Abstract: A power amplifier is constituted by a complementary pair of one N channel and one P channel unsaturated junction type FET's constructing a single ended pushpull circuit, the N channel FET having a drain connected to the positive terminal of a first dc power source of a predetermined voltage and a source connected via a load to a ground potential, and the P channel FET having a drain connected to the negative terminal of the first dc power source and a source connected via the load to the ground potential.

Abstract: A light source lamp apparatus having a lamp housing envelope with a circular opening and an electrode assembly disposed and sealed within the interior of the envelope about said opening. The electrode assembly includes an electrode support shaft with an electrode mounted about one end and a cylindrical shoulder intermediate the electrode and the other end; a compression ring coaxial with the shaft and positioned in tandem with the shouler to form a seat for receiving an elastometer O-ring intermediate the compression ring and the shoulder; an elastometer O-ring positioned within said seat; pressure control means coupled to said compression ring for compressing the seat and expanding the outer diameter of the O-ring to cause the outer peripheral surface of said O-ring to interface with the interior surface of the envelope and seal said envelope and said O-ring.

Abstract: A power amplifier stage for an audio amplifier is constituted by a complementary pair of one N channel and one P channel unsaturated function FETs forming a single ended pushpull circuit. The stage is energized by a first d.c. power source. The gate potentials of the FETs are controlled by a series of control type constant voltage source comprising a pair of complementary series connected control transistors energized by a second d.c. power source which varies at the same rate as the first d.c. power source. A comparison circuit including a second pair of complementary transistors is connected to a d.c. reference voltage which varies to a smaller level than the first and second d.c. power sources in order to provide a constant quiescent current flowing in the drain circuits of the FETs even if the first and second d.c. voltage levels fluctuate.

Abstract: An automatic transfer oscillator system for frequency measurement using a single sampler is described. Two signals, of frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2, are alternately used to drive the sampler. The two frequencies are sufficiently close by design so that the intermediate frequency signals generated arise from the same harmonic number when sampling a signal of unknown frequency f.sub.x. The resulting average IF output is accurately measured and used to compute the unknown frequency f.sub.x. Accurate measurement of the average IF output is made possible because the transition between f.sub.1 driving the sampler and f.sub.2 driving the sampler only occurs when the two signals are in phase. As a result, the IF signal transitions are also in phase and spurious signals are not produced. This technique is referred to as phase continuous switching.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for compensating for repeatable error signal components which occur with information components. The method provides for detecting the peak amplitude of an error signal and providing a representation thereof, storing the representation, providing a composite electrical signal having the information and error components, detecting the peak amplitude of the composite signal and providing a representation thereof, and combining the stored error signal representation with the composite signal representation to provide an output signal from which the error signal component has been substantially removed.

Abstract: Several embodiments for determining the state of charge of a cell or battery are disclosed. In accordance with one method of this invention, an A.C. voltage is applied to a cell or battery through a shunt. The phase angle between the A.C. voltage across the battery terminals and the A.C. current through the battery (measured as a shunt voltage) is continuously monitored. This phase angle is converted to an analog voltage which represents the A.C. component that is phase shifted by the impedance of the battery. The impedance and thus the phase angle changes with the state of charge of the battery. The analog voltage can be coupled to a meter that provides a phase angle reading or a state of charge reading. Further, the analog voltage can be used to control charge and discharge circuitry. In accordance with a second method, the state of charge of a battery is determined by taking phase angle readings based on input and output A.C. voltages.

Abstract: Digital apparatus employing a direct frequency synthesizer for accurately measuring the phase difference between a received signal and a phase reference signal by calculating a coarse value based on the synthesizer's internal clock and subtracting therefrom a correction based on triangular relationships in the vicinity of the received signal's actual zero crossing point.

Abstract: A mercury vapor lamp is rendered substantially independent of the thermal environment by connecting each sealed end to a heat sink which is maintained at below 100.degree.C and located sufficiently close to the sealed ends to hold the seal temperature to below 400.degree.C.

Abstract: Different species of catoptric lens arrangements are shown, each one of the disclosed species being characterized by use of a quadratic conic mirror having real or virtual focal points displaced from a lens axis. With a quadratic conic mirror having such a characteristic, the image points of axial, or paraxial, rays are similarly displaced so that aperture blockage may be eliminated and achromatic aberrations may be reduced to such an extent as to make the lens arrangement diffraction limited.

