Abstract: At least a portion of coke produced in a hearth-type furnace is fed into an activation reactor, and at least a portion of the waste gas from the hearth-type furnace is fed to the activation reactor to act as a heating gas and/or an activation gas for the coke feed. Hot waste gas from the activation reactor is passed to a waste-heat boiler. Active coke which has at least partially lost its adsorption capacity may be fed into the furnace in mixture with the coal or alone, or it may be fed directly into the activation reactor for re-activation of the coke.

Abstract: A carbon black with a tint residual below -6 in a rubber composition causes the hysteresis or heat buildup of such a rubber composition to be significantly lower than that of a rubber composition incorporating a carbon black with a higher tint residual, while the abrasion resistance of such rubber compositions incorporating these different blacks remains essentially unchanged. Tint residual is the difference between the measured tint and the tint calculated from the structure, nitrogen surface area, and CTAB surface area in accordance with a specific formula disclosed. Disclosed are carbon black reactor configurations capable of producing carbon black useful in compounding such a low-hysteresis rubber.

Abstract: A method of preheating coal for coking comprises bringing a hot operating gas into direct contact with the coal to preheat the coal. Both the coal and the operating gas are passed into a separator and the separator is operated so as to effect the separation of the coarse preheated coal for delivery to the coke oven from the operating gases and coal dust. The operating gases and coal dust are then passed into a deduster to remove the coal dust from the operating gases. A portion of the removed dust is continuously directed into an accumulator. The dust is either supplied from the deduster or the accumulator to a combustion furnace where it is burned to generate at least a portion of the operating gas.

Abstract: In a slot-type coke oven battery, the sole flues side walls are constructed of two or more courses of clay liners. The sole flues also include a bottom liner means and are topped with rider tile. The intersections of the successive courses of liners are maintained in position by refractory cross-ties. Ports in the rider tile feature internal venturi shapes which enhance the flow of gases therethrough.

Abstract: In a carbon black manufacturing process a method and apparatus is provided whereby the off-gas from at least one carbon black manufacturing process is utilized both to lower the temperature of the hot combustion gases and to provide some heat to the hot combustion gases by being burned in the combustion tunnel of a carbon black reactor. A portion of the off-gas is utilized while still holding the total volume of the hot combustion gases substantially constant at a preselected substantially constant temperature to insure a substantially constant quality of carbon black.

Abstract: Binder is added to any finely divided coal which can be made to coalesce on heating, the particles are formed into any shape desired for its end usage, and pyrolyzed under conditions carefully controlled to limit the rate of temperature rise of the shaped forms.

Abstract: An improved cleaning apparatus for the removal of carbonaceous deposits from the inner surfaces of the ascension pipe elbows and ascension pipe employed on coke ovens. The cleaning apparatus is comprised of a base support, a movable support and a cleaning element. The base support is mounted on a larry car and the movable support is superimposed upon and connected to the base support. The cleaning element is pivotally attached to the movable support and is equipped with a cleaning head mounted on the end of an arm and means for moving the arm in and out of the pipe which is to be cleaned.

Abstract: An improvement is provided for equipment for collecting, extracting and purifying gases arising on the coke side of a battery of coke oven chambers with vertical heating flues in which a triangular frame is provided for carrying the hood which overhangs the loading area of the quench truck and which is movable alongside the oven chambers. The triangular frame is supported at each corner by wheel assemblies. One wheel assembly is mounted for movement along the gas gallery track which also supports the coke batch conveying truck and the other two wheel assemblies are mounted on a track on top of the gas collection duct running alongside the coke oven chambers. A sealing flap is provided to automatically seal the coke batch guide to the hood when the guide is in contact with an oven chamber.

Abstract: A plug for protecting coke-oven chamber doors from the action of the internal temperature in the oven, which has a plane outside facing away from the door body, and which is built up from a plurality of refractory bricks and can be mounted on the inside of the door body. The bricks have recesses which each penetrate the plug and bricks for receiving bolts which can be screwed into bores in the plug side of the door.

Abstract: A method of producing abrasion resistant coke from brown coal briquets in a shaft furnace comprises charging the coke briquets into the top of the furnace and removing coke from the bottom of the furnace while directing inert hot combustion gases into the furnace and through the briquets at a plurality of vertically spaced levels throughout the height of the shaft furnace. Gases are directed at temperatures to effect and successively lower stages of the furnace the preheating, predrying, carbonization, and cooling of the charge. Gases are collected in each of the preheating and predrying stages by the use of a tubular suction arm which extends substantially across the width of the furnace and includes a performated bottom and sidewalls which extend partly below the bottom and are provided with a saw-tooth configuration so as to withdraw the gases through the space below the bottom and through the perforations of the bottom and to effect entrainment of dust from the charge in so doing.

Abstract: Ethylene is polymerized in a dual reactor system in which two reactors are connected in series with a heat exchanger, or intercooler, disposed therebetween. The reaction stream from the first reactor at elevated pressure and temperature is passed through the heat exchanger to effect cooling of the stream. Following passage through the heat exchanger, the pressure of the cooled reaction stream is reduced through a pressure let-down valve and the stream is thereafter introduced into the second reactor wherein further polymerization takes place. The reactors can both be of the autoclave type although one of the reactors can be of the tubular variety.

