Abstract: A process burner for combusting a fluid feed material which has central, middle and frusto-conical conduits in which the central and middle conduits form an annular passageway having an enlarged upstream end forming a distribution chamber to prevent high fluid flow regions which would erode an acceleration conduit at the discharge ends of the central, middle and frusto-conical conduits, the acceleration conduit forming a smooth curving surface without sharp angles from the frusto-conical conduit apex to the cylindrical discharge portion of the acceleration conduit. The distribution chamber preferably has a baffle or mixing plate angularly disposed under the fluid feed inlet to the annular passageway so that the fluid feed changes from axial to downwardly spiralling radial flow.

Abstract: In a partial oxidation process, the gaseous effluent from the generator is contacted with water to cool the synthesis gas and remove the solid particulates of ash and soot. The water from this operation is then mixed with an organic extractant and feed into a decanter to form aqueous and organic phases. The aqueous phase from the decanter is feed to a water flash separator to remove dissolved gases. The solids are removed from the water flash separator in an aqueous stream which is processed for removal of undesirable sulfides, cyanides, metals and particulate matter and steam stripped for removal of undesirable gases while retaining quantitites of ammonia therein. The overhead, an ammonia containing aqueous stream, is recycled for the control of pH in the quench scrubber vessel and the attendant equipment utilized to process the aqueous phase from the decanter.

Abstract: A metod for making a photochromic glass article exhibiting a surface color pattern wherein a silver halide-containing photochromic glass article is treated by exposing at least a portion of the surface thereof to a patterned heat source for a time sufficient to raise the temperature of at least a part of the exposed portion above about 450.degree. C., is described. The glass may be exposed to the patterned heat source either before or after thermal reduction coloring. Patterned heating to a temperature in the transformation range of the glass is used where a post-patterning thermal reduction coloration step is to be used, in order to render the glass resistant to reduction coloration in the patterned area.

Abstract: A process for combusting sulfur and nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials in a two stage combustion process wherein sulfur and nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials and sulfur fixation agent particulates are introduced into a first combustion stage single fluidized bed having a density/size selective solids withdrawal conduit. The carbonaceous materials are combusted in the fluidized bed under substoichiometric oxygen conditions at temperatures of about 1600.degree. to about 2000.degree. F. producing ash and reducing gases forming a reducing region in a major portion of the single fluidized bed, the reducing gases comprising gaseous sulfur compounds. In a reducing region of the fluidized bed, the gaseous sulfur compounds are reacted with oxides of the sulfur fixation agent forming an intermediate solid metallic sulfur compound and nitrogen contained in the carbonaceous materials is converted to molecular nitrogen.

Abstract: Gases which are rich in carbon monoxide are producted by a catalytic cracking of gaseous or vaporized hydrocarbons. A part of the hydrocarbons is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas which is added at a rate that is twice to ten times the stoichiometric oxygen demand. The combustion temperature are between 800.degree. and 1500.degree. C. The oxygen-containing combustion gas is admixed to the preheated remainder of the hydrocarbon and a mixture is producted which is at a temperature between about 700.degree. and about 1300.degree. C. That mixture is passed through a fixed bed consisting of a granular cracking catalyst. A high-CO product gas at a temperature between about 800.degree. and about 1150.degree. C. is withdrawn from the fixed bed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating slag discharged from a coal gasification reactor to a slag water bath by converging the flow of the slag with a chamber at least partially submerged in the slag water bath such that the flow of slag is converged to a diameter no greater than the diameter of the discharge opening of the slag water bath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for effecting a high desulphuration of a fuel gas containing sulphur issuing from the gasification of sulphurous fuels, wherein the gas is subjected to the action of vapors of manganese and/or zinc and/or oxides thereof (in the form of aerosols) while it is at a temperature ranging from 1 600.degree. C. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the production of gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid fuel in a fluidized bed, the solid particles contained in the product gas are separated off in a cyclone separator and recycled to the fluidized bed by way of a recycling conduit. The recycling conduit is provided with injection nozzles for introducing gas flows into the recycling conduit in a pulse-like manner in order to loosen up the particles therein. The gas flows may be introduced into the recycling conduit in displaced relationship in respect of time in such a way that, of two adjacent injection locations, gas is injected through the injection location which is arranged at a greater spacing from the reactor at a later time than at the injection location which is closer to the reactor.

