Abstract: A phase splitter includes an input port coupled to receive a modulated carrier having a relatively wide bandwidth and has first and second output ports for supplying, respectively, first and second modulated carrier constituents having a uniform phase angle differential, such as 180.degree., between one another while maintaining a uniform amplitude over the bandwidth for the modulated carrier. A transmission line comprised of one or more individual segments includes first and second conductors respectively coupled to the output ports of the phase splitter to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents from the phase splitter. A coupler is positioned sufficiently near the transmission line to receive the first and second modulated carrier constituents being applied to any of the individual segments.

Abstract: First and second transconductance amplifiers OTA 1, OTA 2, each having two input terminals, and two output terminals are constructed in such a manner that a first input terminal of the OTA 1 is connected with a second output terminal of the OTA 2, a first output terminal of the OTA 1 and a first input terminal of the OTA 2 are connected to a capacitor which is grounded at one end, and a second input terminal and a second output terminal of the OTA 1 and a second input terminal and a first output terminal of the OTA 2 are AC-grounded.

Abstract: A directional coupler that can be produced entirely in integrated technology (MIC or MMIC), particularly for the X-band. The directional coupler can be designed for a high coupling attenuation (>30 dB) and a high directivity (>30 dB) with a large relative bandwidth (approximately 20%). This is achieved with a stepped arrangement comprising a plurality of .lambda./4 waveguide sections and coupling capacitors disposed between the respective paths of the coupler.

Abstract: A device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide which operates in a microwave band or in a millimeter wave band. The device with a nonradiative dielectric waveguide is, for example, an oscillator, a circulator, a coupler or the like. The device has a couple of parallel conductors, a dielectric strip which is disposed between the conductors and propagates a high-frequency electromagnetic wave in a specified mode, a mounting surface which is formed on one of the conductors, and an end surface which is formed at an end of the conductors so as to be vertical to a traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave propagated in the dielectric strip. An end of the dielectric strip is exposed at a corresponding end surface of the device.

Abstract: The double tuning circuit of a TV tuner provided by the present invention comprises a primary tuning circuit and a secondary tuning circuit coupled with each other wherein at least one of the primary and secondary tuning circuits comprises two series circuits connected to each other in parallel with each of the two series circuits including damping resistors and/or resonance capacitors in addition to switching diodes which are each selectively turned on and off by using a predetermined switching voltage corresponding to signal reception states so that the frequency response of an intermediate-frequency signal obtained on the output side of the double tuning circuit is fixed independently of a channel receiving the incoming signal and the intensity of the electric field of the incoming signal.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element which meets the demand for a reduced size and a lower price. A circulator, which is a type of non-reciprocal circuit element, is constituted by a first central electrode and a second central electrode which are disposed on a main surface of a ferrite member so that they intersect with each other while being electrically insulated from each other; a first input/output port and a second input/output port which are connected to corresponding first ends of the aforesaid two central electrodes and a third input/output port which is connected in common to second ends of the two central electrodes; two matching capacitors connected between the first and second I/O ports, respectively, and the third I/O port; and a magnetic circuit for applying a DC magnetic field to the aforesaid ferrite member.

Abstract: An active device, such as a field effect transistor ("FET"), converts microwave signals between a slot transmission line ("slotline") and a coplanar waveguide ("CPW") In slotline-to-CPW conversion using one or more FETs, a gate connection is made to one or both of the slotline conductors. A drain connection is made to the center conductor on the CPW. Two FET source terminals are connected respectively to each CPW ground strip and may be coupled to a slotline conductor. The active device can be reconnected so as to reverse the input and output, providing for conversion of signals from CPW to slotline. Conversion between balanced-signal slotline and CPW further includes passive or active phase shift of one signal path.

Abstract: A coupled line element has a plurality of coupled lines equalized to each other in line length to set a phase difference between output signals within a desired range. The coupled lines are wound to form a spiral section. An extension is formed continuously with an end of one or more of the coupled lines forming an inner winding in the spiral section. The line length of this coupled line is thereby equalized to that of the coupled line forming an outermost winding in the spiral section. Alternatively, the coupled lines can be formed into two spiral sections which are wound in opposite directions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling signal line impedance in an electronic circuit board by altering the characteristics of a grid-like ground plane. The ground plane is arranged adjacent and parallel to a signal plane of the circuit board, and includes a grid-like pattern of conductors. The grid-like pattern of conductors forms a large number of grid elements. The size of the grid elements in a portion of the ground plane varies along at least a portion of the length of a corresponding signal trace of the signal plane in order to provide a desired impedance for the signal trace. The grid element size variation may be in accordance with a ramp function, a staircase function, a square wave function, as well as suitable combinations of these and other functions. This variation of grid element size in a grid-like ground plane provides cost-effective and flexible control of signal trace impedance, without requiring any alteration in signal trace or dielectric material characteristics.

Abstract: A directional coupler (300) is formed of a substrate (302) having a microstrip transmission line (304) and an inductor (306) seated perpendicularly across the microstrip transmission line. The windings (312) of the inductor (306) run parallel to the microstrip transmission line (304). One end (308) of the inductor (306) is terminated with a load (314) to reduce reflections while the other end (310) is coupled to a diode (316) and a capacitor (322) resonant at the frequency of interest and providing an output port for the coupler. The radio frequency (RF) signal is inductively coupled from the microstrip transmission line (304) to the windings (312) of the coil and converted through the diode (316) and the capacitor (322) to a voltage output (Vout) at the output port (324).

