Abstract: Polysaccharides, which are widely used as an anticoagulation drugs, especially heparin, are clinically administered only by intravenous or subcutaneous injection because of their strong hydrophilicity and high negative charge. Amphiphilic heparin derivatives were synthesized by conjugation to bile acids, sterols, and alkanoic acids, respectively. These heparin derivatives were slightly hydrophobic, exhibited good solubility in water, and have high anticoagulation activity. These slightly hydrophobic heparin derivatives are efficiently absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and can be used in oral dosage forms. Methods of using these amphiphilic heparin derivatives and similarly modified macromolecules for oral administration are also disclosed.

Abstract: A complex of a radiometal or paramagnetic metal ion with a metal chelating agent such as a diaminedioxime has attached thereto a substituent of formula —(Y)m—A—NHR, can function as a substrate for the fibrin-stabilizing Factor XIIIa. The complex is useful for the diagnosis or therapy of thrombosis, embolism, atherosclerosis, inflammation or cancer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the novel use of diphenyl sulfamido in the treatment of disease states mediated by the chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8).

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds and compositions thereof, useful in the treatment of disease states mediated by the chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8).

Abstract: A method for producing a 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid is provided, the method comprising the steps of: hydrolyzing a 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanenitrile and/or a 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanamide in the presence of a sulfuric acid to obtain a reaction mixture containing a 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid; mixing the reaction mixture with a basic alkaline metal compound to obtain a mixture comprising an oil layer containing the 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid and a water layer; and separating the oil layer containing the 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid from the mixture. In accordance with the present invention, a 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid is obtained with excellent operability and efficiency without using an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula or, if appropriate, a tautomer thereof, in each case in the free form or in salt form, in which A, X, Y, Z, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R9 and n are as defined in claim 1 and the C═N double bond marked with E has the E configuration, which comprises a1) reacting either a compound of the formula (II) mentioned above with a compound of the formula (III) mentioned above, in which X1 is a leaving group, or a2) a compound of the formula (IV) mentioned above, if appropriate in the presence of a base, with a compound of the formula (V) mentioned above, or b1) reacting a compound of the formula (VI) mentioned above with a compound of the formula R7—A—X2 (VII), in which X2 is a leaving group, and either further reacting the compound thus obtainable, of the formula (IV), for example according to method a2), or b2) reacting it with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof, if appropriate in the presence of a basic or

Abstract: N-(Aryl)-2-arylethenesulfonamides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof are useful as antiproliferative agents, including, for example, anticancer agents. They are also useful as radioprotective agents.

Abstract: A three-dimensional prosthesis is described in the shape of a body part comprising at least one three-dimensional matrix having an essentially fibrous or porous structure and containing a hyaluronic acid derivative, said prosthesis, contains at least two of said three-dimensional matrixes, the first of said three-dimensional matrixes incorporating or being adhered to the second and possible further matrixes, said three-dimensional matrix(es) optionally inicorporating and/or being adhered to a bidimensional perforated matrix and containing a hyaluronic acid derivative. This prosthesis is used for reconstruction of human or animal body part.

Abstract: Aminoguanidine and alkoxyguanidine compounds, including compounds of the formula: wherein X is O or NR9 and R1-R4, R6-R9, R11, R12, Ra, Rb, Rc, Y, Z, n and m are set forth in the specification, as well as hydrates, solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that inhibit proteolytic enzymes such as thrombin are described. Also described are methods for preparing the compounds of Formula I. The novel compounds of the present invention are potent inhibitors of proteases, especially trypsin-like serine proteases, such as chymotrypsin, trypsin, thrombin, plasmin and factor Xa. Certain of the compounds exhibit antithrombotic activity via direct, selective inhibition of thrombin, or are intermediates useful for forming compounds having antithrombotic activity.

Abstract: A method for treating circadian rhythm disorders is described. The method involves the administration of melatonin, melatonin agonists or compounds that stimulate endogenous melatonin production so that the durations of the effective plasma concentrations of melatonin, melatonin agonists or compounds that stimulate endogenous melatonin production overlap with onset or offset of pre-treatment endogenous melatonin production, to provide a circadian-rhythm phase advance or phase delay, respectively. The methods of the invention also provide for concentration and/or duration of the effective plasma concentrations of melatonin, melatonin agonists or compounds that stimulate endogenous melatonin production to be greater in the time interval between about 8 hours before the dim light endogenous melatonin onset (DLMO) to about 4 hours after DLMO than in the time interval from about 4 hours after DLMO to about 8 hours before DLMO to achieve a circadian-rhythm phase advance.

Abstract: Process technology for selectively isomerizing vinylidene olefin to tri-substituted olefin is described. The vinylidene olefin, normally in admixture with other types of olefins, especially linear 1-olefins, is treated with anhydrous hydrogen bromide under anhydrous conditions and in the absence of molecular oxygen and free radical initiator. The contacting period, which can be a matter of minutes, is sufficient to selectively isomerize the vinylidene olefin to tri-substituted olefin. If the process is conducted properly, little if any hydrobromination occurs.

Abstract: A method of reducing adhesion at a site of trauma includes forming a film from an alginate solution, contacting the film with a cross-linking solution to form a cross-linked mechanically stable sheet, and placing at least a portion of the sheet at the site of trauma. An anti-adhesion barrier includes a sheet of ionically cross-linked alginate having a thickness in a range of 0.25 mm to 10 mm. The sheet has a tear strength sufficient for suturing and repositioning. A drug delivery device includes a cross-linked alginate container that can be filled with a drug.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel HIV protease Inhibitors of formula I as individual isomers, racemates, non-racemic mixtures or mixtures of diastereoisomers; wherein n, R1 and R4 are as described herein. The compounds of formula I are peptide mimetics which act as inhibitors of the HIV aspartyl protease, an essential enzyme in the replicative life cycle of HIV.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide in which the composition of the various process streams is measured via an ultrasonic measuring principle and in which the results of these measurements are used for process control. The process is particularly suitable for continuous measurements in a urea process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for working up an ammoximation reaction mixture, by separating a catalyst from the reaction mixture, removing the ketone oxime product, discharging the water of the reaction, and recirculating a solvent, where the ketone oxime formed is removed in a liquid phase with at least one liquid-liquid extraction in a ternary solvent system.

Abstract: According to the invention, N-butyryl-4-amino-3-methyl-methyl benzoate is obtained in a particularly advantageous manner by, initially, reacting o-toluidine with butyric acid chloride, by brominating the reaction product and by reacting the bromide obtained therefrom with carbon monoxide and methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The invention also relates to the important novel chemical compound N-(4-bromine-2-methylphenyl)-butanamide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemically unmodified hyaluronan product which has a high molecular weight of 9-25 million Daltons and a zero shear viscosity from 0.1 to 30 billion mPa s. This unique product is durable and at the same time viscoelastic, and perfectly compatible within the biocompatible materials, for instance, as a cartilage substitute and as an intervertebral disc. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing of said product.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds of Formula (I) to (VII), and compositions thereof, useful in the treatment of disease states mediated by the chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to small molecules according to the formula [I]: which are potent inhibitors of &agr;4&bgr;1 mediated adhesion to either VCAM or CS-1 and which can be used for treating or preventing &agr;4&bgr;1 adhesion mediated conditions in a mammal such as a human.

Abstract: A series of imidodisulfamide derivatives have been prepared and are useful to treat antiviral infections, especially infections caused by orthopox viruses.