Abstract: A heavy load radial tire is disclosed, wherein a sub-carcass layer having a cord angle substantially equal to that of a carcass layer is disposed on the carcass layer, and at least one belt layer whose cords cross at right angles the cords of the sub-carcass layer is disposed on the sub-carcass layer.

Abstract: In a pneumatic radial tire for motocross, since only the central portion of the tread is in contact with a ground in the ordinary travel, a peculiar stress is generated at one end of the belt layer due to the directional relationship between the inclination direction of the outermost belt layer and the tire rotational direction, thus resulting in cracks in the outermost belt. To overcome this problem, the tire is covered with an auxiliary layer of textile cords arranged perpendicular to the belt outer layer cords on one side of the belt where compressive stress is produced, in order to reinforce the belt.

Abstract: To prevent tire unbalanced abrasion, that is, tire unbalanced rigidity between the acute angle corners and the obtuse angle corners of blocks forming a tire tread pattern, without decreasing the tire drainage and increasing tire pattern noise, block side walls extending along the main circumferential grooves are sloped down to the bottom of the main grooves in such a way that an inclination angle between the tread surface normal line and the block side wall increases gradually from the obtuse angle corners of the blocks to the acute angle corners thereof. Preferably, the inclination angle is 8 degrees at the obtuse angle corner and 25 degrees at the acute angle corner on the wide main circumferential groove, and 7 degrees at the obtuse angle corner and 13 degrees at the acute angle corner on the main circumferential grooves adjacent to the wide main groove.

Abstract: A heavy duty pneumatic bias tire having a thick case gauge is disclosed, which comprises a carcass of a bias structure composed of a plurality of carcass plies each containing organic fiber cords and a plurality of bead rings spaced from each other in each of bead portions of the tire, both end portions of a plurality of the carcass plies being turned-back around each of the bead rings from the inside to the outside of the tire. In the tire of this type, the ends of the carcass plies turned-back around the bead rings except the axial innermost bead ring are positioned in the outside of the region "C" between the planes "A" and "B" in each of sidewall portions of the tire.

Abstract: A vacuum chuck for securely holding integrated circuit hybrid package substrates in fixed relationship to an X/Y table that is subjected to severe repeated lateral acceleration and decceleration forces to prevent appreciable lateral displacement of the package substrate relative to the X/Y table. A plurality of shallow, closed loop grooves are disposed in the chuck. A resilient O ring is disposed in each groove and normally extends a small but precise amount above the surface of the base. A vacuum path opens into each region circumscribed by an O ring. When a package substrate is positioned on an O ring and the vacuum then is applied, the O ring is compressed, causing the sides of the O ring to tightly engage the walls of the groove, preventing the O ring from "rolling" in the groove as a result of lateral acceleration and decceleration forces on the package.

Abstract: In order to maintain a pneumatic tire in an operational state after the tire has been deflated, a combined structure is embedded within the crown portion of the tire to resist compressive forces encountered when the tire is deflated. The combined structure includes a prestressed coil located adjacent coaxially spaced band segments. Radial plies are present in the tire to transmit compressive forces from a ground contact area to the combined structure which resists the compressive forces successfully.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel on which can be mounted a pneumatic tire which essentially includes rubber or rubber-like synthetic material, and has a carcass with load-carrying cords which are anchored in the bead regions of the tire via inextensible core rings. The wheel has a rigid rim with laterally outwardly disposed rim flanges; disposed axially inwardly of these rim flanges on the radially outer side of the rim are seating surfaces for the tire. To minimize disrupting effects on the tire tread, while at the same time improving the emergency operating conditions, a support member is disposed axially inwardly of the seating surfaces on the rim. This support member has a diameter which is greater than the diameter formed by the rim flanges. In the region of a given rim flange, the tire wall extends laterally outwardly from a given core ring in a substantially flat manner, and in particular in an angular range of from 0.degree. to 20.degree. relative to the axis of rotation of the tire.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for retreading a tire includes a mold segment (14) having open ends (16) and (18). A tire carcass (10) has a layer of uncured rubber (12) built up on the surface thereof. The mold (14) is disposed therearound with ribs (20) resting on the surface thereof. A semi-flexible cap (24) is disposed over the ends (16) and (18) which are separated by a gap (20). An elastic strap (26) is then wrapped about the assembly to secure the mold (14) to the built up tire carcass (10). An envelope (28) is then wrapped about the assembled tire carcass (10) to provide a radially inward force thereto. The whole assembly is then cured in a curing oven.

Abstract: A radial carcass, belted tire (10) comprises an overlay ply (18) which provides the tire with high speed endurance without adversely affecting the uniformity of the tire. The overlay ply (18) comprises textile reinforcing elements consisting of successively aligned cord sections (21) arranged in parallel rows. Each cord section has a length which is comprised between 1/4 and 1/2 of the corresponding circumferential development of the tire. The cord sections (21) in each row have substantially equal length and are separated by interruptions (22) of a width such that the total width of the interruptions per circumferentially extending row of cords is less than 4% of the corresponding circumferential development of the tire.

Abstract: In a pneumatic radial tire for heavy duty vehicles having a pair of bead portions, each of the bead portions comprises at least first, second and third chafer plies disposed around the carcass. The third chafer ply has a cord angle larger than those of the first and second chafer plies. The first, second and third chafer plies have a first chafer height h.sub.1 measured in the radial direction from a laterally outward and radially outermost end of the first chafer ply to a heel point at which a bead base of the bead portion and a flange portion of a rim having mounted the bead base thereon are intersected with each other, a second chafer height h.sub.2 and a third chafer height h.sub.3, respectively. The carcas has a fold-back height H measured in the radial direction from a radially outermost end of the fold-back portion thereof to the heel point, the first, second and third chafer heights h.sub.1, h.sub.2 and h.sub.

