Abstract: The invented process produces sorbic acid. The process includes the steps of adding a crude sorbic acid to a hot water having a temperature exceeding 100° C., which crude sorbic acid is obtained by the decomposition of a polyester formed through a reaction of ketene with crotonaldehyde, and performing at least one treatment selected from (A) a hot water extraction treatment for extracting sorbic acid with the hot water, and (B) a treatment with an activated carbon in the hot water. The temperature of the hot water is, for example, 120° C. or lower. The amount of sorbic acid to be treated is, for example, equal to or less than the saturated dissolution amount of sorbic acid with respect to the hot water at a treating temperature. The invented process can easily and efficiently remove tar substances and other impurities by-produced in the decomposition of the polyester and can produce a highly purified sorbic acid with a high productivity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for inhibiting Ras-induced or mediated proliferation of cells associated with a non-malignant disease, disorder or pathological condition. The method entails administering to a patient a Ras antagonist in an amount effective to inhibit the proliferation. The invention is particularly applicable to diseases characterized by a proliferation of T-cells such as autoimmune disease, e.g., type 1 diabetes, lupus and multiple sclerosis, and pathological states such as graft rejection induced by the presentation of a foreign antigen such as a graft in response to a disease condition (e.g., kidney failure). Other non-malignant diseases characterized by proliferations of cells include cirrhosis of the liver and restenosis. Preferred Ras antagonists are S-trans-trans farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) and structurally related compounds (or analogs) thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-cyano-2,4-dihalogeno-5-fluoro-benzoic acid, to intermediates for carrying out the process and to processes for preparing these intermediates.

Abstract: A process for producing a polycarboxylic acid which comprises performing liquid phase oxidation of polyalkyl-substituted aromatic aldehyde and/or oxide derivative of polyalkyl-substituted aromatic aldehyde as raw material for oxidation with molecular oxygen at two stages in water solvent in the presence of a catalyst comprising bromine or both bromine and a heavy metal(s) at a temperature of 180 to 280 ° C., thereby producing trimellitic acid or pyromellitic acid, wherein said liquid phase oxidation is performed in a continuous operation at the first stage and in a continuous operation or in a batch operation at the second stage and a total amount of bromine in said catalyst is divided to add separately at each the first stage and the second stage.

Abstract: In a process for preparing phthalic anhydride by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of o-xylene or naphthalene or o-xylene/naphthalene mixtures with a gas comprising molecular oxygen over a coated catalyst comprising an inert, nonporous support material on which a catalytically active composition comprising titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide is applied in layer form, a catalyst whose catalytically active composition comprises from 3 to 6% by weight of vanadium pentoxide, calculated as V2O5, from 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of a cesium compound, calculated as Cs, and the remainder to 100% by weight of titanium dioxide in the anatase modification is used in the presence or absence of a coated catalyst, differing therefrom, for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of o-xylene or naphthalene or o-xylene/naphthalene mixtures and, in the presence of such a second catalyst, the latter is used in a combined bed with the catalyst of the above composition in the reactor.

Abstract: An improvement to methanol carbonylation processes utilizing a homogeneous iridium catalyst system comprises adding a rate-promoting amount of an insoluble pyridine ring-containing polymer. Typically, polyvinylpyridine is added to the reactor in amounts of up to about 2 wt. percent.

Abstract: To provide a prostaglandin derivative represented by the formula: wherein A is an ethylene group, a vinylene group, an ethynylene group, O(CH2)q or S(O)r(CH2)q, R1 is a C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-4 alkyl-C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C3-10 cycloalkyl-C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-10 alkyl group, a C1-10 alkyl group substituted with hydroxyl group(s) or C1-4 alkoxy group(s), a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group substituted with hydroxyl group(s) or C1-4 alkoxy group(s), a C2-10 alkynyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group substituted with hydroxyl group(s) or C1-4 alkoxy group(s) or a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-10 alkyl group or a C3-10 cycloalkyl group, m is an integer of 1 to 5, n is an integer of 1 to 4, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is an integer of 1 to 5 and r is 0, 1 or 2; a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof exhibit excellent action in inhibiting the growth of vascular smooth muscle and is useful as a drug for inhibition of restenosis after per

Abstract: A process for preparing polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymers or diesters or monoesters of these polymers comprises polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer over a heterogeneous catalyst comprising hectorite.

