Abstract: In a device for producing from an outlet slot of constant width along its length, a flowing film of liquid with a velocity substantially constant over the length of the slot, a row of passageways, arranged in parallel with each other, connect a supply duct with the outlet slot. In order to reduce the demand for high precision and thus the associated cost of manufacture, the passageways are made of an elongate configuration and with a constant bore diameter along a length which is several times greater than the bore diameter. The restrictions preferably consist of tubes of varying length along the length of the outlet slot and a formula for determining the length of the tubes is given. The use of the device in a fountain applicator for coating webs is also described.

Abstract: Described is apparatus designed for applying enamel slip simultaneously to the internal and external surfaces of a pipe which includes a housing with a rod mounted centrally therein so that a clearance space is formed therebetween. That clearance space measures somewhat more than the thickness of the wall of the pipe under treatment which is to be moved in the clearance space, which is being filled with enamel slip. The clearance space between the housing and the rod measures at least 1.5 times the thickness of the pipe wall.In one of the embodiments of the invention, the housing and the rod are of cylindrical shape.The housing is provided with an enamel circulation system which includes a pump communicating with the housing and a reservoir via pipelines. The reservoir is filled with enamel slip and is provided with a thermoregulator.

Abstract: A gas wiping die for wiping wire issuing from a molten metal coating bath is provided with critical parameters with respect to the die angle, the length and thickness of the die orifice and the relationship of the sides of the orifice, the throat diameter of the die and the height above the molten bath surface. The thickness of molten coatings on wire wiped with the combined die can be very accurately controlled by changes in wiping gas pressure.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces are imparted to non-conductive or dielectric substrates by an electroless (chemical) coating process comprised of coating the surface of the substrate with colloids of catalytic non-precious metals wherein the metals are either part of an alloy or in the elemental state or a compound and wherein the colloidal suspension further comprises antioxidant as to minimize the surface oxidation of the colloids and are further admixed in a manner resulting in good colloidal stability.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for use in the preservative treatment and/or drying or coloring of wood. The apparatus consists of an enclosed vessel which is divided into two chambers by an intermediate wall portion. Wood to be treated is placed in one chamber in a treatment liquid, with the liquid passing into the second chamber by passing over said intermediate wall portion.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous zinc-containing coating solution containing about 0.4 to about 1 g/l of zinc, about 5 to about 40 g/l of phosphate, about 2 to about 5 g/l of chlorate, and about 0.01 to about 0.2 g/l of nitrite, and useful for forming on metal surfaces zinc phosphate coatings that exhibit excellent adhesion to a paint film and excellent corrosion resistance after painting when used as an undercoat for the cationic electrodeposition of a paint film, and a process for applying coating composition, including continuous spray or intermittent spray.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition provides improved corrosion resistance to a metal, e.g., ferrous, zinc or aluminum surface upon contact. The composition contains dissolved hafnium and/or zirconium, fluoride, preferably a vegetable tannin compound, and optionally phosphate ions.

Abstract: A process and method for the formation of novel colloidal catalytic electroless plating compositions comprising the admixture of at least one primary colloid stabilizer which otherwise renders the colloidal dispersion highly stable however weakly active with at least one secondary colloid stabilizer (or reactivity modifier) thereby activating the colloidal dispersion to a more active state when used in the catalytic treatment prior to electroless (chemical) plating.

Abstract: An apparatus for granulating and/or coating particles in a spouted bed having a cylindrically shaped enclosure surrounding and extending upward from a downwardly converging frustoconical structure connected to a gas flow conduit. A downwardly inclined flange extends from the walls of the cylindrical portion to overlap the top of the frustoconical part defining an annularly extending gap therebetween for allowing finished granules to exit therethrough.

Abstract: A color change system for spray coating apparatus is characterized by two pumps, each of which is connectable with a selected color of coating material for providing the same to spray coating apparatus. The arrangement is such that the pumps alternately supply different colors of coating material to the coating apparatus, and when one of the pumps is supplying material the other is being cleansed of previously supplied material. In this manner, one pump is always clean and ready for supplying a newly selected color of material, so that any number of different colors of coating material may be provided to the coating apparatus with minimum numbers of pumps, e.g., two pumps. In one embodiment the color change system is used with automatic spray coating apparatus, and in another with manual or hand held coating apparatus.

Abstract: A method for making a selective absorption film for solar energy which comprises immersing aluminum or its alloy in water which contains at least two members selected from phosphate ions, fluoride ions and triethanolamine, and optionally ions of a metal selected from copper, iron, cobalt, silver and a mixture thereof thereby forming a chemical conversion film which shows a great absorptivity and a small emissivity.

