Abstract: Some embodiments of this disclosure include apparatuses and methods for supporting integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks. IAB nodes may be configured to broadcast in-raster and off-raster synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for establishing communications with mobile devices and/or user equipment (UE). The SSBs may provide control resource set (CORESET) data used for establishing a communication channel between a UE and an IAB node. The CORESET data may be configured to support the broadcast of off-raster SSBs in wireless communication systems. In some embodiments, the in-raster SSB and the off-raster SSB may share the same CORESET. In this case, the IAB may modify a bit pattern of configuration table corresponding to the shared CORESET and broadcast the in-raster SSB and the off-raster SSB while including the modified bit pattern.

Abstract: A wireless communication characteristics evaluation method for evaluating wireless communication characteristics of a wireless communication system where a plurality of wireless communication terminals perform communication by transmitting or exchanging signals, the wireless communication characteristics evaluation method including: a step 1 of acquiring power and a band of an interference signal; a step 2 of calculating an interference band rate showing a rate of the band of the interference signal that overlaps with a band of a desired signal; a step 3 of calculating an interference power rate from interference power and the interference band rate and furthermore, calculating steady noise power from the interference power and the interference power rate; a step 4 of determining a real SINR from received power of the desired signal and the steady noise power; and a step 5 of determining wireless communication characteristics of the desired signal from the real SINR.

Abstract: Provided are a terminal and a method of accessing an access point (AP) by the terminal, in a wireless communication system. The method includes determining whether to maintain access to a currently accessed radio channel, based on load information of a currently accessed AP, determining a radio channel to be accessed, based on the load information of the AP near the terminal and channel interference information, and accessing the determined radio channel.

Abstract: In a wireless communication terminal in a wireless communication system for performing a control not to transmit signals, or to transmit signals with a reduction in a transmission power by a part of radio resources for a downlink signal in a cell provided by a base station, the terminal receives control information in generating a report related to a measurement result of the cell provided by the base station, monitors a state of a radio link with an own cell, and performs measurement on reception of the downlink signal. If an instruction for restricting the measurement to a part of the radio resources is included in the control information from the base station after the radio link failure occurs, the terminal generates and transmits a radio link failure report including the measurement result in the radio resources as instructed when the radio link failure occurs.

Abstract: A method (300) performed in a network node is disclosed for enabling ProSe operation for a wireless device on a non-serving carrier. The network node serves the wireless device on a cell on a serving carrier. The method (300) comprises: determining (310) whether a target cell on a non-serving serving carrier, on which the wireless device is to perform ProSe operation, is known or unknown to the wireless device, and configuring (320, 330) the wireless device with a first gap configuration for the case that the target cell on the non-serving carrier is known to the wireless device, and with a second gap configuration for the case that the target cell on the non-serving carrier is unknown to the wireless device. A method in a wireless device, a network node, a wireless device, computer programs and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an aspect, a wireless device is configured to transmit a physical layer protocol data unit on one or more channels, wherein the physical layer protocol data unit includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes a signal length field indicating a duration of a transmission of the physical layer protocol data unit. The second portion includes a plurality of Wi-Fi sensing fields. The wireless device is configured to receive a reflected signal and a leakage signal associated with the physical layer protocol data unit. The reflected signal includes the physical layer protocol data unit reflected off of a target object. The leakage signal is associated with the physical layer protocol data unit.

Abstract: A user terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a measurement section that performs an L1 measurement by using a given reference signal in a particular frequency band; and a control section that controls data transmission and/or reception on the particular frequency band at a time of the measurement, based on a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of the given reference signal. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, even in a case of performing a measurement other than an SSB measurement, data transmission and/or reception which is simultaneous with the measurement can be appropriately controlled.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to packet header field extraction as defined by a high level language and implemented in a minimum number of hardware streaming parsing stages to speculatively extract header fields from among multiple possible header sequences. In an illustrative example, the number of stages may be determined from the longest possible header sequence in any received packet. For each possible header sequence, one or more headers may be assigned to each stage, for example, based on a parse graph. Each pipelined stage may resolve a correct header sequence, for example, by sequentially extracting length and transition information from an adjacent prior stage to determine offset of the next header. By speculatively extracting selected fields from every possible position in each pipeline stage, a correct value may be selected using sequential hardware streaming pipelines to substantially reduce parsing latency.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting alignment markers in received data streams received via a plurality of data lanes are disclosed. Corresponding data streams may be received via respective data lanes in the plurality of data lanes, where each data stream includes alignment markers delineating data frames, and each alignment marker has a predefined bit pattern. For each respective data lane, a determination is made whether a specified portion of the received data stream has at least a threshold degree of similarity with a portion of the predefined bit pattern. In response to determining, for one of the plurality of data lanes, that the specified portion has at least the threshold degree of similarity, a frame boundary may be determined based on the specified portion, and a verification may be performed, that the specified portion of the received data stream corresponds to an alignment marker.

