Abstract: A device for injecting gas into a hot melt, particularly molten metal, is suitable for being installed in the wall, particularly the bottom wall, of the container holding the melt. The device has three main sections includinga front section of refractory material which is resistant to the melt in question, and which has a number of perforations (10) for introduction of gas into the melt,a middle section which at least partly consists of heat conductive material and possesses a number of perforations communicating with the perforations of the front section, anda rear section at least the outer (peripheral) part of which is of heat conducting material, which rear section in or close to its peripheral part has a helical duct communicating with the perforations of the middle section and adapted to pass the gas from an external gas source.

Abstract: A refractory metal substrate suitable for use in contact with molten glass is coated with a chromium oxide outer coating and a molybdenum disilicide buffer coating to protect the substrate from oxidation at elevated temperatures, particularly during start up of an electric furnace.

Abstract: For a molten metal stirring lance a steel tubular member is coated interiorly with wax, for instance, and a refractory material plug is cast in the member. The plug extends from one end of the member and leaves a clear space near the other end. Melting the wax out leaves a thin gas passageway gap around the plug. The end having the clear space is capped and connected to a gas feed pipe which is surrounded by a stiffener member. The latter member is convered with a refractory material protective sheath. The refractory material in the tubular member erodes or ablates by a small amount during each use in molten metal to keep the gas discharge gap clear.

Abstract: In construction of a clad material for ornamental use such as eyeglass frames and watch bands, use of age-hardenable alloy sheath followed by age-hardening enables production of product with light weight, high mechanical strength, excellent workability and good fit to brazing and plating.

Abstract: Plated metal parts, such as sealing lids for semiconductor packages, in which an iron-based alloy layer is electroplated with a first layer of nickel, a first layer of gold is electroplated on the first nickel layer, a second layer of nickel is electroplated onto the first gold layer and a second layer of gold is electroplated onto the second layer of nickel. The resultant plated parts exhibit higher salt atmosphere corrosion resistance than parts plated with a single nickel-gold set. Other metals can be used as the plating layers.

Abstract: An excellently corrosion-resistant titanium-base alloy comprises, all by weight, either from 0.005% to less than 0.2% ruthenium or from 0.005% to 2.0% palladium or both, at least one of from 0.01% to 2.0% nickel, from 0.005% to 0.5% tungsten, and from 0.01% to 1.0% molybdenum, and the remainder titanium and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A zinc- or zinc alloy-hot-dipped, unpainted steel sheet having excellent black tarnish resistance, which has a coating of Ni, Co or a combination thereof deposited in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 mg/m.sup.2 on the zinc or zinc alloy plating layer of the sheet, and optionally a chromate layer on the deposited coating, is provided. The steel sheet is produced by immersing a zinc- or zinc alloy-hot-dipped steel sheet in an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20 g/l of Ni ions, Co ions or a combination thereof to deposit Ni, Co or a combination thereof in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 mg/m.sup.2 on the zinc or zinc alloy plating layer of the sheet, optionally followed by chromating in the usual manner.

Abstract: In an in-line refining vessel (50) having submerged porous plugs (20) for bubbling oxygen through the molten metal, a shroud device (52) to circulate nitrogen around the porous plug (20) and oxygen supply pipe (25).

Abstract: A corrosion resistant duplex plated sheet steel is disclosed, which comprises a sheet steel having on at least one surface thereof a lower layer of Zn base alloy plating and an upper layer thereon selected from a zinc plating having a coating weight of 0.1-5 g/m.sup.2 and a zinc alloy or zinc composite plating having a coating weight of 0.1-10 g/m.sup.2. The ratio of the coating weight of the lower layer to that of the upper layer is at least 1:1 and in the case of upper layer of zinc alloy or zinc composite plating, it comprises, on a weight basis as metal, at least 80% Zn, and one or more additives as Zn corrosion inhibitors selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Sn, Ti, Al, Mg and Si. The duplex plated sheet steel is suitable for coating thereon with an electrophoretic coating composition and exhibits excellent cratering resistance in cathodic electrophoretic coating and excellent cosmetic resistance after painting.

Abstract: A molybdenum-hafnium-carbon alloy is provided consisting essentially by weight of about 0.6% to about 1% Hf, about 0.045% to about 0.08% C, and the balance essentially molybdenum, the alloy being characterized such that during casting of an ingot and hot forging of a billet thereof, it has a substantially less tendency to crack compared to alloys containing Hf in excess of about 1% by weight and carbon in excess of 0.08% by weight, without substantial diminution in strength properties of said alloy at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus including a gas purge brick for metallurgical furnaces and vessels, which is connected with a gas supply pipe on its cold end remote from the interior of the furnace or vessel. Within the gas supply pipe there is centrally arranged a solid metal core which is surrounded by a helix. Optionally, at least the part of the gas supply pipe adjoining the cold brick end is surrounded by a protecting tube filled with a refractory material.

Abstract: A heat recovery and storage system for use in connection with a melting furnace. In such system, heat from the exhaust gas of a melting furnace is recovered and used to preheat scrap metal and to maintain such preheated scrap metal in its preheated form until it is charged into the melting furnace.

