Abstract: A process and a plant for the continuous conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas into a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the H2/CO molar ratio of the product gases can be varied within a wide range. This is achieved in that at least a part of a methane-rich gas obtained during the fractionation of the raw synthesis gas is admixed to the feed gas mixture, and that in the alternative at least a part of the H2 product gas and/or a fraction of a hydrogen-rich gas increased with respect to the normal operation of the process is admixed to the heating gas mixture, in order to lower the H2/CO ratio, or at least a part of the CO product gas and/or a fraction of a carbon monoxide-rich gas increased with respect to the normal operation of the process is admixed to the heating gas mixture, in order to increase the H2/CO ratio.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to an aspect of the present invention is a method in which a carbon nanostructure is produced between a base body and a separable body while the separable body is relatively moved away from the base body, the base body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent, the separable body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent, the separable body being joined to or in contact with the base body in a linear or strip-like shape. The method includes a carburizing gas feed step, an oxidizing gas feed step, a heating step in which the portion of the base body at which the base body and the separable body are joined to or in contact with each other is heated, and a separation step in which the separable body is relatively moved away from the base body.

Abstract: Processes and methods for modifying the surface of graphitic carbon with covalently bonded chemcial groups and the treated graphitic carbon products of such processes are provided. Additionally, exemplary articles comprising such treated graphitic carbons are provided.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods relating to molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters. In an aspect, described herein are methods of synthesizing molecular cerium-oxide nanocluster compositions and compositions thereof. In an aspect, described herein are methods of scavenging reactive oxygen species utilizing molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters as described herein. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use. Pharmaceutical compositions as described herein can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound (such as a composition comprising one or more molecular cerium-oxide nanoclusters), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods of treating oxidative stress are also described herein, comprising administering pharmaceutical compositions as described herein to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO3) and 0.03-0.3 wt % of an anion or ligand of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or 0.03-0.3 wt % of a mixture of such anions and/or ligands. Also, a method of producing stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO3) in which a rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO3) is treated by applying an aqueous treatment solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or a mixture thereof and the treated rhodochrosite is dried to produce stable rhodochrosite.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic nano-material by thermally treating metal-infused organic polymers to remove the organics to leave an inorganic nano-material where the metal-infused organic polymer precursor may be formed by a polymer synthesis reaction of organic monomers with a metal-containing precursor and by combining a metal containing precursor with at least one organic monomer to obtain a mixture and initiating a polymerization reaction of the mixture to form a metal-infused organic polymer precursor.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing graphene sheets from carbon dioxide gas comprises percolating a gaseous carbon dioxide solution through an aqueous monoethanolamine solution at a low temperature, heating the aqueous monoethanolamine solution to release absorbed carbon dioxide, collecting the released carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide collection chamber having magnesium metal element. The magnesium metal elements are ignited in the presence of carbon dioxide to form magnesium oxide and graphene flakes. The graphene flakes and magnesium oxide are washed with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to form magnesium chloride, water and graphene flakes, which are then separated. The graphene flakes are then exfoliated in an ammonium sulfate solution, separated from the ammonium sulfate solution, and tumbled in a tumble blender for several hours. Finally, graphene sheets are grown from the exfoliated flakes by immersing them in ethanol and applying a current.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets comprises heating a bulk material in a solvent. The process is scalable and can be used to produce solution-processable 2D nanosheets with uniform properties in large volumes.

Abstract: A method of making a carbon foam comprises subjecting a precursor composition comprising an amount of at least partially decomposed lignin to a first pressure for a first time, optionally, while heating the precursor composition to a first temperature; heating the compressed precursor composition to a second temperature for a second period of time while subjecting the compressed precursor composition to a second pressure to further decompose the at least partially decomposed lignin and to generate pores within the compressed precursor composition, thereby providing a porous, decomposed precursor composition; and heating the porous, decomposed precursor composition to a third temperature for a third time to carbonize, and optionally, to graphitize, the porous, decomposed precursor composition to provide the carbon foam. Also provided are the carbon foams and composites made from the carbon foams.

Abstract: There are provided processes for preparing a metal hydroxide comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium and aluminum, the process comprising: reacting a metal sulfate comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium and aluminum with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and optionally a chelating agent in order to obtain a solid comprising the metal hydroxide and a liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate; separating the liquid and the solid from one another to obtain the metal hydroxide; submitting the liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate to an electromembrane process for converting the lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate into lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide respectively; reusing the sodi

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon nanotube fiber and methods for preparing the same. In one embodiment, a method for preparing a carbon nanotube fiber comprises reacting a carbon source in the presence of a catalyst and a catalytic activator to form carbon nanotube aggregates, contacting the carbon nanotube aggregates with graphene oxide, and forming the carbon nanotube aggregates in contact with the graphene oxide into a carbon nanotube fiber.