Abstract: A dual switch for coupling a waveguide microwave switch to a coaxial microwave switch. The waveguide microwave switch has a waveguide hollow member and a waveguide rotating section rotatably mounted about a rotational axis within the waveguide hollow member at one end. The coaxial microwave switch has a coaxial hollow member adjacent to the one end of the waveguide hollow member and a coaxial rotating section rotatably mounted within the coaxial hollow member about an axis coaxial with the rotational axis. The waveguide microwave switch is coupled to the coaxial microwave switch by at least one set of cooperating magnets fastened at a given radial distance from the rotational axis to the waveguide rotating section and the coaxial rotating section respectively, such that any rotation of the waveguide rotating section about the rotational axis will be followed by a corresponding rotation about the rotational axis of the coaxial rotating section.

Abstract: A distributed microwave window (12) couples microwave power in the HE11 mode between a first large diameter waveguide (32) and a second large diameter waveguide (34), while providing a physical barrier between the two waveguides, without the need for any transitions to other shapes or diameters. The window comprises a stack of alternating dielectric (14) and hollow metallic (16) strips, brazed together to form a vacuum barrier. The vacuum barrier is either transverse to or tilted with respect to the waveguide axis. The strips are oriented to be perpendicular to the transverse electric field of the incident microwave power. The metallic strips are tapered on both sides of the vacuum barrier, which taper serves to funnel the incident microwave power through the dielectric strips (14). A suitable coolant flows through a coolant channel (18) that passes through the metallic strips (16).

Abstract: A ground path for microwave circuits positioned on carriers is provided. A ground path is provided between a first and second carrier coupled to respective microwave circuit substrates. The first and second carriers are coupled to a base, forming an opening between the first and second carriers. A conductive element is coupled to a first microstrip transmission line on the first substrate and a second microstrip transmission line on the second substrate. A conductive spring is then positioned in the opening in order to create a ground path. The microstrip transmission line may consist of alumina or a high-frequency plastic, such as Teflon or Duroid.RTM.. The conductive spring may consist of beryllium copper. A conductive rubber material may also be positioned in the opening, contacting the conductive spring and the base.

Abstract: A microwave integrated circuit includes a matching circuit for electromagnetic analysis in designing the circuit. The matching circuit is a T-junction circuit comprising distributed constant lines. Miniaturization of the microwave integrated circuit is realized while reducing the time required for electromagnetic analysis and improving design precision by using meandered distributed constant lines.

Abstract: A method of producing a microwave power divider or combiner having equally matched sections of a split terminating resistor. The method initially matches the resistance value of both sections of the split terminating resistor by identifying which section has a lower resistance value. The ratio of the resistance values of the two sections is determined. The section having the lower resistance value is then trimmed until it is equal to the other. The termination sections may then be equally trimmed to provide a desired final resistance value for the terminating resistor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular assembly comprising at least two modules to be assembled together and to be electrically interconnected when assembled for the purpose of conveying a microwave signal from an electronic circuit of one of the modules to an electronic circuit of the other module, said electronic circuits being disposed in respective packages. One of said electronic circuits includes at least one opto-electronic component that is optically connected to at least one optical fiber. Both packages are adapted to receive a microwave feedthrough having a central conductor whose axial ends come into contact with conductive tracks belonging to each of said electronic circuits, respectively.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave device includes a pedestal having an upper surface; a microwave IC chip operating at a millimeter wave band, the chip being mounted on the upper surface of the pedestal; line substrates having respective transmission lines connected to the microwave IC chip, the line substrates being mounted on opposite sides of the microwave IC chip on the upper surface of the pedestal; a lid covering and sealing the microwave IC chip and the line substrates, the lid being disposed opposite the upper surface of the pedestal; and waveguides, each waveguide including a waveguide input/output part having an opening penetrating the pedestal transverse to the upper surface and a waveguide end portion connected to the waveguide input/output part, the waveguides being disposed in the vicinity of opposite ends of the pedestal.

Abstract: A printed wiring board having a substrate, a plurality of load circuits formed on the substrate, a drive circuit formed on the substrate, for driving the load circuits, a first wiring pattern formed on the substrate and connected to the load circuits, and a second wiring pattern formed on the substrate, for connecting the drive circuit and the first wiring pattern. The width of the second wiring pattern is set larger than that of the first wiring pattern, so as to eliminate the mismatch between the characteristic impedance of the second wiring pattern and the characteristic impedance of the first wiring pattern.

Abstract: A tuning circuit is formed of inductors connected in series, voltage-controlled variable capacitance means connected in parallel to the inductors, switch means connected in parallel to one of the inductors and capacitance means connected in parallel to another of the inductors, and the resonance frequency of a resonant circuit of the inductor and the capacitance means is set higher than the resonance frequency of the tuning circuit. When the switch means is turned off to change the frequency of the -tuning circuit to the lower frequency band, the frequency variable ratio of the tuning circuit becomes large and when the switch means is turned on to change the frequency to the higher frequency band, such frequency variable ratio becomes small, and the frequency variable width of the lower frequency band can be set almost equal to the frequency variable width of the higher frequency band by adequately selecting the capacitance of the capacitance means.

Abstract: A Guanella 1:4 balun is made capable of handling frequencies in the gigahertz range by printing its transmission lines on a microwave laminate. The resulting balun has a largest dimension substantially smaller than one free space wavelength throughout a 20:1 usable frequency range.