Abstract: The operation of a battery of coke ovens with regenerative change of draught on heating flues includes adjustably controlling the combustion of gases in the heating flues to insure uniform vertical heating of the coking coal in the coke oven chambers. Control elements for the operation of discrete heating flues in each heating wall are adjusted to insure uniform heating of the coking coal along the length of the heating walls. A gas supply rate is selected for the delivery of gas into the heating flues to define a carbonizing time corresponding to a high output capacity of coke from the coke oven battery. The heat consumption by the coking coal in the coke oven chambers is reduced during each regenerative half period by interruptions to the supply of gas at the gas supply rate without modifying or adjusting the control elements employed to insure uniform heat distribution in the heating flues.

Abstract: In a dry type method and apparatus for quenching coke wherein hot coke charged in a coke quenching installation is cooled by circulating cooling gas in the installation through a closed circulating system including a blower and a heat exchanger, the composition of the cooling gas is analyzed and compared with a reference gas composition and air or nitrogen gas is supplemented to the closed circulating system in accordance with the result of comparison. A portion of the circulating gas is discharged to the atmosphere when air or nitrogen gas is supplemented. Air is supplemented on the high temperature discharge side of the circulating cooling gas while nitrogen gas is supplemented on the low temperature inlet side. The cooling gas is discharged to the atmosphere before the supplementation of the nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A carbon black producing apparatus in which a quench fluid is introduced into a reaction zone for cooling hot smoke which contains solid carbon black particles which are produced by the pyrolysis of a carbon black make hydrocarbon by the heating of same with a combusted air/fuel mixture. The quench fluid is introduced into the reaction zone in a generally tangential direction and in a direction counterrotational to the direction of the vortex flow of the hot smoke flowing along the length of the reaction zone. The cooled smoke is passed to a heat exchanger for further cooling of the smoke after which the smoke is separated into an off-gas phase and a carbon black particle phase by filtering means. The carbon black can then be pelleted and dried for use.

Abstract: A fluid bed reaction apparatus for providing separate reaction sites for segregated reactions in processes such as coal gasification, wherein the respective gasification and subsequent combustion reactions are separated within a single stage reactor. The fluid bed reactor comprises a shell or housing for containing a shell side fluid bed and one or more vertical standing tubes located within the shell side which form the segregated tube reaction sides. The open lower ends of the standing tubes are displaced a short distance above a distributor plate which operates as the base of the shell side fluid bed column. A Venturi nozzle coaxially oriented below the standing tube mouth provides a high velocity fluid flow into the tube side of the reactor. Carbonaceous particles are first reacted as they travel down the shell side reaction chamber.

Abstract: A unitary reactor system for the alkylation of benzene with olefins. The hydrocarbon reactants are sprayed horizontally from a plurality of openings in a number of vertical conduits which extend upward into a lower portion of the vessel. The conduits are surrounded by a vertical reaction tube having a circular catalyst inlet at its bottom end and which contains a mixing means located above the conduits. A hydrocarbon phase is retained in the upper portion of the vessel and an acid phase surrounds the reaction tube, with the interface of the two liquid phases being maintained above the open upper end of the reaction tube.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for use in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine wherein the catalytically active noble metal coating is deposited only on the rearward portion of the inert carrier, with respect to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, said inert carrier being fully coated with a washcoat capable of absorbing catalyst poisons before application of the catalytically active noble metal coating.

Abstract: An inclined chamber of a coke oven is defined by a heating side wall, a coke removal side, a horizontal chamber ceiling and a chamber floor inclined downwardly from the heating side wall to the coke removal side. Briquettes are charged into the chamber, through charging holes in the heating side wall arranged vertically one above the other and through charging holes in the chamber ceiling arranged one behind the other, in separate inclined fill layers. The charging operation is through separate charging holes, in a sequence from the lowermost charging hole in the heating side wall to the uppermost charging hole therein, and then from the chamber ceiling charging hole closest to the heating side wall to the chamber ceiling charging hole furthest therefrom. The vertical and horizontal spacing between adjacent charging holes is dimensioned to avoid breakage of the briquettes.

Abstract: A method of decomposing ammonia fumes which have a high hydrogen sulfide content, in particular, deacidizer fumes from an NH.sub.3 -H.sub.2 S closed-circuit scrubber of coke oven gases, in which the washed-out NH.sub.3 is enriched. The inventive method comprises burning a heating fuel with an amount of oxygen to generate combustion gases having a low oxygen content, heating the deacidizer fumes by direct contact with the combustion gases in order to form a hot mixture of the gases and deacidizer fumes and subsequently directing the hot mixture through a decomposition zone. A burner for decomposing the ammonia fumes comprises a cylindrical housing which has a closed end wall and an opposite opened end. A tube sheet is situated in the housing spaced from the closed end to define a combustion air chamber therein into which combustion air is fed for passage through a plurality of tubes which extend through the tube sheet and terminate in combustion air discharges at their opposite ends.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrocarbon material having a reduced nitrogen content involves contacting a nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g., crude shale oil, shale oil derived gas oil, mixtures thereof and the like, in at least one reaction zone with a catalyst to polymerize at least a portion of the contained nitrogen compounds, e.g., refractory high boiling nitrogen-containing compounds, and, thereafter, separating, e.g., flashing, the resulting reactor effluent to produce a hydrocarbon material having a reduced nitrogen content relative to the feedstock and effluent. This hydrocarbon material may be advantageously used in hydrocarbon hydrotreating.