Abstract: A method including receiving, at a VPN server from a user device during an established VPN connection between the VPN server and the user device, a data request for the VPN server to retrieve data of interest from a host device; utilizing, by the VPN server, a first exit IP address to transmit a query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection; determining, by the VPN server based at least in part on transmitting the query, that the first exit IP address is blocked by the host device; and utilizing, by the VPN server, a second exit IP address to retransmit the query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection is disclosed. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a gateway functioning as the endpoint of a core network in a mobile communication system is provided. The gateway includes a first server configured to receive data from a user apparatus and one or more second servers configured to transfer the data received by the first server to an external network. The control apparatus performs an operation of changing performance of the one or more second servers, an operation of monitoring a processing status of the one or more second servers, and an operation of selecting, from the one or more second servers in accordance with the processing status of the one or more second servers, a second server as a transfer destination of the data received from the user apparatus by the first server.

Abstract: A method including configuring a VPN server to receive, from a user device during an established VPN connection between the VPN server and the user device, a data request for the VPN server to retrieve data of interest from a host device; configuring the VPN server to transmit, to the host device during the established VPN connection, a query to retrieve the data of interest based at least in part on utilizing a first exit IP address; and configuring the VPN server to retransmit, to the host device during the established VPN connection, the query to retrieve the data of interest based at least in part on utilizing a second exit IP address when the first exit IP address is blocked by the host device is disclosed. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: A method including configuring a VPN server to receive, from a user device during an established VPN connection between the VPN server and the user device, a data request for the VPN server to retrieve data of interest from a host device; configuring the VPN server to utilize a first exit internet protocol (IP) address to transmit a query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection; configuring the VPN server to determine, based on transmitting the query, that the first exit IP address is blocked by the host device; and configuring the VPN server to utilize, based on determining that the first exit IP address is blocked, a second exit IP address to retransmit the query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection is disclosed. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: A method and network device for detecting a TCP socket failure is described. A network device may be configured to detect a failure of a link between a first node and a second node, determine one or more transmission control protocol (TCP) sockets of a plurality of TCP sockets on the first node that are communicating over the link between the first node and the second node, write information to a TCP stack for the determined one or more TCP sockets, the information indicating that the determined one or more TCP sockets have an error, and remediate the determined one or more TCP sockets in response to the information.

Abstract: A method including receiving, at a VPN server from a user device during an established VPN connection between the VPN server and the user device, a data request for the VPN server to retrieve data of interest from a host device; utilizing, by the VPN server, a first exit IP address to transmit a query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection; determining, by the VPN server based at least in part on transmitting the query, that the first exit IP address is blocked by the host device; and utilizing, by the VPN server, a second exit IP address to retransmit the query for retrieving the data of interest to the host device during the established VPN connection is disclosed. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: Communication equipment communicating in a licensed frequency band identifies unused unlicensed communication resources within an unlicensed frequency band. The communication equipment uses the identified unlicensed communication resources to communicate within the unlicensed frequency band. In some circumstances, the unused unlicensed communication resources are identified based on resource information received from a base station where the resource information identifies unlicensed communication resources that will be used by the base station. In other circumstances, the unused unlicensed communication resources are identified based on frequency band measurements of the unlicensed frequency band over an observation time duration longer than a sensing time duration used by unlicensed equipment using the unlicensed frequency band.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and access management entity for selecting a session management (SM) entity for serving a wireless communication device (WCD) in a core network that comprises an access management entity serving the WCD and an anchor SM entity that controls a first user plane entity that handles a data session associated with the WCD in a first domain, and a second SM entity for controlling a second user plane entity in a second domain of the core network. The method is performed by the access management entity and comprises selecting—based on WCD information and SM domain information—the second SM entity as an additional intermediate SM entity to control a user plane entity in the second domain for handling the data session in the second domain; requesting the second SM entity to act as the additional intermediate SM; and receiving a session response message.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a gateway functioning as the endpoint of a core network in a mobile communication system is provided. The gateway includes a first server configured to receive data from a user apparatus and one or more second servers configured to transfer the data received by the first server to an external network. The control apparatus performs an operation of changing performance of the one or more second servers, an operation of monitoring a processing status of the one or more second servers, and an operation of selecting, from the one or more second servers in accordance with the processing status of the one or more second servers, a second server as a transfer destination of the data received from the user apparatus by the first server.

Abstract: A self-contained subframe configuration method includes obtaining configuration information of a self-contained subframe of a current frequency band based on a subframe transmission direction of a neighboring frequency band. The self-contained subframe includes a downlink control (DLcontrol) field, a first transmission subframe, a second transmission subframe, a guard period (GP), and an uplink control (ULcontrol) field. The first transmission subframe or the second transmission subframe of the self-contained subframe is transmitted in the same subframe transmission direction used during subframe transmission on the neighboring frequency band. Alternatively, the first transmission subframe or the second transmission subframe of the self-contained subframe is transmitted in a guard period of the neighboring frequency band.

Abstract: Spatial listen before talk (LBT) with broadcasting or multicasting reception is disclosed. Aspects of the disclosure provide for managing spatial LBT transmissions between broadcast communication nodes and neighboring cells. In one aspect, the broadcast transmitter transmits a preamble that identifies the broadcast transmission durations and the non-broadcast durations in the upcoming transmit opportunity. The potential interferer would read the preamble and yield any transmissions during the broadcast durations. Additional aspects provide for a periodic broadcast clear-to-send (CTS) signal transmitted by the broadcast receivers. The interferer may use the broadcast CTS to perform spatial LBT during the broadcast durations. Further aspects allow the broadcast receivers to determine when potential interferers would cause interference above a threshold. In such circumstances, the broadcast receivers would send the CTS to allow the interferer to perform spatial LBT during the broadcast durations.