Abstract: An oil reclamation device comprises a housing, filter, evaporator plate and heating assembly. The housing has a longitudinal axis and includes an oil inlet to receive oil to be reclaimed and an oil outlet to discharge reconditioned oil. The filter is disposed at one end of the housing to define a mechanical filtration zone which receives the oil from the oil inlet of the device. The evaporator plate is disposed within the housing adjacent the mechanical filtration zone. The heating assembly is disposed at the open end of the housing adjacent the evaporator plate to define an evaporation chamber therebetween. The evaporator plate includes upwardly projecting evaporation walls defining a plurality of curved vaporizing surfaces laterally displaced radially with respect to each other to form a fluid traveling surface therebetween. The heating assembly includes downwardly projecting heating walls defining a plurality of curved heating surfaces located between the curved vaporizing surfaces.

Abstract: Silo apparatus for fermenting organic material into compost in which the organic material is gravity fed into a vertical compartment and taken out through an extractor compartment. Gas is fed upwardly through the material and a separator means is provided having variable size openings to control the passage of the material from the upper compartment to the extractor compartment.

Abstract: An earthquake-proof foundation structure for a horizontal type coke oven battery which comprises: a pile plate rigidly connected substantially in a horizontal position to the tops of a plurality of foundation piles; a base plate for mounting thereon a horizontal type coke oven battery, said base plate being placed substantially in a horizontal position on said pile plate; two sliding layers, each arranged between said pile plate and said base plate and between said base plate and said coke oven battery, each of said two sliding layers being formed by tightly laying a plurality of steel sheets coated with graphite grease over the entire surface thereof into two or three laminations; the lower surface of said coke oven battery or the upper surface of said base plate being provided with a longitudinal ridge and a plurality of transverse ridges, while the upper surface of said base plate or the lower surface of said coke oven battery being provided with a longitudinal groove and a plurality of transverse grooves

Abstract: A latch mechanism for coke-oven doors, which mechanism includes combination radial thrust bearings for the latch bars. These bearings afford adjustability in all directions for the latch bars to enable force to be applied uniformly to the sealing strips which extend around the perimeter of the door.

Abstract: Xylan-containing raw material which is very absorbent in the dry state, particularly one year old plants, is treated with an acid either by spraying or by an acid vapor to a limited extent. The extent of treatment is sufficient to permit hydrolysis of the xylan to xylose without complete saturation of the raw material. After hydrolysis, the raw material is washed in counterflow with water to extract the xylose solution. Washing may be accomplished in an extraction column or in a multi-step mixing arrangement.

Abstract: A device for the removal of a coke-oven door, engaging the door frame of a coking chamber by one or more swingable latch arms that are axially loaded by Belleville springs, comprises a support carrying one or more unlatching heads alignable with the swing axes of respective latch arms along which that body can be moved toward and away from the door by a hydraulic jack linked with a fixed or separately movable base. Each unlatching head comprises a gripper rod axially movable inside a pressure sleeve by means of a hydraulic actuator. The gripper rod has a pair of claws which, when that rod is brought into contact with a knob on a pivot stud of the associated latch arm, are cammable into engagement with this knob by a forward thrusting of the pressure sleeve through the hydraulic actuator. The sleeve then comes to bear upon a collar surrounding the pivot stud whereby an extension of this collar compresses the Belleville springs behind the latch to relieve their pressure upon that arm.

Abstract: A method of preparing coals for coking in a conventional coke oven includes agglomerating the loose coal, in combination with a binder, into flakes, mixing the flakes with non-agglomerated coal, and charging the mixture into the coke oven in the conventional manner. The method provides for the utilization in a conventional coke oven, of coals that are marginal in coking quality, greater bulk densities of the coal as charged into a conventional coke oven, acceptable shatter resistance and physical stability of the coke produced, and acceptable carbonization pressure on the coke oven walls.

Abstract: A recuperative coke oven includes at least one recuperator chamber arranged below an oven chamber. Hot undergrate firing exhaust gas is passed from the oven through the recuperator chamber. At least one elongated recuperator extends into the recuperator chamber. The recuperator includes an inner tube and a coaxially outer tube. The inner end of the inner tube is open, and the inner end of the outer tube is closed to define an annular chamber between the two tubes. Combustion air to be heated is introduced into the inner tube and passed therethrough. The combustion air then reverses direction and passes through the annular chamber and is thereat heated by the hot exhaust gas passing through the recuperator chamber. The heated combustion air is discharged from the annular chamber and passed to the heating flues of the oven.

Abstract: In the usual elongated carbon black furnace which is provided at one end with a combustion gas entry section, usually of diameter larger than the remainder of the reactor, in lieu of the usual entry port or ports providing hot combustion gases with which to decompose the make oil or gas to carbon black, there are provided independent, double-entry port or pipes. At each double entry there is an outer port and an inner port or pipe. Usually, the pipe approaches the enlarged section or precombustion chamber somewhat tangentially and at a substantial right angle to the longitudinal axis of the elongated reactor or furnace. Thus, viewing the furnace end-on, the outer port or entry will spew its fluid near and onto the walls of the precombustion chamber while the inner port or entry will deliver its gases to a point nearer the longitudinal axis.