid. At least at one notched portion is formed at least at one end of the electronic circuit board. A positioning projection formed on the metal frame engages with the notched portion. The mechanical precision and electrical characteristics are improved, so that an electronic component particularly excellent in high-frequency characteristics, which can be manufactured in simple manufacturing process, can be obtained.

Abstract: A signal distribution structure, or polyline, provides isolation between signal paths in high frequency systems, such as RF or microwave communication systems. The polyline has an inner conductor surrounded by a lossy insulator and a conductive shield. The conductive shield isolates the inner conductor from high frequency signals in the system while the lossy insulator attenuates high frequency signals present on the inner conductor. Low frequency signals on the inner conductor are relatively unattenuated by the polyline. Alternatively, an open polyline is formed in which the conductive shield is absent. The polyline and the open polyline are printed on a ceramic substrate or other type of carrier using known thick-film processing techniques.

Abstract: An N-way power combiner is presented herein for combining N RF signals. This combiner includes N input ports each for receiving an RF input signal. N transmission paths respectively extend from the N input ports to a common output port. N reject loads are respectively associated with the N paths, with each reject load having first and second ends with the second ends of the N reject loads being connected together in common. N impedance networks are respectively associated with the N paths. Each of the N impedance networks includes an inductor coil. A common connection means is provided for the inductor coils and the connection means has opposing sides. The N inductor coils are symmetrically arranged relative to the common connection means with some of the coils being located on one side of the common connection means and the other coils being located on the opposite side of the common connection means.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a microwave switch comprising a switch housing having side walls in which wave guide terminals are provided, and a switch rotor carried by a shaft which is mounted in bearings in said switch housing and being rotatable between switch positions defined by stop means limiting the rotation of said switch rotor a maximum of 180.degree., and an electromagnetic driving device having a permanent magnetic rotor part fixed directly onto the shaft of the switch rotor and having diametrically positioned magnetic poles of opposite polarities, and a stator part having an electric driving coil arranged on a magnetic yoke which is connected with two poles shoes, said stop means comprising a stop element on said switch rotor and impact elements provided in said switch housing.

Abstract: A switching circuit is made by serially connecting two field effect transistors in series in a small-signal transmission path, each of the transistors being applied with a substantially equal voltage, so as to lower a voltage applied to each of the FETs in the OFF state by voltage division, with the result that a high withstand voltage of the transmission path can be attained and a linear output can be obtained even when a large electric power is transmitted.

Abstract: A coupler device is disclosed which has an improved structure. The structure includes a substrate and, input ports and output ports disposed over the substrate. A plurality of inductors and capacitors are further included, which are arranged in a predetermined configuration and coupled between the ports. A layer of dielectric material is also disposed between the inductors and substrate which improves performance by reducing the dissipation losses and enhancing the frequency response of the coupler.

Abstract: Frequency multiplexers that incorporate either a power divider network or a power coupling cavity in conjunction with photonic bandgap filters. The frequency multiplexers comprise a signal input and a plurality of signal outputs. In a first embodiment of the multiplexer, a 1-to-N power divider network is coupled to the signal input, and a predetermined number of photonic bandgap filters are coupled between the divider network and the plurality of signal outputs and that are driven by the divider network. Each photonic bandgap filter has an predetermined bandpass characteristic such that the plurality of filters cover the total input signal bandwidth. In a second embodiment of the multiplexer, a cavity is formed between the signal input and the plurality of filters. The spatial locations of the filters tailor the propagation properties of the cavity so that a corresponding plurality of propagating modes are established linking the different input frequency bands and the signal output.

Abstract: A high-performance, small-sized nonreciprocal circuit element whose isolation characteristics are improved by making the reactances of the central electrodes uniform for every port. The circuit element may have a multilayer substrate with three ceramic sheets. Three central electrodes are formed on these sheets, respectively. The sheets are placed on top of each other so that the central electrodes make angles of 120 degrees with respect to each other. The strip widths and/or the strip spacings in the central electrodes are set separately so as to provide uniform reactances for the individual ports.