Abstract: A device for introducing a gaseous flow stream in an apparatus for granulating and coating particles in a spouted bed including a flow directing structure located between the spouted bed containing portion of the device and the gaseous flowstream feeding portion. The flow directing structure directs the gaseous flow stream in the upward direction for preventing contact and agglomeration of particles in the vicinity of walls of the device.

Abstract: A liquid composition for phosphating metal surfaces is disclosed which composition containsa major amount of methylene chloride,a phosphating proportion of phosphoric acid,water in an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid,an aliphatic solvent which has an alcohol function, contains less than six carbon atoms and is present in an amount sufficiently high for the phosphoric acid and water in the methylene chloride to be solubilized to a homogeneous, liquid phase, andan agent for improving the structure of the phosphate coating, characterized in that said agent is a surface active substance of the anionic or amphoteric type. The surface active substance is employed in the amount of about 0.01 to 1% by weight.

Abstract: A selective absorber of solar energy employing an aluminum alloy sheet as a substrate on which a chemical conversion coating is initially formed. The coating is thereafter heat-treated into an oxidized, dark-colored coating of selective solar absorption nature. Also disclosed is a process for producing the absorber. The process comprises a chemical conversion treatment step for formation of the initial coating, and a high-temperature oxidation treatment step for final formation of the selective coating. The latter step includes preventing atmosphere in the vicinity of the substrate surface from circulating.

Abstract: A method of fabricating deep grooves having submicron widths in a semiconductor substrate. A pattern of submicron oxidation masking elements formed on the substrate surface serves as an oxidation mask for a thick oxide layer. After forming the oxide layer, the insulating elements are removed to form a pattern of submicron width openings in the oxide extending to the substrate. A selective anisotropic dry etch is then used to form deep, narrow grooves in the substrate conforming to the pattern of openings which are filled with an insulating material formed by thermal oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, or a combination thereof. This process is used to provide deep dielectric isolation between active areas in high density integrated circuits.

Abstract: A method and composition are described for preparing metal surfaces, especially zinc, for receiving an electrically conductive coating, the preparatory composition being an aqueous solution containing about 2 to about 25 weight percent of the mixture of salts of heavy metals, an oxidizing agent, and a mineral acid. The preparatory coating has utility in battery manufacture.A preferred preparatory coating composition for zinc-base surfaces is a solution comprising about 0.1 to 2.5 weight percent salt of a heavy metal such as ferric nitrate, about 0.01 to about 3.5 weight percent of an oxidizing agent such as sodium or potassium persulfate, about 2 to about 20 weight percent of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid (98%) or phosphoric acid (75%), and the remainder water. Another preferred preparatory coating composition for metal surfaces including zinc and zinc-base alloys is an aqueous solution consisting of about 0.1 to 2.5 weight percent salt of a heavy metal, about 0.01 to about 3.

Abstract: In a method of forming an insulating film on the surface of a silicon substrate, a silicon nitride film is formed on such surface by direct thermal nitridation. The nitridation is initially in an ambient gas of nitrogen whereby a comparatively thick silicon nitride film is formed. The ambient gas is then changed to ammonia or a mixture of an inert gas and ammonia to densify the silicon nitride film. The resultant film is useful as an insulating film in semiconductor devices, masks for impurity diffusion and selective oxidation in the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A surface protection for a hot-tinning system or soldering system particularly useful for the air jets of the system characterized by the surfaces of the parts, which come into contact with the solder during the process, being provided with a non-metallic, heat resistant layer. The layer, which preferably has a thickness range of between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, may be an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic layer, which is preferably applied by a plasma spraying process, or may be a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. It is further desireable that the surface, which is to be protected by the heat resistant layer, is provided as a sand blasted surface which has been provided with an adhesion layer consisting of Ni-Mo-Al alloy.

Abstract: A selective absorber of solar energy using an aluminum alloy sheet as a substrate on which a chemical conversion coating is initially formed. The coating is subsequently oxidized into a dark-colored coating of selective solar absorption nature. Also disclosed is a process which comprises a chemical conversion treatment step for formation of the initial coating, and a high-temperature oxidation treatment step for final formation of the selective coating for solar energy absorption.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of coating a metal surface with zinc and iron phosphate crystals for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance by means of a buffered zinc phosphate solution containing zinc dihydrogen phosphate and a monovalent, alkali metal salt of phosphate in proportions such that a fine, horizontal crystal structure consisting of tertiary zinc phosphate, zinc ferrous phosphate and other crystals of zinc ferrous phosphate is formed on the metal surface. The invention also relates to this composition.