Abstract: An apparatus for carbonizing and then activating carbonaceous materials in a continuous process consisting of an elongated, slightly inclined rotary retort into the higher end of which the material is deposited and from the lower end of which the product is removed, the material moving therethrough in the form of a tumbling bed, a system for introducing air in independently regulatable amounts into each of a series of longitudinally spaces zones of the retort, except a final zone closest to its lower end, in such a manner that contact of the air with the material bed is delayed for a substantial time after the air enters the retort, and a system for introducing superheated steam into the final retort zone in such a manner as to immediately engage and thoroughly intermix with the material bed. Provision is also made for introducing air, rather than steam, into the final retort zone, in the event carbonization, but not activation, may be desired.

Abstract: Heated bulk material, such as coke, is quenched by a liquid flowing from the top downwardly through the bulk material. During the quenching the bulk material is closed off from the atmosphere. The steam forming from the quenching liquid is carried off downwardly in parallel flow with the quenching liquid. For this purpose the amount of quenching liquid distributed over the bulk material is so measured or dosed that it participates completely in the quenching process, whereby the quenching liquid evaporates completely except for a specific residual moisture in the coke. The flow resistance which varies over the base surface of the bulk material is compensated by a carry-off resistance which is inversely proportional to the respective bulk material height. The varying of the flow resistance is due to a bulk material height which changes from one side of the quenching container to the opposite side as a result of an inclined container bottom.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing charcoal comprising the steps of mixing at least one kind of material selected from the group including coffee pulps, almond husks, orange peelings, walnut shells and bean jam waste etc. with paper sludge, molding the resultant mixture in any desired configuration, and then allowing the resultant moldings to subject to dry distillation at a temperature of about 300.degree. to 600.degree. C.An apparatus for carrying out the abovementioned method comprising a double-walled housing including an inner wall and an outer wall the space between the inner and outer walls being filled with water, the space surrounded by the double-walled housing being divided by a partition wall extending to a predetermined height from the base of the housing into a combustion chamber and a carbonization chamber.

Abstract: A door jamb construction for a coke oven in which the vertical legs of the jamb are essentially rigid in a direction parallel with the oven wall but flexible in a direction normal to the wall. The buckstays of the oven carry spring means which force the flexible legs into contact with the oven wall.

Abstract: In the usual elongated carbon black furnace which is provided at one end with a combustion gas entry section, usually of diameter larger than the remainder of the reactor, in lieu of the usual entry port or ports providing hot combustion gases with which to decompose the make oil or gas to carbon black, there are provided independent, double-entry port or pipes. At each double entry there is an outer port and an inner port or pipe. Usually, the pipe approaches the enlarged section or precombustion chamber somewhat tangentially and at a substantial right angle to the longitudinal axis of the elongated reactor or furnace. Thus, viewing the furnace end-on, the outer port or entry will spew its fluid near and onto the walls of the precombustion chamber while the inner port or entry will deliver its gases to a point nearer the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A device for composting refuse and sewage slurry, consisting of a rotating drum supporting substantially horizontally with a fixed front wall through which refuse and sewage slurry are fed to the drum, and a fixed rear wall through which the mixture in the drum may be extracted. Means are provided enabling air or another gas containing oxygen, to be passed through the drum either from the front to rear or vice versa. The gas flow is adjustable by regulators in the pipelines taking air to and from the drum. The pipeline supplying air to the drum may be connected to a blower, and means may be provided for regulating the temperature in the drum, and for the complete or partial return of air sucked out of the drum to the drum.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for the single spot servicing of a coke oven on the coke side of an oven battery. The apparatus includes a turret with oven servicing heads affixed thereto and mounted for rotational movement on the free end of a support arm which is mounted for pivotal movement about a fixed point on the car. Pantographic like linkage is provided to coordinate the rotational and pivotal movement of the turret assembly. A coke guide carriage is mounted for reciprocal movement along a rail system consisting of two rails in an angled relationship. The carriage and turret are mounted on the car to permit the sequential indexing of these servicing devices for use at a selected oven in the battery without repositioning of the servicing car relative to the battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for compacting, degassing and carbonizing carbonaceous agglomerates, the apparatus comprising a rotary kiln having an agglomerate inlet means for introducing green agglomerates into the kiln near the inlet of the kiln and a heating medium inlet for introducing a heating medium comprising a finely divided solid into the kiln at a preselected location intermediate the inlet end of the kiln and the outlet end of the kiln to produce a mixture at a temperature above the carbonizing temperature of the agglomerates and a sieve positioned to receive the products from the rotary kiln and separate the heating medium and the compacted, degassed, carbonized agglomerate product. A method for producing compacted, degassed, carbonized carbonaceous agglomerates by the use of the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of reducing the sulfur content of coal, reduced to dust, by means of its own or external thermal energy and by means of rapid coking and/or rapid partial destructive distillation of the coal. The coal dust, which has been ground to less than 0.1 mm and, if necessary, preoxidized in 1 to 4 seconds at 350.degree. to 450.degree. C., is brought to a reaction temperature of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C. This reaction temperature may be reached directly, either by means of carrier or heating gas heated to over 1000.degree. C., or by means of the partial combustion of the coal with air or oxygen, at heating rates greater than 20,000.degree. C./min. This reaction temperature may also be reached indirectly, at heating rates of less than 20,000.degree. C./min, by means of gaseous, liquid, or turbulent heating carriers. The coal dust is allowed to stand for 1 to 6 seconds at a pressure of 1 to 15 bar until the coke dust and gas which are produced separate from one another.