Abstract: The invention relates to a directional coupler arrangement and measurement of radio frequency electric power with a directional coupler arrangement, which arrangement comprises a directional coupler, in which a terminal impedance, a detector element and a control circuit are connected between the end of the second conductor element and the earth potential. The impedance value of the terminal impedance can be altered by means of an electric control signal and said control circuit produces said control signal on the basis of the signal provided by the detector element. When the detected power level is low, the control circuit increases the impedance value of the terminal impedance, whereby the peak voltage of the signal applied to one end of the directional coupler increases and the arrangement yields a measurement result that is larger than ordinary, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the arrangement at low power levels.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element of reduced weight and manufactured at a lower cost without deteriorating the parallelism and the magnetic field distribution of a unidirectional magnetic field. The non-reciprocal circuit element may be a circulator having a ferrite member having a center electrode section in which a plurality of electrode lines which function as inductance components are disposed so as to intersect each other, forming a predetermined angle therebetween while being electrically insulated from each other. In this circulator, a magnetic member made of a magnetic material having a permeability higher than that of the ferrite member is formed integrally with a lower surface of the ferrite member. The ferrite member also has matching capacitance electrodes connected to input/output ports of the electrode lines to function as capacitance components. The center electrode section and the matching capacitance electrodes are incorporated in the ferrite member.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element having low insertion loss is provided. In the circuit element, three central conductors are disposed such that they intersect each other at specified angles in an electrically isolated condition and a DC bias magnetic field is applied to the intersection. The intersection angles formed by the central conductors are set to different values, corresponding to the rotation angle of the high-frequency magnetic field caused by the DC bias magnetic field. A stronger operating DC magnetic field than that in a conventional circuit element is used to reduce a ferrite loss.

Abstract: A thick film construct and quadrature coupler for use in fabricating devices such as IQ modulators, IQ demodulators, vector modulators, image reject mixers, and multi-channel mixers. The thick film construct includes a dielectric substrate base with a metallized backside, a first metal trace deposited on the non-metallized side of the substrate base, a dielectric layer deposited over and around the first metal trace, and a second metal trace deposited on the dielectric layer. The first and second metal traces are aligned over their widths and lengths so to form a balanced transmission line structure where the first and second metal traces represent top and bottom lines in the balanced structure. This thick film structure serves as the foundation for microwave capacitors, mixers, and other transmission line based structures, including a quadrature coupler.

Abstract: A transformer circuit disclosed performs wideband impedance transformation (matching) and can be used for voltage step-up and step-down applications. The circuit disclosed is comprised of two transmission line transformers and two reactive impedances that compensate the circuit for impedance versus frequency. The circuit disclosed performs a very wideband impedance ratio of 1:9. The circuit may have different turns ratios for transformers T1 and T2 and different values for reactive impedances Z1 and Z2 to accommodate rational, fractional and integer values of transformation up to an impedance ratio of 16:1. Incorporation of a balun in the second transformer provides balanced output.

Abstract: A high-frequency switch in which required resistors can be mounted without hampering the characteristics of the switch. The high-frequency switch has a series circuit formed of a first diode and a first transmission line with a node E therebetween. The first diode is connected to a transmitting circuit through a capacitor at a node A. One end of the first transmission line is coupled to a receiving circuit via a capacitor at a node B. A second transmission line and a capacitor with a node C therebetween are connected between the node A and a ground potential, while a second diode and a capacitor with a node D therebetween are coupled between the node B and a ground potential. A series circuit formed of first and second resistors with a node F therebetween is connected between the nodes C and D. A first control voltage terminal Vc1 is coupled to the node C via a resistor, while a second control voltage terminal Vc2 is connected to the node D via another resistor.

Abstract: A billet of low-density carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composite is machined into a desired attenuator or load element shape (usually tapering). The CBCF composite is used as a free-standing load element or, preferably, brazed to the copper, brass or aluminum components of coaxial transmission lines or microwave waveguides. A novel braze method was developed for the brazing step. The resulting attenuator and/or load devices are robust, relatively inexpensive, more easily fabricated, and have improved performance over conventional graded-coating loads.

Abstract: A narrow-band overcoupled directional coupler 300 in a multilayer package is provided. The directional coupler 300 has a laminated structure including a stack of dielectric substrates (301-310) with a primary and a secondary transmission line on the layers of the dielectric substrates. The primary transmission line (A) and the secondary transmission line (B) are coupled by a combination of edge type coupling in which the primary and secondary transmission lines are substantially parallel with each other on a major surface of one of the dielectric substrates (307 for example) and broadside type coupled in which at least portions of the primary transmission line and secondary transmission line are substantially vertically aligned through adjacent dielectric substrates (303, 305 for example). The primary and secondary transmission lines are also substantially overcoupled to provide a predetermined off-center frequency which is different from an overcoupled center frequency.