Abstract: A hair tonic composition containing, as an effective ingredient, a product obtained from the interaction of a vegetable or animal fat or oil with a microorganism belonging to Staphylococcus capitis. This hair tonic composition can effectively prevent the generation of dandruff and itching and can also effectively accelerate the growth of hair.

Abstract: In a process for culturing microorganisms in a sealed vessel, the nutrient solution is circulated directionally and the microorganisms are kept in suspension in the moving directional flow. The oxygen-containing gas for aeration of the nutrient solution is run into the solution in such a way that it has a component of motion normal to the direction of flow of the nutrient solution.

Abstract: Viruses are detected by means of an immunoassay method in which an extended solid phase coated with antiviral antibody is employed to bind and remove virions from a specimen by forming an immuno-complex with antigens of said virions, a mobile solid phase comprising a dispersion of microspheres coated with the antiviral antibody is used to bind said microspheres to antigens associated with said immuno-complex, and the presence of bound microspheres is detected. The detection sensitivity is amplified by the ability to more readily detect the microspheres, which may be dyed or labelled. The extended solid phase advantageously may be in the form of a dipstick which can be easily contacted with the specimen. A virus detection kit provides the extended solid phase and mobile solid phases, each coated with antiviral antibodies.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the insertion and molecular cloning of RNA in DNA cloning vectors are described. RNA molecules to be cloned are modified by the ligation of oligonucleotide linkers onto the termini of the RNA molecule using T4 RNA ligase. Such linkers may be composed of DNA, RNA, or mixtures of each and facilitate the insertion and ligation of the RNA species into a DNA cloning vector. The resulting recombinant vectors are used to transform host cells which provide for the generation of multiple DNA copies of the RNA molecule.

Abstract: The invention constitutes an enzymatic method for resolution of a racemic mixture of hydroxy compounds. A D,L mixture of the hydroxy compound is phosphorylated to form the D,L monoorthophosphate esters of the hydroxy compound. Thereafter, the D,L mixture of phosphorylated compounds is treated with a stereospecific phosphatase, such as wheat germ acid phosphatase, which causes the hydrolysis of substantially only one optical isomer of the monoorthophosphate ester. The resulting hydrolyzed isomer of the hydroxy compound is then separated from the remaining monoorthophosphate ester.

Abstract: A method of chemical analysis is disclosed which employs a release tag compound of general formulaRx--Re--Sin which Rx is a reactivity group capable of forming a covalent bond with another molecule, Re is a release group capable of being cleaved, and S is a signal group. The release tag is covalently bonded to a substance of interest which is to be determined in the course of a chemical analysis for an analyte, release group Re is cleaved at an appropriate point in the analytical procedure, and signal group S is determined, thereby determining the substance of interest. Where the substance of interest is the analyte, determination of S determines the analyte. Where the substance of interest is not the analyte but is related to the analyte concentration, determination of S allows indirect determination of analyte.

Abstract: The invention is a method for obtaining a chimeric plasmid which can serve as a vector for inserting one or more foreign or native genes into Corynebacterium and a second species of bacteria. The plasmid is the ligation product of plasmid DNA from Corynebacterium as well as plasmid DNA from a non-Corynebacterium species of bacteria. Also disclosed is a method for forming protoplasts from Corynebacterium organisms and transforming the protoplasts with vectors, e.g., the chimeric plasmids of the invention.

Abstract: A newly discoverd microorganism having characteristics of an Arthrobacter and having the ability to utilize peanut hull lignin as a sole source of carbon is disclosed. Peanut hulls have a higher lignin content than hardwoods and softwoods. The newly discovered microorganism makes the biodegradation of peanut hulls and other similar lignin containing biological waste products commercially feasible. Specifically, a process for converting peanut hulls and other similar lignin containing biological waste products to animal feed is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immunogenic principle containing a specific antigen determinant of a predetermined native antigen. This immunogenic principle is constituted by a conjugate between a hapten bearing said antigenic site and a muramyl-peptide, essentially in the absence of supporting macromolecules, this conjugate having an immunogenic effect not only against itself, but also with respect to the native antigen carrying said antigenic site.