Abstract: When repairing a gate and vicinity of a coke oven chamber during operation, hot air blowing off the interior of the chamber makes repairs impossible or almost difficult. Disclosed is a temporary heat-proof apparatus capable of preventing such hot air from blowing off the chamber, which generally comprises two units in combination, viz. a heat-proof unit and a charging unit therefor. Both front end portions of the heat-proof unit are expandable toward side walls of the oven chamber, while upper and lower slide frames are arranged respectively to pressure-contact the ceiling and bottom of the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling dustlike or fine-grained reaction residue emanating from a reactor is disclosed. According to the method reaction residue emanating from a reactor passes downwardly into a cooling shaft where it is maintained in the form of a pile of bulk material under a gas pressure of 20 to 200 bars while cooling gas passes upwardly through said cooling shaft in counter-current and is removed at the top of said cooling shaft into the reactor. The apparatus comprises means for effecting cooling of such reactor residue.

Abstract: A method of reducing the carbonization pressure in the coking of coal is provided which comprises randomly dispersing flakes through the coal, said flakes formed of a material that does not pass through a plastic phase such as pressed sawdust wherein the flakes have a thickness of between about 1/8" and about 3/4" and a length and width of between about 1" and about 5".

Abstract: A coke oven door assembly includes a door body having a plurality of plates vertically disposed in series. Refractory blocks attached to the plates include overlapping side portions in spaced relationship with their adjacent ends. The plates are tiltingly interconnected with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the mixing of a first liquid foaming agent component with compressed air in a mixing chamber to produce a foam. A nozzle for ejecting a second liquid component into the foam is provided downstream of the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is attached to the downstream side of a valve housing. The valve housing includes a triple plug valve for simultaneously selectively connecting and disconnecting a first liquid component inlet and an air inlet with the mixing chamber and a second liquid component inlet with the nozzle. First port means, connecting the air inlet downstream of the triple plug valve, to a plurality of air ejection orifices communicating with the mixing chamber is provided within the valve housing. Air control valve means is provided within said first port means for controlling the amount of air flowing to said mixing chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for support of a self-sealing door on a horizontal coke oven and for guiding installation of the door on the oven. A single pair of hangers are provided for attachment to the oven adjacent opposite vertical sides of the door opening. At least one axially rotatable member is mounted on the door for engaging the hangers and providing movement of the door therealong in a horizontal direction toward the oven. The axially rotatable member is located in a position on the door so that the door will be suspended in a completely vertical attitude on the hangers and may then be rolled into contact with the frame at repeatable, accurate positions to obtain better sealing.

Abstract: The invention comprises a multi-vessel reaction apparatus useful for reacting phosphate rock and sulfuric acid in which the reaction slurry undergoes intra- and inter- vessel circulation (preferably through a draft tube). The solution portion of the slurry in a first vessel or set of vessels (the "dissolver") is preferably maintained at at lower sulfate ion concentration and the solution portion of the slurry in the second vessel or system of vessels (the "crystallizer") is preferably maintained at a positive sulfate ion concentration. Also preferred are means for maintaining the second vessel or set of vessels at a reduced pressure. Most preferred is that means be included in at least one said vessel for incorporating a crystal modifier (e.g. a sulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid salt, tall oil fatty acids or alkoxylated or esterified tall oil fatty acids) in the crystallizer. The system can be used in the anhydrite, hemihydrate or gypsum types of processes.

Abstract: An apparatus for quenching glowing coke in a coke-quenching container or car, comprises a housing with spaced front and rear vertical walls and vertical end walls at each end having respective entrance and exit openings for the quenching car. The housing also has a ceiling portion adjacent the upper end of a vertically elongated gas chamber defined within the housing and it communicates adjacent the rear wall with an upwardly extending flue. In order to ensure that any sensing devices in the flue are not influenced by the direct radiation from the glowing coke of the quenching car positioned in the chamber, the device includes a baffle extending outwardly from the rear wall and covers a cross-sectional area in the quenching chamber, but leaves a free gas flow cross-section for the flow of quenching gases which is as large as the area covered by the baffle.

Abstract: A single retort and accumulator structure includes two heating zones for successively removing volatile material from dried crushed coal so that the resultant calcined char has less than about 7 weight percent volatile material and is suitable as a raw material for producing formcoke. In the first zone (carbonizing zone) heat carrying solids are introduced with crushed coal to heat the powdered coal to a temperature in the order of about 800.degree. F. to 1000.degree. F. and produce a carbonized char containing about 10% to 20% by weight of volatile material. The resultant carbonized char is fed onto a trommel, or rotating cylindrical or tapered screen, and the char passes through the screen into a calcining fluidized bed zone. The fluidized bed is maintained by upwardly directed jets of an oxygen containing gas and steam. The temperature of the fluidized bed zone is in the vicinity of about 1200.degree. F. to 1600.degree. F.

Abstract: Deposits in a carbon black reactor are reduced by passing feed oil, quench water and/or liquid fuel to the reactor through a magnetic field prior to introduction into the reactor.

Abstract: Abrasion-proof coke forms are produced from bituminous coal, brown coal, or peat in the form of briquets, by preheating the briquets, dehydrating or predrying them, carbonizing them and then cooling them in at least three separate stages in which the briquets are dehydrated indirectly by subjecting them to indirect temperature conditions, producing a temperature gradient in the briquets. The briquets are automatically fed into a shaft tower which includes an upper drying shaft portion made up of a plurality of stacked radiators which include tube elements for the passing of a heating fluid, such as steam, therethrough and which define vertical shaft passages through which the briquet forms are passed downwardly and into a carbonizing shaft which has separate gas channels for directing heating gases therethrough and to a heating flue and which subsequently includes a lower cooling zone through which the briquets pass and then into a discharge channel where they are delivered for classification.