Abstract: A radial motorcycle tire comprising a ground contacting tread region reinforced between its edges by a breaker structure and having a substantially curved profile in the radial cross-section of the tire, a pair of tire beads each reinforced by a substantially inextensible bead reinforcement hoop and a tire sidewall disposed between each tread edge and bead region tire wherein each sidewall is reinforced by not more than two mutually contacting layers of carcass ply reinforcement for at least 80% of the length of the sidewall from the tread edge to the bead hoop with no other reinforcement fabric component being provided such that the said 80% or more of the sidewall is substantially flexible. The sidewall preferably contains virtually no apex strip and is also short, i.e. less than 35% of the tire sectional height (H).

Abstract: For assembling tires on a tire building drum, the two opposite ends of at least some of the successive superimposed layers of elastomeric material constituting the tire are secured to the drum and spliced together by means of an automatic splicing device, a concave-surface roller of which is moved parallel with the axis of the tire building drum, by virtue of a driving device, and into contact with the outer surface of the tire building drum, by virtue of an actuating device.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel has at least two pneumatic tires mounted side by side on a single rim. When the weight of the vehicle is applied to the wheels, the pneumatic tires are slightly deformed in the lower portion of their circumference, their facing side walls coming to bear one against the other. In the upper portion of their circumference, the pneumatic tires remain separated from one another. This provides the best possible cooperation of the pneumatic tires, completely avoiding the overheating thereof and improving the road-holding of the vehicle and the adhesion of the wheels on a slippery road surface.

Abstract: A high performance passenger tire features improved bead assemblies. The bead assemblies include a split ply formed of two short insert plies of rubberized steel cords bent around the bead cores with their inside ends extending radially outwardly from the bead cores a distance greater than the distance from their outside ends to the bead cores. The cords of the insert plies form low angles with respect to the circumferential center line of said tire. The bead assemblies have extended utility when utilized in high performance belted radial pneumatic tires.

Abstract: A process for etching a glass surface employing a mask film comprising a porous support layer having a resist area impervious to a glass etchant composition and non-resist areas pervious to the glass etching composition. The glass surface to be etched is cleaned and wetted with a basic aqueous solution. The backside of the mask is applied to the wetted glass surface and squeeged thereon to form a film of the basic aqueous solution to detachably secure the mask to the glass surface. The glass etchant composition is applied to the face of the mask to cover all the non-resist areas to etch the underlying glass. After the glass has been etched to the desired degree, the mask together with substantially all of the glass etchant composition is removed from the glass surface. The surface of the glass is then washed with the aqueous basic solution to remove any residual glass etchant composition.

Abstract: To improve the durability and the riding comfortableness of a pneumatic safety tire having at least one carcass ply, at least one belt layer, and a pair of crescent-shaped cross-section reinforcing layers, each of the reinforcing layers comprises a higher elastic rubber layer with a hardness of 70 to 85 in Shore A and an elastic modulus of 25 to 60 kg/cm.sup.2 and an anticrack rubber layer with a hardness of 55 to 70 in Shore A and an elastic modulus of 10 to 30 kg/cm.sup.2. The maximum thickness of the reinforcing layer is preferably 4 to 12 mm. Load applied to the tire during run-flat travel is supported mainly by the higher elastic rubber layer, and crack generation due to tire deformation is reduced by the presence of the anticrack rubber layer.

Abstract: A tire building machine that allows for free axial movement of positioned beads towards a tire drum during expansion of the tire drum. The axial movement of the bead is effected by a rubber sleeve that envelops the tire drum and a pair of bead carrier assemblies, each one located axially outwardly of the drum. Subsequent to positioning the bead in a tire building process, the beads are locked into place by means attached to each of the bead carrier assemblies. Expansion of the drum causes the sleeve to effect inwardly axial movement of the bead carrier assemblies toward the drum carrying the tire beads towards the drum, and retraction of the drum causes outwardly axial movement of the bead carrier assemblies away from the drum.

Abstract: A pneumatic bias tire for use on rough road is disclosed, having a carcass with an improved durability. The carcass composed of not less than twelve carcass plies toroidally extending from a tread to sidewalls wherein rubber sheets are interposed between carcass plies of at least the outermost and the innermost bundles each of which comprises at least two carcass plies, the bead side ends and the tread side ends of the rubber sheets being terminated in specific regions, respectively to provide rubber material having an increased thickness between carcass plies so that the rigidity of carcass at the sidewall portion subjected to large compression strain and at the turned-back ends of carcass plies subjected to shearing strain is improved.

Abstract: Coextrusion from rubber of hollow tubular structures with filament reinforcement provides composites which can be formed into spliceless bodies for pneumatic tires. The composites can be formed from one, two, three or more rubber stocks and have portions or layers which can form the body plies, sidewalls, innerliners, stabilizer ply inserts and, optionally, abrasion gum strips of tire bodies. Tires made from the bodies formed from coextruded composite structures of this invention are seamless and more uniform than those made from convention tire structural components.

Abstract: Method and device for sealing thermoplastic material. A support plate (16) supports sheets (29, 31) of the thermoplastic material, and a heat element (18) is provided adjacent thereto. A pressure plate (20) mates with the support plate and includes recess means (24) for receiving the heat element means. A confined melt zone (35) is formed between the heat element and the pressure plate (or the recess means) when they are in mating relationship. The confined melt zone serves to confine the melted thermoplastic material to form a good seal by relieving stress between the seal and the seal-material interface. The heat element and recess means are manufactured as interchangeable dies in different sizes and shapes for different materials. The heat element may be formed into different shapes, such as a glove for manufacturing gloves.