Abstract: A method is provided for fluidizing and vaporizing particulate solid coating reactants by first establishing a fluidized bed of dispersed particulate solid coating reactants and thereafter drawing a volume of fluidizing gas and suspended particulate solid coating reactant to a vaporizer while mixing an additional volume of gas therewith and then vaporizing the dispersed particulate solid coating reactant in the reactant-gas mixture. The reactant-gas mixture is then directed into contact with a substrate to be coated in order to deposit a film thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of protecting devices designed for the galvanization of metal products, in particular for the galvanization of continuous drive cylinders used when galvanizing sheet on a single surface. A surface layer of the cylinders is coated with one or more oxide, one or more silicate, one or more zirconate, one or more mixed inorganic compound. Examples of the oxides include Mg, Ca, etc. Examples of the silicates include Al etc. Examples of the zirconates include Mg etc. Examples of the mixed inorganic compounds include serpentines, amphiboles, silicon carbide. The oxides are applied directly to the cylinder surface to be formed "in situ", for example, by heating in air to approximately 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Ferrous metal or titanium or aluminum is coated with a mixture of phosphoric acid, chromic acid and magnesium salts of these acids, as well as with aluminum flakes, or coated with a mixture of aluminum flakes and magnesium chromate or dichromate, to provide after baking excellent resistance to attack. Aluminum-silicon alloys containing about 10 to about 15 weight percent silicon give better results than ordinary aluminum, particularly when the aluminum is in powder form; and when coated products are given a burnishing treatment. Very good masking for pack diffusion aluminizing or chromizing on any metal to keep portions from being diffusion coated is effected by localized coating, the lowest layer of which is depletion-reducing. The upper coating layer can be of non-contaminating particles like nickel or Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 that upon aluminizing or chromizing become coherently held together to form a secure sheath. Such sheath can also be used for holding localized diffusion-coating layer in place.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, for depositing a passivate film of improved clarity and hardness and to impart improved corrosion resistance thereto. The solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent, a bath soluble and compatible organic carboxylic acid or metal salts thereof present in an amount to impart increased initial hardness and improved clarity to the passivate film and at least one additional metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanide mixtures as well as mixtures thereof. The treating solution may optionally further contain halide ions and a wetting agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for boronizing pieces made of metal or cermet and to surface-boronized pieces. The pieces are placed in a chamber at between 850.degree. and 1,150.degree. C. and they are subjected, in the presence of boron carbide, to a gaseous stream of trifluoroboroxole (BOF).sub.3. The boron carbide is advantageously pulverulent and out of contact with the pieces to be boronized.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preserving a planographic printing form which is ready for printing. In the process, the planographic printing form is treated with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, film-forming high-molecular weight organic compound and a hydrophilizing acid and is then dried. The hydrophilizing acid used is an organic phosphonic acid, in particular polyvinyl phosphonic acid, preferably in a concentration from 0.05 to 10 percent by weight. As the water-soluble, high-molecular weight organic compound gum arabic, dextrin or polyvinyl alcohol is appropriately used.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a liquid product to a workpiece includes a pump piston and cylinder unit for pumping the product through a valved outlet orifice, displacement of the piston being adjustable for controlling the amount of product dispensed, the piston being pneumatically operated, and a rotatable turret being mounted on the unit and having a plurality of seats for holding workpieces of different sizes. Liquid product passageways extend from the seats toward the outlet orifice, and one of such passage ways communicates with the orifice in a selected rotative position of the turret.

Abstract: A shaping ferrous metal member used in a metal-working apparatus is heat-treated at about 1,000.degree. C. for several hours in an incompletely burning fuel gas, to provide a burned gas atmosphere composed of 0.5 to 5.0% of CO, 8 to 12% of CO.sub.2, 0 to 0.5% of O.sub.2. A tough iron oxide layer of high quality is tightly deposited with a uniform thickness by said heat-treatment on the surface of shaping metal member which is abrasively contacted by a sliding semifinished metal product. The advantageous effect of this method is that a consumable shaping metal member has a life 2 to 4 times longer than that of a metal member which is conventionally heat-treated in a completely-burning fuel gas.

Abstract: An aqueous coating solution for forming an insulative coating directly on electrical steels and on steels having a mill glass thereon. The aqueous solution comprises an aluminum-magnesium phosphate premix solution and a colloidal silica solution. The premix solution also comprises from about 10 to about 45 parts by weight Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 for every 100 parts by weight H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- calculated as H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 on a water-free basis, from about 5 to about 20 parts of a compound chosen from the class consisting of boric acid, vanadium pentoxide and mixtures thereof per 100 parts H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- calculated as H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 on a water-free basis and additional Mg.sup.++ up to that amount which will go into solution. The colloidal silica solution is present in an amount of from that amount which will form a good glass up to 40 volume percent to provide a coating solution having a premix solution to colloidal silica solution volume ratio up to 1.5:1.

