Abstract: The novel surfactant compositions are obtained by mixing 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 parts by weight of a specific mixture composed of water and at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant. The said surfactant compositions are concentrated and generally clear liquids which, in particular, have good foaming and wetting characteristics, low surface tension and a low pour point and are versatile by virtue of these particular properties.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to fluorinated chiral liquid crystals that incorporate a cyclohexyl grouping in their structure. They can be used as dopants and lead to mixtures of ferroelectric liquid crystals that have an application in display systems. They meet the following chemical formula. ##STR1## with 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.14 if X=CH.sub.2 Y=--CH.sub.2 -- with R=CmH.sub.2m+1 and 5.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.

Abstract: A method for producing microcapsules in which various coats can be applied to various cores at any desired but uniformly controllable thickness comprises the steps of:(a) providing microcapsule cores,(b) depositing resin particles uniformly onto the surfaces of the microcapsule cores to form resin particle-deposited-onto-cores,(c) putting the resin particle-deposited-onto-cores in a monodisperse state,(d) bringing the resin particle-deposited-onto-cores in the monodisperse state into contact with a solvent in which the resin of the resin particles can dissolve, and(e) drying the resin particle-deposited-onto-cores which has been brought into contact with the solvent, while kept in the monodisperse state and, then, recovering the dried cores.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method to inhibit the corrosion of metals by sodium chloride and calcium chloride solutions by incorporating in the solutions a mixture of mono- and di-hydrogen orthophosphates. Sodium chloride solutions which contain calcium chloride, e.g., rock salt solutions, are inhibited against corrosion when the percentage of dihydrogen orthophosphate is from 10 to 60 percent of the mixture of di- and mono-hydrogen orthophosphates. Calcium chloride solutions are inhibited against corrosion when the percentage of dihydrogen orthophosphate is from 50 to 100 percent of the mixture of di- and mono-hydrogen orthophosphates.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided carboxylate compounds and liquid compositions thereof represented by the following formula (A) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents one group selected from the group consisting of alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and halogenated alkyl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom, and R.sup.2 represents a group represented by the following formula (A)--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH.sub.3 or (B)--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOR.sub.3 wherein m represents an integer of 2 to 6, n represents an integer of 0 to 5, and R.sup.3 represents alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a sol of a metallic or a non-metallic element, such as selenium, tellurium, gold and silver, wherein said process comprises the reduction of a chemical compound, which contains said element in a reducible state, with a borane compound, such as an alkali metal borohydride or an amine borane, as the reducing agent.

Abstract: A corrosion- and/or scale inhibitor composition comprising: A) a corrosion- and/or scale inhibitor; and B) a compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## or a water-soluble salt thereof in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, the weight ratio of component A) to component B), ranging from 10:90 to 90:10.The compounds of formula I are new compounds.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is provided exhibiting an Sc* phase over a wide temperature range including room temperature and having a spontaneous polarization value of 30 nC/cm.sup.2 or less and a quick response, time. An optical switching element comprising the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is also provided. The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprises components A, B, C and D in respective amounts by weight of 75 to 95%, 3 to 9%, and 3 to 12% and 2 to 5% based on the total amount of these components and having a phase sequence series of an isotropic liquid, a cholesteric phase, a smectic A phase and a chiral smectic C phase in that order from the high temperature side and a spontaneous polarization value of 30 nC/cm.sup.2 or less.

Abstract: Gold sol coated with alkanethiols and alkanethiol derivatives, which provide groups on the sol available for the linking of binding moieties such as antibodies, antigens or ligands to the gold sol. Di- and tri-thiol compounds bound to gold sol also facilitate the adsorption of antibodies, antigens or ligands to the sol. The coating process, and test kits incorporating the coated sols are also included.