Abstract: An improved filtering circuit connected to the inverting terminal of an operational amplifier having connected in parallel a first resistor and three series capacitors. Two series resistors are connected in parallel with the center capacitor and the junction between the two series resistor is connected to a fixed potential.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp such as a tungsten filament lamp in which the filament is a series of alternate active coil sections and inactive straight sections. The surrounding glass envelope is correspondingly drawn down around the straight sections to reduce the volume of the envelope and to provide mechanical support for the filament.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp includes a structure within the discharge envelope comprising a source of at least one halogen, metal or metal halide to serve as an arc-modifying additive, enclosed in the structure from which it is capable of being released into the discharge envelope upon subsequent treatment, for example on heating or on striking an arc. The structure preferably comprises a hollow carrier body of refractory metal, in which the source of halogen, metal or metal halide is disposed, and may be covered by a closure of porous sintered refractory metal or of fusible metal. The fusible metal may be inert as regards the discharge and may itself affect the emitted radiation characteristics. The structure may constitute one electrode of the lamp, and may also include electron-emissive material. It has the advantage of protecting the additives from the atmosphere and thereby simplifying manufacture of the lamp.

Abstract: A linear amplifier that is able to yield a maximum output voltage substantially greater than the breakdown voltage of the individual amplifying elements used and substantially greater than the voltage of a primary electric energy source that powers the amplifier. The amplifier consists of a plurality of stages connected in cascade, each stage, in turn, controlling the voltage level at which subsequent stages operate.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic element tuned oscillator is located close to a current carrying conductor and is provided with a power supply energizing means. Means are provided for transmitting the information carried by the electro-magnetic wave from an extra high voltage potential tuned oscillator to a receiving means at ground level together with frequency measuring means. A frequency discriminator converts the received signal frequency variations into an output signal which is an analogue of the current flowing in the extra high voltage conductor. The output signal from the tuned oscillator can be transmitted either through free space or a dielectric wave guide, which provides the necessary isolation between the extra high voltage conductor and the receiver.

Abstract: The tester does not require any external power source as it derives its energy from the pulse being measured. It includes circuitry which produces a signal proportional to the energy without directly calculating the energy. This is accomplished by generating a current portional to E.sup.2 with a diode network and then integrating the current in a capacitor thus indirectly measuring the true energy. The results are read directly upon a linear meter or can be connected to an oscilloscope or the like for inspection or recording. A bridge rectifier can be used so that the circuit is responsive to both polarities of input pulse or it can be made responsive only to the unipolar signal.

Abstract: A spark gap switch having a central electrode positioned within an annular electrode in a dielectric liquid or saturated vapor flow line, with coaxial or parallel plate electrical connections to said electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor defect monitoring structure employs a series of electrically testable serpentine stripe patterns having different widths and spacing in order to determine the distribution of the density of defects by size. Metal stripe patterns are superposed and rotated 90.degree. with respect to diffusion stripe patterns in a semiconductor wafer. A set of four field effect transistor devices are connected to each stripe pattern in such a way that tests may be made for all defects without interference between adjacent patterns. The defect monitoring structure helps to determine defects such as opens in diffusion and metallization, shorts in metallization, shorts in diffusion, pinholes in a thin oxide, and pinholes in a thick oxide.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided with front and rear boards each having a plurality of electrode members, respectively. The front and rear boards are spaced apart to define a discharge space filled with an ionizable gas. The front board is equipped with a front glass plate including a fluorescent or phosphorescent element set on its inside surface, and a central plate having a number of holes therethrough. The electrode members of the front board are affixed by a coating to an inside surface of the central plate. The fluorescent or phosphorescent elements are placed at the rear of the electrode members on the central plate.

Abstract: Schemes for generating tunable coherent radiation by light mixing wherein input light radiation from one or more lasers is mixed in a nonlinear solid or a gaseous medium by using folded noncollinear geometry.

Abstract: To permit high density of light output, for example in the order of 400kW.sup.3 required to stimulate lasers, the arc is stabilized by generating the arc inside a transparent tube, the inner surface of which is covered with a film of liquid, such as water, or an aqueous metal salt solution, the liquid being supplied through one electrode secured in a rotatable holder to which the tube is attached, to a rotatable receiver holder in which the other electrode is located, the liquid then draining away. Rapid rotation of the tube adheres the liquid by centrifugal force to the inner surfaces of the tube.