Abstract: An improved tank process for plating aluminum substrates which is especially advantageous for plating porous aluminum castings and, blister-free plated aluminum substrates produced thereby, characterized in that the aluminum piece parts are: (i) emulsion cleaned in a room temperature alkaline cleaner; (ii) immersed in a room temperature dilute acid, inorganic, fluoride salt solution to dissolve heavy oxides and surface silicon while minimizing etching and intergranular attack of the aluminum substrate such, for example, as a porous cast aluminum substrate; (iii) immersed in a room temperature dilute zincate bath for applying a relatively thin zinc protective coating, preferably utilizing a double zincate immersion process with an intermediate prolonged (1-3 min.) nitric acid soak to reduce the zincate deposition rate and to thereby provide improved zincate adhesion; (iv) plated with a non-porous strike applied directly on the zincate protective coating--e.g.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a moving web and for independently controlling the coating's width, thickness and uniformity of thickness along the length of the web. A back-up roller supports the moving web on a portion of the roller's periphery. A stationary and pliant smoothing film is positioned adjacent the exposed surface of the web which is supported by the back-up roller. A coating liquid is metered to the confluence of the web and the smoothing film, the metering rate being selected to produce a desired coating width. A pliant pressure generating means, in the form of a membrane or a force web, holds a length of the smoothing film against the moving web with a static force whose magnitude is selected in accordance with a desired coating thickness. The relative position of the back-up roller and the pressure generating means determines the length of coincidence of the moving web, the coating liquid, and stationary smoothing film.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying photo resist on both surfaces of a semiconductor wafer is disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for spraying water-borne emulsion topcoat finish materials with gloss and clarity equivalent to solvent-based topcoat materials irrespective of ambient conditions. One or more secondary water atomizing sprays are positioned laterally of the primary emulsion spray nozzle to lay down a mist layer underneath or on top or, preferably, both underneath and on top of the emulsion topcoat layer to retard premature coalescence of the emulsion particles thus permitting release of air bubbles entrained in the emulsion film during the spraying process. The water mist spray is preferably not intermingled with the emulsion spray in the space between the spray nozzles and finish surface but kept close enough to the emulsion spray to avoid significant coalescence of the emulsion film before the entrained air bubbles are released.

Abstract: A method for fabricating superior ohmic contacts in a III-V semiconductor wafer by virtue of double donor (or double acceptor) impurity complex formation. A typical III-V, e.g., GaAs, semiconductor device is fabricated by depositing a thin Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 layer and then regions are opened, by photoresist methods, upon which ohmic contacts are to be made. New resist is applied over the wafer and the ohmic contact regions are again opened. Si ions are now implanted to form the active channel and the drain and source regions (in an FET device). The resist layer is removed, a layer of Ge is laid down and a layer of Se over the Ge. The Ge layer is coated with a layer of SiO.sub.2, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 or a mixture of both, and annealed, causing the Ge and Se to diffuse rapidly into the Si ion implant region. The SiO.sub.2, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and excess surface Ge and Se is now removed.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrostatically coating an elongated object of indefinite length which is aligned with the straight line path of the elongated object in a continuous manufacturing and finishing process. Electrostatic applicators are mounted to direct the coating into a substantially closed chamber at a portion of the elongated object passing therethrough. To substantially eliminate the explosive hazard occasioned by the use of an organic solvent-based coating material in the presence of electrical equipment, a combustibly inert atmosphere is maintained in the chamber and in an exhaust system leading therefrom. To maintain the electrostatic field, the coating chamber and associated coating equipment must be electrically isolated from ground.

Abstract: A copper barrier type, nuclear fuel cladding is produced by forming an oxide layer on the inner wall surface of a tube of zirconium or zirconium alloy and then applying electroless copper plating to the oxide layer with a solution containing at least a copper salt, a complexing agent, a reducing agent, and 2,2'-dipyridyl, or further together with polyalkylene glycol as a plating solution. A good adhesiveness is obtained between the copper barrier layer and the oxide layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the process of inhibiting corrosion, and to compositions employed therein, which comprises coating copper with a barrier corrosion inhibitor, such as a water insoluble sulfonate, for example a petroleum or similar sulfonate as illustrated by a metal petroleum sulfonate, which contains an agent capable of complexing with copper, such as an organic sulfur, nitrogen, or sulfur-nitrogen compound for example an organic triazole, thiazole or the like. This process is particularly effective in inhibiting the corrosion of copper buried in the earth such as occurs when copper is exposed to electrochemical forces such as when copper is employed as neutral wires wrapped around the outside of an insulated power conducting cable and buried in the earth.

Abstract: A heat storage medium contains (a) a sodium hydroxide in concentration from 60% by weight up to and including the stoichiometric concentration in sodium hydroxide monohydrate, (b) water in concentration from 40% by weight down to and including the said stoichiometric concentration, and (c) 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of tellurium dioxide, all percentages being expressed as percentages by weight of the total weight of sodium hydroxide and water. The tellurium dioxide reduces the tendency of the sodium hydroxide water system to supercool.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process of preparing metal matrix composites which are reinforced by ceramic or graphite fibers, wherein the fibers are pretreated; first by a nickel coating, then by a second coating which is sacrificed when the fibers are ultimately immersed in a liquid metallic bath which becomes the matrix of the composite material formed. Usually the second coating is copper.In addition, a third coating on the fibers comprising a noble metal such as silver may also be used for certain matrix metal materials. Preferably the thickness of the nickel coating is a minimum of 0.5 micrometers and the second sacrificial coating is a minimum of 0.5 micrometers. After the fibers have been coated with the two or more successive coatings, they are incorporated into a metal matrix composite material by immersion in a molten bath of the desired matrix metal, or by placing the fibers in a suitable mold and casting the molten metal matrix around them, or by other suitable means.

Abstract: In a device for producing from an outlet slot of constant width along its length, a flowing film of liquid with a velocity substantially constant over the length of the slot, a row of passageways, arranged in parallel with each other, connect a supply duct with the outlet slot. In order to reduce the demand for high precision and thus the associated cost of manufacture, the passageways are made of an elongate configuration and with a constant bore diameter along a length which is several times greater than the bore diameter. The restrictions preferably consist of tubes of varying length along the length of the outlet slot and a formula for determining the length of the tubes is given. The use of the device in a fountain applicator for coating webs is also described.