Abstract: Trifluorotoluene compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 12, and Q is ##STR2## are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising: at least one optically active compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.3 denotes a single bond, ##STR2## Z.sub.1 denotes a single bond or ##STR3## and m is 1-12; at least one compound represented by the following formula (III): ##STR4## wherein R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, at lease one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being optically active; X.sub.4 denotes a single bond, ##STR5## and X.sub.5 denotes a single bond, ##STR6## and at least one compound represented by the following formula (I) or (IV): ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy group; X.sub.1 and X.sub.

Abstract: Novel compounds, useful as radiolabeling reagents, including an alkoxy group on the phenyl ring and having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a radionuclide are disclosed. The invention further includes novel radiohalogenated proteins as well as processes for preparing such reagents and radiohalogenated proteins.

Abstract: Optically active compounds having the following formulae (1), (2) or (3) ##STR1## wherein R and R' are C.sub.1-20 alkyl groups; X and Y.sub.1 are --, O, S, or divalent groups such as COO, OOC and OCOO; m is 0 or 1; n is 0 to 5; A.sub.2 is a cyclic group, such as p,p'-biphenylene, 2,6-naphthylene, 2,5-pyrimidinylene-1,4-phenylene, A.sub.1 --Y.sub.2 -pyridylene or A.sub.4 --Y.sub.2 --A.sub.5 ; Y.sub.2 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 or C.tbd.C; A.sub.3 is 2,6-naphthylene, A.sub.1 --Y.sub.2 -pyridylene or A.sub.6 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A.sub.7 ; and A.sub.1, A.sub.4, A.sub.5, A.sub.6 and A.sub.7 are cyclic groups, such as 1,4-phenylene and/or 4,4'-biphenylene.

Abstract: Solid ascorbic acid particles of less than 38 microns in size are shown to be effective antioxidants for substrates in which ascorbic acid is insoluble, such as animal and vegetable oils, essential oils, carotenoids, and the like, at weight concentrations of 0.02% and even at 0.005% or below. These particles are preferably prepared by wet milling ascorbic acid in a medium in which it is insoluble, until the size is less than 38 microns, and preferably less. Employment of such particles in a medium in which they are insoluble, as well as employment in the stabilization of fats, oils, and foods, is demonstrated.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging in at least a portion of a warm-blooded animal.

Abstract: A process for preparing microcrystalline perborate hydrate products and highly concentrated, storage stable aqueous solutions used for this purpose which have a stable active oxygen content and a boron content of 3 to 8% by wt. based on the total weight of the solution. The products of the invention are suitable for numerous uses in the field of bleaching agent, disinfectant and liquid detergent formulations, and other fields of use.

Abstract: Absorbent structures are disclosed comprising a fibrous, superabsorbent core and an integrally attached facing layer.The structures can be made by forming nonwoven webs of mixtures of thermoplastic fibers and superabsorbent fibers, and a web consisting essentially of thermoplastic hydrophobic fibers. The layers are bonded together using thermal bonding.The structures are suitable for use in disposable absorbent products, in particular, pantiliners.

Abstract: It is herein disclosed a method for controlling the shrinkage of parts formed from semi-crystalline polyolefin involving the addition of a suitable nucleant(s), in a suitable amount. This method results in reduced processing costs primarily due to reduced processing cycle time and to greater flexibility in the use of processing equipment.

Abstract: Improved compositions comprise polymer blends of a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon with an ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated diene terpolymer, and, optionally, an acidic polymer containing moieties of an .alpha.-olefin and an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. The blends demonstrate improved barrier properties.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising the steps of contacting a Group VIII metal hydrogenation catalyst residue containing polymer solution with from about 2 to about 50 parts by weight water based on 100 parts by weight of polymer solution, centrifuging the polymer from metal containing particles with a centrifugal force such that the centrifugal force times the time duration of centrifugation divided by the viscosity of the polymer solution equals or exceeds about 50 G-minutes/cp, and recovering a polymer solution comprising less than 10 ppm by weight, based on the polymer, of the Group VIII metal.