Abstract: A tappet for cam operation as in an engine valve train has a cavity between a cam-contacting surface and the body of the tappet for allowing the cam-contacting surface to deflect theretoward when contacted by the cam, whereby stresses therein are reduced and the cam-contacting surface can be made from a hard, brittle material.

Abstract: In a valve control, at least two valves (16, 17) per cylinder head (11) are actuated in unison by a cross member (18) moved by a rocker arm (13). The rocker arm (13) and a guide member (15) are pivotally connected with the cross member (18) and form a parellelogram for the rectilinear guidance of the cross member (18). The valve clearance compensation and the accurate abutment of the cross member (18) at both valve stems is attained by adjustment of the fixed points of rotation of rocker arm (13) and guide member (15). Adjustable eccentrics are arranged in the points of rotation, which cooperate with at least one automatic adjusting mechanism (28, 30). The eccentricities (23, 26) of the two eccentrics are disposed perpendicular to one another in the starting position. During the entire operating period, freedom from clearance and a constant control geometry are assured for the valve control.

Abstract: The present invention features a valve train for inducing reciprocative motion in a valve which includes a lever pivotally mounted at one end thereof, a rocker arm which engages the lever to define a fulcrum point therebetween, and which engages a valve at one end thereof, a first cam which engages the other end of the rocker arm, a second cam which engages the top of the lever and a mechanism which guidingly interconnects the rocker arm, at a point intermediate of the ends thereof, with the lever for preventing relative slip therebetween and for ensuring that a cam following portion of the rocker arm smoothly follows the first cam.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with an oil pumping system operatively driven from the starter motor which generates normal operating oil pressure prior to combustion. The starter motor is energized with a first, lower level of electrical energy during its precombustion oiling operation and a second, higher level of electrical energy during its engine-cranking operation to conserve electrical energy and facilitate meshing between the starter gear and the engine flywheel.

Abstract: A mechanism for varying the lift and duration of lift of the valves (1) of an internal combustion engine comprises a primary hydraulic cam follower (4) actuated by a primary cam (5), a secondary hydraulic cam follower (8) actuated by a secondary cam (7), a housing (18) for the secondary cam follower (8) adjustable about the axis of the secondary cam (7) so that the timing operation of the secondary cam follower (8) can be varied, characterized in that the bleed of hydraulic oil from the primary hydraulic cam follower (4) is controlled through the secondary cam follower (8) and thereby the rate and timing of lift of the primary cam follower (4) to thus give a variation of the time and rate of opening and duration of opening of the valves (1).

Abstract: A variable valve lift and timing mechanism for an internal combustion engine, including a non-circular secondary cam having a head, with first and second convexly curved surfaces, at a free end thereof operably interposed between and slidably contacting a fixed profile primary cam and an associated valve lifter. The secondary cam is supported at the other end for pivotal movement about a fulcrum point spaced from its head. A control unit varies the position of the fulcrum point as a function of the speed of the engine to thereby vary the amount of lift and the timing of the opening and closing of said valve. The secondary cam is supported on a pivot shaft having a bracket carried on the engine cam for movement of the pivot shaft in and arc concentric with the axis of said cam shaft. The secondary cam head is non-circular and has first and second convexly curved surfaces slidably bearing against the primary cam and lifter respectively.

Abstract: An air-compressing, direct injection internal combustion engine in which the piston is formed with a combustion chamber in the shape of a solid of revolution and a constricted throat opening, and where mixture formation is predominantly by fuel deposition on the walls of the combustion chamber. The function of the internal combustion engine is proposed to be improved so that, by influencing the squish flow occurring as air in inducted into the combustion chamber, improved performance is obtained, especially in the lower and medium speed ranges of the engine. According to the new proposal, this is essentially achieved by forming the throat opening with an oval cross-section, adopting defined fuel jet directions when injecting the fuel, as well as keeping the location of the fuel discharge point within a defined area.

Abstract: A rocker arm assembly for use in the valve train of an internal combustion engine of the type having a fixed rocker shaft for supporting at least one rocker arm and having an axial passage adapted to be in continuous communication with the pressurized lubricant supply of the engine and with at least one radial riser passage extending from the axial passage; the rocker arm assembly including a rocker arm having a hydraulic lash adjuster operatively positioned in a socket provided in an arm thereof and, a hybrid bearing operatively positioned in the rocker arm so as to encircle the rocker shaft over the oil riser passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder (1), a cylinder head (2) a piston (3) with a combustion chamber (4) having a conical side wall (6) tapered at an angle of 30.degree. to 60.degree. toward a throat (7), and injection nozzles (5) for delivering fuel to the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (7) the injection nozzle (5) being disposed eccentrically with respect to the center of the throat (7). An angle .gamma. between projections onto the cross section of the combustion chamber of a pair of adjacently spaced outlets (10 and 11) for delivering fuel to the closest to the injection nozzle (5) portion of the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (4) is 1.8-2.2 times as large as an angle .delta. between the projections onto the same plane of axes of any pair of adjacently spaced outlets for delivering fuel to the farthermost from the injection nozzle (5) portion of the side wall (6) of the combustion chamber (4).

Abstract: A fuel system tester and primer includes a pump for pressurizing a fuel system, a fuel tank adapter, and a conduit for coupling the pump to the adapter. The fuel system tester and primer also includes a pressure release valve for venting excess pressure when a predetermined pressure is reached within the system, and a pressure monitor gauge for detecting pressure changes in a pressurized fuel system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine intake system employing a mixture supply chamber associated with the intake passage. A control valve is disclosed as being located between the mixture supply chamber and the intake passage which is responsively controlled by vacuum within the intake passage through a diaphragm device and by throttle linkage. A resilient link is included in the linkage associated with the throttle to isolate abrupt throttle changes from the control valve. Through these controls, the mixture supply chamber is effectively regulated for employment under advantageous conditions and disablement under other specific conditions.