Abstract: Cu-based nanostructures have excellent catalytic, electronic, and plasmonic performance due to their unique chemical and physical properties. A range of Cu materials including foil, spherical nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanocubes have been explored for catalyzing CO2 electroreduction. However, practical application of the CO2 electroreduction reaction requires Cu catalysts hold a high percentage of exposed surface atoms for improved product selectivity. The present disclosure describes a high temperature reduction method to prepare Cu nanosheets with size range from about 40 nm to about 13 ?m in a hydrophobic system. The purity of trioctyphosphine (TOP) plays an important role for shape-controlled synthesis of Cu nanosheets. The morphology evolution was investigated by adjusting the feeding molar ratio of TOP/Cu-tetradecylamine complex. The Cu nanosheets formed by the methods of the present disclosure have high surface area and stability in solution for more than three months.

Abstract: A process for preparing a graphene nanomaterial product, the process comprising: cavitating a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic hydrocarbon component to synthesise from the diaromatic hydrocarbon component a dispersion of graphene nanomaterial in the liquid medium; and obtaining a graphene nanomaterial product from the dispersion.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube composite structure includes the following steps: dispersing a plurality of carbon nanotubes in water, to form a carbon nanotube dispersion; adding an aniline solution into the carbon nanotube dispersion, to form a mixed solution; adding an initiator into the mixed solution, to form a carbon nanotube composite structure preform; freeze-drying the carbon nanotube composite structure preform in a vacuum environment; and carbonizing the carbon nanotube composite structure preform in a protective gas after freeze-drying. The present application also relates to the carbon nanotube composite structure.

Abstract: Iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites, preparation method and its application in wastewater treatment are disclosed. Bismuth citrate and sodium carbonate as precursors, sodium carbonate as a precipitating agent, dispersed in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, sodium iodide as a iodine source, nano carbon fiber membrane act as the carrier, to synthesis carbon fiber membrane that modified by iodine-doped Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets; then sodium molybdate and thioacetamide as precursors, dispersed in water to react to obtain iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites. The composite material synthesized through a series of steps exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B and can be recycled for many times. And this invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy recovery and multiple use, etc.

Abstract: Graphene is a single layer carbon-based material known for high strength, high flexibility, high electrical conductivity, high surface area, hydrophobicity and barrier property. Introduction of surface functional groups on graphene enhances most of these properties. A facile and economical process to prepare amine and fluoride functionalized graphenes is disclosed. The disclosed processes utilize direct functionalization of pristine graphene without pre-functionalization (GO). Successful functionalization of both aminated and fluorinated graphenes were confirmed by the analyses of FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman, UV-Vis, and dispersion study. Amine functional groups can react with epoxy resin and urethane resin to form a covalent bond, and fluorinated graphene can give high hydrophobicity and durability, therefore both can be applied as a material or a component in polymer and composite coatings for corrosion protection, moisture or gas barriers.

Abstract: A process for preparing a product comprising one or more graphene layers, the process comprising: producing hydrodynamic cavitation in a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic component to synthesise the one or more graphene layers from the diaromatic component.

Abstract: A preparation method and secondary dispersion of monodisperse aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution and its application in cellular biomarking are provided. Preparation method comprise: mixing purified Nanodiamond powder with ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, placing the mixture in a ball mill for dry ball milling, washing the ball-milled mixture with deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and centrifuging to obtain the monodispersed aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution. Secondary dispersion process comprising: drying aminated Nanodiamond colloid solution to obtain aminated Nanodiamond powder, re-dispersing the powder in DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide), deionized water, ethanol, DMF (dimethylformamide) or other solvents with ultrasonic or shearing processing. The aminated Nanodiamond has high yield and good monodispersity.

Abstract: The present application provides a graphite-like crystallite-based carbon nanomaterial, and a preparation method and application thereof. The graphite-like crystallite-based carbon nanomaterial provided by the present invention is a carbon nanomaterial having graphite-like crystallites as structural units, and includes, based on 100 parts by mass of chemical composition, 50-60 parts of carbon, 30-50 parts of oxygen, and 1-3 parts of hydrogen, where the structural units of the graphite-like crystallite-based carbon nanomaterial are the graphite-like crystallites; the size of the graphite-like crystallite-based carbon nanomaterial is 5-10 nm; and the graphite-like crystallite-based carbon nanomaterial is a non-fluorescent carbon nanomaterial.

Abstract: A graphene fabrication method which can obtain graphene of high quality and good characteristics by adjusting a size and a shape of a domain of graphene is provided. The method for fabricating graphene according to the present disclosure includes: a graphene pattern forming step of forming a graphene forming pattern on a graphene growth substrate; and a graphene forming step of forming a graphene layer on the graphene growth substrate having the graphene forming pattern formed thereon.