Abstract: A method is provided for the regeneration of cultivated tomato plants from protoplasts. The protoplasts are extracted from a donating plant which has been substantially isolated from its source of endogenous hormones and grown in an artificial medium which is substantially hormone-free, and thereafter cultured in substantially similar media to form callused cell colonies and shoots which are similarly grown to form rooted, mature plants.

Abstract: A water-soluble cross-linked polymer of the enzyme lysyl endopeptidase produced by Achromobacter lyticus and a process for preparing the polymer as well as a semi-synthesis of human insulin using the polymer.

Abstract: Processes and new genetic materials are provided for cloning specific DNA fragments by using a unique conjugative transposon designated Tn916. The transposon is used to first target specific genes by insertional inactivation. A restriction fragment containing the inserted transposon is then inserted into a plasmid vector and transformed into Escherichia coli or other suitable host by selection for the transposon encoded tetracycline (Tc) resistance. The transformants so produced are then grown in the absence of tetracycline conditions under which Tn916 excises from the chimeric plasmid thus restoring the integrity of the DNA into which the transposon was originally inserted. This process provides a new and useful way of producing new life forms that are useful for making desired products having established utility.

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic compound having at least one cyano group and one amide group or carboxyl group which process comprises subjecting aromatic polynitrile compound containing no carboxyl groups in a simple medium to the action of one or more microorganisms which have a nitrilase system capable of selectively hydrolyzing one cyano group of the polynitrile.

Abstract: A method is described for the enzymatic saccharification of a cellulosic substrate to glucose which utilizes fermentation of the substrate with the cellulase enzyme complex-producing, thermophilic microorganism Microbispora bispora Rutgers P&W and its mutants. The resistance of M. bispora Rutgers P&W cellulase to end-product inhibition enables conversion efficiency superior to that of known cellulase producing microorganisms. Continued enzyme activity at elevated temperatures allows broader applicability of enzyme-catalyzed saccharification than heretofore attained. The microorganism in its purified form incubated on cellulase, and its cellulolytic mutants, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Testicularly acting drug species are site-specifically/sustainedly delivered to the testes by administering to a male in need of such treatment a pharmacologically effective amount of the target drug species [D] tethered to a reduced, blood-testis barrier penetrating lipoidal form [D--DHC] of a dihydropyridine.revreaction.pyridinium salt type redox carrier, e.g. 1,4-dihydrotrigonelline. Oxidation of the dihydropyridine carrier moiety in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt type drug/carrier entity [D--QC].sup.+ prevents elimination thereof from the testes, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated, resulting in significant and prolongedly sustained testicular-specific drug activity, whether ascribable to the cleavage of the [D--QC].sup.+ entity and sustained release of the drug [D] in the testes and/or to [D--QC].sup.+ itself.

Abstract: This invention relates to a biologically active substance which is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 3,000 to 5,000 and has activity to inhibit toxoplasma multiplication in homologous cells and heterologous cells.This invention also relates to a process for preparing the substance, immunoactive compositions containing the substance and use of the substance as a drug.

Abstract: A synthetic hormone complex comprising means for binding to the surface of a cell and means for altering second messenger mobilization by the cell. One form of the synthetic hormone complex functions as an antagonist with specific binding affinity for a cell receptor, said hormone in combination with a calcium ion channel inhibitor. Another synthetic hormone complex functioning as an Agonist comprising two or more molecules of a hormone having specific binding affinity for a cell receptor wherein a spacer binding the hormones is 10 to 300 angstroms in length. A method of regulating hormones or other regulatory factors comprising contacting a synthetic hormone complex with a cell surface or internal receptor thereby altering the incorporation of second messenger molecules thereby regulating the physiological function of the cell.

Abstract: Genetically engineered plasmids which express DNA encoding for insect stage specific glycoproteins of Trypanosoma cruzi are disclosed. The glycoproteins offer potential diagnostic utility for the detection of Chagus disease.

Abstract: Biologically pure mutants of Bacillus cereus subspecies israelensis (also called Bacillus thuringiensis sub. sp. israelensis) which are substantially non-spore-forming but which are capable of forming inclusion bodies toxic to Diptera larvae are described. A spore-free insecticide based on these inclusion bodies as well as the method of producing same are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for cultivating myocytes in suspension using water soluble chitosan is taught. The method results in the three-dimensional growth of the cultured myocytes as well as the inhibition of certain undesired cells.