Abstract: A valve guide arrangement for a valve in a bypass or shunt duct of exhaust gas ducting equipment of naturally induced or supercharged engines, in which arrangement the stem of the valve is caused to slide in a valve guide formed as a bush and fixed rigidly in a housing part and an annular space is provided under the valve guide and surrounding the valve stem and operating as a settling space, this annular space being connected with the bypass or shunt duct by means of an annular gap operating as a throttle and formed by the valve stem and the housing part.The object of this special valve guide arrangement is to prevent valve jamming due to the solid exhaust-gas constituents found in the exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in internal combustion engines requiring positive application for controlling transmitted pulses comprising: a base element mating with the front of the engine and having an inner cavity about a central axis. An overrunning clutch assembly is provided for constantly engaging inner periphery of the base element. As the assembly rotatably surrounds a sleeve, it engages and interconnects the base element and outer periphery of the circular sleeve which is key engaged to and surrounds portion of a crankshaft extending from the front of the engine. An L shaped block has an aperture and is positioned adjacent the base element. A bolt is adapted in the aperture for threadingly engaging the engine, so to removably secure and mate the L shaped block and the base element together and with the front of the engine, whereby a positive constant effective unit is formed.

Abstract: A recoil starter for internal combustion engines utilizing a rope rotated cranking pulley wherein pulley mounted dogs engage on engine cranking cup when extended. Dog positioning is controlled by an operator, and the dogs are spring biased and shaped to function as detents to maintain the operator in the dog retracting position preventing inadvertent dog extension due to vibration. Additionally, the starter incorporates a skirt for retaining the rope within the pulley rope groove, and the configuration of the starter reduces resistance to engine cooling air flow.

Abstract: A rocker arm adapter for use in the timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The adapter is a method for altering the cam profile of the exhaust valve of the engine with respect to the intake valve. It includes a fluidic delay device mounted in either the first end or the second end of the rocker arm. The delay device includes a piston which is allowed to move various distances in a cavity formed in the rocker arm, the distance being directly related to the speed of movement of a push rod member. As the speed of the engine, and the speed of movement of the push rod, increases, the piston will be allowed to move a greater distance into the cavity so that the delay in actuation of the rocker arm by the push rod is increased.

Abstract: A crankshaft mounted secondary shaking force balancer for multicylinder engines and the like in which eccentrically rotating balance weights carried on the crankshaft and arranged for substantial primary balance are combined in oppositely rotating groups of weights driven by stationary ring or sun gears and associated planetary gears to provide coacting rotating forces that combine to apply directly to the crankshaft a secondary shaking force reciprocating at twice crankshaft speed and available to balance equivalent oppositely directed shaking forces developed by the crankshaft connected moving components of the engine.

Abstract: A single-sleeve valve engine has narrow quasi-elliptic sleeve motion which improves exhaust and intake valving and permits the conversion of standard engine blocks. The sleeve is thick walled, and is molded of low density material which permits significant rounding of the sleeve apertures for better flow, and grooves and rings for oil control, gas leakage reduction, and mass reduction. The sleeve has an extension which projects above the head and is connected to a half-speed crankshaft by means of a connecting rod. This connecting rod is restrained at an intermediate point by a radius rod to obtain quasi-elliptic sleeve motion which has an amplitude approximately half as great circumferentially as axially. In order to minimize emissions, provision is made for swirl, scavenging, multiple spark plugs, and a near ideal combustion chamber shape.

Abstract: The variable valve operating mechanism comprises lower and upper rocker arms. The lower rocker arm is mounted for pivotal movement about a fixed axis and the upper rocker arm is mounted for pivotal movement about a shiftable axis. The free end of the lower rocker arm engages the valve to be actuated and the free end of the upper rocker arm engages various portions of the first rocker arm when the shiftable axis is spaced relatively far from the fixed axis. When the shiftable axis is moved toward the fixed axis, the valve lift starts to increase. By means of a curved cam surface, the duration or time that the valve remains open can be controlled. Provision is made for lubricating parts of the mechanism and provision is also made for adjusting certain parts of the mechanism so as to provide a specified amount of valve lash.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine with at least one combustion chamber produced within a cylinder head or similar device, it being possible to feed a fuel-and-air mixture into said combustion chamber through two inlet valves arranged in the cylinder head and to discharge from the said combustion chamber exhaust gases through two exhaust valves arranged in the cylinder head, with the invention also relating to a method of producing such a combustion chamber by means of a casting process. The invention is characterized in that the combustion chamber (1) consists of four cavities (4,5,6,7) distributed in quadrants with a circular plane forming part of base plane (8) of cylinder head (2), in that each individual cavity (4-7) has a shape which is in the main rotationally symmetrical and in that the cavities (4-7) overlap one another, whereby arc-shaped transitions are formed between cavities (4-7) in base plane (8).

Abstract: A hydraulic lash adjuster has a cylindrical body and a hollow plunger slidably received within the body, with the upper portion of the plunger extending beyond the body and it is provided with a semi-spherical thrust end for sliding engagement with a complementary shaped thrust receiving member. The plunger has an internal oil reservoir supplied with oil at a predetermined pressure and the thrust end is provided with a through bore for the flow of oil therethrough to effect lubrication of the thrust surfaces. A metering valve assembly is positioned in the bore and includes a ball valve operatively received in a cup-shaped valve retainer having a clover-shaped aperture in the base, the ball valve cooperating with this aperture to control oil from the reservoir.