Abstract: Silicon monoxide grains finer than 10 mesh are vacuum hot pressed to form a glass billet which can than be used to provide silicon monoxide of a size and/or shape suitable for vapor deposition purposes.

Abstract: A process of catalytic coal gasification characterized by mixing an inexpensive, low rank coal with an aqueous solution of inexpensive, widely existing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chlorides, such as Nacl, KCl, or the like; adding a pH adjustor such as ammonia to the resulting mixture to adjust pH to 5.about.12, whereby an ion exchange is effected between said metal and hydrogen in the coal, thereby loading only metals as a catalyst on the coal; washing the coal with water to remove chloride by-products; and running steam onto the catalyst-loaded coal at high temperatures and high pressures.

Abstract: A dry cooling installation for coke includes an upright cooling shaft having an upper inlet for coke to be cooled and a lower inlet for a recirculating counterstream of cooling gas. Two gas discharge ducts are connected at two opposite points to the cooling shaft and communicate respectively with dust separators. A waste gas heat boiler is arranged between the separator and communicates with the same so as to receive clean gas in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the movement of separated dust particles.

Abstract: Agglomeration of particles of a pulverulent water-soluble material is achieved by conveying a layer of the material on a porous surface towards which a laminar flow of heated humid air is directed. A reduced pressure is applied from beneath the porous surface for drawing the heated humid air to contact the conveyed material for a time sufficient for fusing particles of the material at micropores formed at points of contact between the surfaces of the particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reformer for producing a hydrogen rich gas by reaction of natural gas with steam by a catalytic action with heating, and particularly to the heater in the reformer, where the heating section of the heater is composed of a heating section by burner combustion and a heating section by catalytic combustion, and a stable combustion less susceptible to fluctuations in the feed rate or pressure of fuel or air can be obtained by the catalytic combustion.

Abstract: A process for the partial combustion of finely-divided coal at high temperatures and pressures to make synthesis gas having entrained particles of fly ash which are separated from the gas at high pressure. The fly ash and a minor amount of entrained gas are handled in a batchwise manner to isolate a batch in a lock hopper, depressurize the batch, strip the synthesis gas from the fly ash and cool the fly ash prior to disposal.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis system including a reverse osmosis filter with a reverse osmosis membrane and having an inlet port coupled to a source of feed water under predetermined pressure via a feed water inlet conduit, a product water outlet port for filtered outlet product water, and a brine outlet port for brine. A pump coupled into the feed water inlet conduit between the source of feed water and the inlet port of the filter and driven by the feed water under pressure. The pump increases the pressure of the feed water so that the reverse osmosis filter receives feed water at an increased pressure.

Abstract: Process for the partial oxidation of fuel using a multi-orifice burner comprising a central channel and three substantially concentric channels encirling the central channel. Fuel is supplied through each of the first and third concentric channels and the oxidizer is supplied through each of the central channel and the second concentric channel. The reactant fuel and oxidizer are supplied at specific mass flow distribution and velocities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining blockage of a coal gasification slag tap by observing changes in the pressure differential across a diaphragm seal located within an annulus formed by a pressurized vessel and a gasifier contained therewithin.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for providing additional desulfurization of the hot gas produced in a fluid-bed coal gasifier, within the gasifier. A fluid-bed of iron oxide is located inside the gasifier above the gasification bed in a fluid-bed coal gasifier in which in-bed desulfurization by lime/limestone takes place. The product gases leave the gasification bed typically at 1600.degree. to 1800.degree. F. and are partially quenched with water to 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. F. before entering the iron oxide bed. The iron oxide bed provides additional desulfurization beyond that provided by the lime/limestone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dispensing frozen food products is based upon the frozen food product, e.g. ice cream, being packaged in a coil tubular casing and providing means for cutting off incremental lengths after removing the casing and then forming a scoop of the food product with a scoop which transfers the charge to a dumping position where the charge is released into a suitable food container.

Abstract: A reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous fuel to produce usable gas, and comprising an insulated outer shell. A reaction chamber within the shell which receives a fuel mixture from an injection burner. The products or effluent of gasification include hot produced gases which are passed through a constricted throat to be cooled in a liquid bath. A dip tube which guides the hot effluent into the bath is provided with a stream of coolant from a quench ring. The latter is supported below the reaction chamber and includes a toroidal body which communicates with a pressurized water source. A narrow channel formed in said body carries a rapidly moving flow of the water to uniformly cool the effluent guide panel whereby to stabilize the latter and reduce the development of thermal strains due to contact with the hot gases.