Abstract: A method and distributor device for effecting the uniform distribution of a mixed-phase vapor/liquid reactant stream across the upper surface of a fixed-bed of catalyst particles. Mixed-phase reactants or components are first separated into a principally vapor-phase and a principally liquid-phase. These separated phases are then re-mixed in a manner which creates a vapor/liquid froth; the latter being re-distributed to the upper surface of the bed of catalyst particles. Briefly, the distributor comprises three annular-form, catalyst-free volumes which are defined by the interior surface of said chamber and three cylindrical walls in concentric relationship therewith.

Abstract: A lift-off device for the door of oven chambers including a mechanism for gripping the door and counter mechanisms for measuring the movement of the doors to insure that the doors once removed will be accurately and positively repositioned relative to the oven chamber.

Abstract: A hydrolysis column, used to hydrolyze uranium hexafluoride gas with water in an ammonium diuranate conversion process, which includes a pipe having a water inlet, a connector inserted in the pipe intermediate its length, and a gas nozzle connected to the connector to feed uranium hexafluoride gas into the water. Since the uranium hexafluoride gas will freeze at 147.degree. F, the gas nozzle is heated by steam which flows through internal passageways, thus imparting sufficient heat to the nozzle which then acts as a heat sink to maintain the gas in a fluid state. The gas-water mixture is then discharged through the pipe outlet to the next step in the process.

Abstract: A means for guiding a coke oven door as it is replaced on an oven. The guide means includes bars carried by the door frame for guiding the door accurately to a position in which the sealing members contact a flat surface on the jamb to effect a seal. The forward tips of the guide bars are closely adjacent the forward edges of the sealing members so that the guide bars serve also as stops to prevent overloading of the sealing members.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation system recycles separated water from the system to a catalytic oxidation reactor at which location organic compounds in the separated water are converted to materials such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor with the resultant treated water being recycled to a dehydrogenation catalytic reactor of the system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for making vitreous silica of high purity including producing a melt of liquid silicon in a first chamber, mixing the liquid silicon with carbon dioxide in an upper zone of a second chamber to produce silicon monoxide, mixing the silicon monoxide with oxygen in a lower zone of the second chamber producing silicon dioxide in gaseous form, condensing the silicon dioxide on the wall of the second chamber, and withdrawing the resultant tube of vitreous silica from the lower end of the second chamber. The apparatus is lined with silica to prevent introduction of impurities. The liquid silicon is produced by mixing hydrogen and trichlorosilane.

Abstract: In a system wherein coke is ejected from a horizontal coke oven into a one-spot coke quenching car, a reciprocating coke guide extension which serves to spread the ejected coke more evenly throughout the one-spot quenching car, thus allowing more coke to be accumulated in the one-spot quenching car before it is required to be moved. The apparatus presents a means by which the falling coke column is directed initially to the remote side of the car, away from the coke oven, and at varying oblique angles from the central axis of the horizontal coke oven, concluding the loading operation by directing the coke to a point immediately below the exit from the coke oven.

Abstract: A low-impurity coke suitable for the production of electrodes for aluminium manufacture is prepared by extracting coal volatile matter content greater than about 28% by weight on a dry ash free basis with a highly aromatic hydrocarbon extractant of which the middle 90% boils in the range 250.degree. to 350.degree. C at a temperature of about 380.degree. to 450.degree. C, in the liquid phase, insoluble matter is separated off and the extract is heated to remove distillable oil and coked wherein the residence time of coal in the extraction step is controlled and the weight ratio of extractant to coal during extraction is maintained greater than 3:1 to maintain a substantially constant specific resistivity of the filter cake.

Abstract: A coke oven door fabricated from steel plate including a rectangular main door plate having inner and outer planar door faces. A pair of side support plates are rigidly affixed to the main door plate outer surface to extend longitudinally therealong adjacent the side edges thereof and a pair of end support plates are similarly mounted adjacent the main door plate end edges so as to form a door support frame. A plurality of gusset members are symmetrically disposed generally about the midpoint of the main door plate outer face and extend from one of the side support plates toward the other across the main door plate outer face. A sealing ring is affixed to the main door plate inner surface and adapted to sealingly engage a door frame when the door is placed over the coke oven opening.

Abstract: In a monolithic carrier catalyst containing a catalytically active substance for the purification of a stream of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, the improvement comprises providing an increasing concentration of catalytically active substance on the monolithic carrier catalyst, wherein the concentration increases in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases. The catalyst is particularly useful in oxidizing and/or reducing the noxious substances in automotive exhaust gases.

Abstract: In the construction of a plug-type, coke oven door, which plug is fitted with an integral flue or duct for venting of gases, the front and side walls of the plug are constructed so as to provide sufficient thermal conductivity, whereby heat entering the duct, primarily by conduction through the front wall, may readily be transferred to the left and right side walls thereof so as to maintain a desirable high temperature boh within the duct and at the exterior surfaces of the side walls to prevent or significantly decrease carbon accumulation.