Abstract: A method is described for producing saturated dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C6 to C21 or the corresponding diamidic dicarboxylic acids from fatty acid cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or the bis-fatty acid diamides of these unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative ozonolysis and subsequent separation and purification of the dicarboxylic acids, whereby after oxidative ozonolysis, the reaction products are dissolved at a high temperature in a carboxylic acid or a mixture of several carboxylic acids with a medium chain length of C6 to C12 or esters of short-chain alcohols of these carboxylic acids as the recrystallization solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing dicarboxylic acid monoesters from cyanocarboxylic acid esters. More particularly, using the nitrilase from Acidovorax facilis 72W (ATCC 55745) in various forms as an enzyme catalyst, an aliphatic or aromatic cyanocarboxylic acid ester is converted to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid monoester with high chemoselectivity at 100% conversion. An embodiment of the invention also provides a process for obtaining high chemoselectively and high regioselectivity.

Abstract: A process for producing a high purity aromatic polycarboxylic acid by purify a crude aromatic polycarboxylic acid in accordance with the steps of (I) forming an amine salt of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid from the crude polycarboxylic acid and an amine, (II) continuously decomposing the salt in a salt decomposition reactor in operations of (i) supplying an aqueous solution of the amine salt of an organic polycarboxylic acid formed in the step of forming a salt, (ii) removing the amine and water by distillation under heating and (iii) taking out a slurry containing crystallized aromatic polycarboxylic acid, and (III) separating and recovering crystals of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid from the slurry which is taken out in the step of decomposing the salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cationic 2-acylaminophenols of formula (I) comprising at least one cationic group, to their use as couplers for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers, and in particular of human keratin fibers such as the hair, to oxidation dye compositions containing them in combination with at least one oxidation base, and to oxidation dyeing processes using them.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing carbetapentane tannate. The process involves the steps of heating carbetapentane to a temperature of about 80 to about 120° C. and slowly adding tannic acid to the carbetapentane while agitating the reaction mixture. Preferably, no water or any other solvent or diluent is utilized in the process.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) which is an agonist at the adenosine A1 receptor wherein R2 represents C1-3alkyl, halogen or hydrogen; R3 represents a fluorinated straight or branched alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms and salts and solvates thereof, in particular, physiologically acceptable solvates and salts thereof. These compounds are agonists at the adenosine A1 receptor.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing benzonitrile derivative (formula 1) is subjected to a reduction reaction to obtain a fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative (formula 2), and the amino group in said fluorine-containing benzylamine derivative is replaced with a hydroxyl group to obtain a fluorine-containing benzyl alcohol derivative (formula 3): wherein X is a halogen atom, when m is an integer of 2 or more, each X may be the same or different, and m is an integer of from 0 to 4.

Abstract: An efficient and selective process, capable of scale-up, to make itaconate derivatives of formula (IV), and/or succinate derivatives of formula (V) and/or (VI) by asymmetric hydrogenation of the itaconate derivatives. wherein R, R1 and R2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Methods to recover nitramines from energetic materials yielding useable by-products and producing zero waste. The methods are used on materials containing HMX and RDX.

Abstract: An endothelin antagonist comprising as the active ingredient a prostanoic acid derivative wherein the &agr;-chain has eight or more skeletal carbon atoms.

Abstract: Highly pure, less colored aromatic polycarboxylic acids are produced from crude aromatic polycarboxylic acids by simple procedures at low production costs. The crude aromatic polycarboxylic acid is mixed with aliphatic amine or alicyclic amine in the presence of a solvent to precipitate crystals of amine salt of aromatic polycarboxylic acid. The crystals are dissolved in water and decomposed, thereby obtaining the highly pure aromatic polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preparing a compound type where at least one of R′ or R″ is a carboxyl group (I) by treating a compound of formula (II) with a Group I(a) or Group II(a) metal halide, with an aprotic dipolar amide-based solvent and water.