Abstract: There is provided a copper alloy which comprises 1.0 to 3.5 wt. % of Ni, 0.2 to 0.9 wt. % of Si, 0.02 to 1.0 wt. % of Mn, 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % of Zn, 0.1 to 2.0 wt. % of Sn, and 0.001 to 0.01 wt. % of Mg, and 0.001 to 0.01 wt. % of one or more members selected from Cr, Ti, and Zr, with the remainder being substantially Cu. The copper alloy is suitable for lead frames for semiconductors and is also suitable for terminals and connectors. The copper alloy is produced by a process which comprises starting cooling from a temperature above 600.degree. C. at a rate of 5.degree. C. per second or higher after hot rolling of an ingot of said copper alloy, performing annealing at a temperature of 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. for 5 minutes to 4 hours after cold working, performing refining finish rolling, and performing annealing at a temperature of 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. for a short time of 5 to 60 seconds.

Abstract: A multi-purpose pyrometallurgical process enhancing device for metallurgical furnaces can be employed in oxy-fuel burner mode for preheating and melting of solid charge, in an oxygen injecting lance mode for decarburization of molten metal in metallurgical furnaces, in particular in melting electric arc furnaces, plasma arc furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces, and in an injector mode for injecting solid materials; the device includes a pivotally mounted water cooled generally arcuate body which can be pivoted into and out of a furnace vessel through a small opening in the shell wall for optimal positioning of the oxy-fuel flame against solid charge, in the burner mode; or injection of oxygen vertically downwardly into the molten metal at supersonic speed, in the oxygen lance mode; in one embodiment the arcuate body can be rotated about its longitudinal axis for directing the oxy-fuel flame towards a cold spot in the furnace; the tip of the arcuate body includes a replaceable, multi-opening nozzle, mounted in a

Abstract: Hardfacing of metal parts employing a thin, homogeneous, ductile foil is disclosed. The hardfacing foil has a composition consisting essentially of 0 to about 32 atom percent nickel, 0 to about 10 atom percent iron, 0 to about 30 atom percent chromium, 0 to about 2 atom percent tungsten, 0 to about 4 atom percent molybdenum, about 5 to about 25 atom percent boron, 0 to about 15 atom percent silicon and 0 to about 2 atom percent manganese and 0 to 5 atom percent carbon the balance being cobalt and incidental impurities with the proviso that the total of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, tungsten and molybdenum ranges from about 70 to 88 atom percent and the total of boron, silicon and carbon ranges from about 12 to 30 atom percent. The ductile foil permits continuous hardfacing of soft matrix, like low carbon and low alloy steels, imparting superior resistance to wear and corrosion.

Abstract: Composite plated steel strips comprising a zinc base layer electrodeposited on at least one surface of a steel strip exhibit excellent corrosion resistance with or without painting provided that the zinc base layer contains 0.1 to 10% by weight of cobalt, 0.05 to 5% by weight of chromium, 0.05 to 8% by weight of aluminum, and optionally, 0.05 to 5% by weight of Si, the balance being zinc. Such composite plated steel strips are prepared by subjecting a steel strip to composite electroplating in an acidic zinc plating bath which contains at least one water-soluble compound of Co.sup.2+ in an amount of 0.3 to 60 g/l of metallic cobalt, at least one water-soluble compound of Cr.sup.3+ in an amount of 0.2 to 2.5 g/l of metallic chromium, a pseudo-boehmite like alumina sol in an amount of 0.5 to 20 g/l of alumina, and optionally, colloidal silica in an amount of 0.5 to 20 g/l of silica of pH 1 or higher and a current density of at least 40 A/dm.sup.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallurgical vessel with a heat shield placed above it and spaced from it by a peripheral air gap. At least one opening is provided in the heat shield through which a probe, lance, or electrode is inserted from the outside into the interior space of the vessel. The heat shield is surrounded by a suction hood placed around the heat shield and opened towards the bottom. The suction hood surrounds the vessel, reaching beneath the peripheral air gap. The air space formed between the heat shield and the suction hood is connected to a suction device. To create a metallurgical vessel of the kind mentioned above which guarantees the effect of suctioning off of the process gases and dust and at the same time provides an effective shield of the ambient air from the molten metal, within the suction hood (1) a partition (3) is placed projecting on the outside from the peripheral gap (2).

Abstract: Articles, such as tubing, which have excellent corrosion resistance to steam at elevated temperatures and to hydriding, are produced from zirconium alloys containing 0.5 to 2.0 percent niobium, up to 1.5 percent tin, and up to 0.25 percent of a third alloying element such as iron, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, nickel and tungsten. The articles are formed by beta-treating the alloy, initially deforming the same at a temperature below 650.degree. C. and further deforming the same through cold working stages also below 650.degree. C., annealing the material between the cold working stages at a temperature between 500.degree.-650.degree. C., and final annealing the same at a temperature below 650.degree. C. to provide articles having a microstructure of fine precipitates of less than about 800 .ANG., homogeneously dispersed throughout the zirconium.

Abstract: Long range ordered alloys are described having the nominal composition (Fe,Ni,Co).sub.3 (V,M) where M is a ductility enhancing metal selected from the group Ti, Zr, Hf with additions of small amounts of cerium and niobium to drammatically enhance the creep properties of the resulting alloys.

Abstract: A gas-permeable element of a refractory material for blowing gases into a metal treatment vessel through its lining has a body of a refractory material, a metal housing on the longitudinal sides of the refractory body, a free inner end surface at which the refractory material is exposed, an outer end surface provided with a gas distributing chamber for a gas supply, at least one local opening extending in the interior of the refractory body for a gas passage between the end surfaces and provided with a metal insert, wherein the metal insert is formed as a laterally closed small channel, the gas-distributing chamber is separated from the refractory material by a metal sheet plate, and the metal channel is tightly mounted in the metal sheet plate so that the refractory material is maintained free from loading with a gas pressure.