Abstract: A method and apparatus for starting a cold internal combustion engine under optimum conditions. Engine r.p.m. is maintained to a desired value until either the car is started, driven, or the temperature of the engine reaches a predetermined value, whichever first occurs. During this time, the ratio between the air and fuel fed to the engine is kept at the optimum values corresponding to the prevailing engine conditions during this time.

Abstract: A mechanically timed ignition system for an internal combustion engine has a variable reluctance transducer mechanically operated by the engine to produce an output waveform having zero crossings coinciding with the desired instants of sparks. A comparator means at the input of an integrated ignition control circuit is connected to a winding of the transducer. The i.c. output point, which controls a semiconductor switch connecting an ignition coil across a supply, is connected by a C-R feedback path to the input of the comparator means, to provide transient positive feedback, which is effective at cranking speed to provide improved rejection of low level audio frequency interference signals.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for metering an air-fuel mixture to an internal combustion engine with an extreme-value control arrangement for controlling to a minimal specific consumption of fuel. The extreme-value control arrangement includes a test signal generator for acting upon the fuel metered to the engine. The rotational speed and a fuel metering signal are applied by the extreme-value control arrangement as actual information with respect to the minimal specific fuel consumption. In particular, the quantities of rotational speed change and the change in duration of fuel injection are utilized to determine the minimal consumption in the case of an internal combustion engine equipped with fuel injection. Further, for a minimal consumption control, it has been shown to be advantageous to consider information as to which gear of the transmission of the engine is in place.

Abstract: A two-cycle internal combustion engine having an "open" combustion chamber/poppet valve arrangement that produces improved scavenging. The combustion chamber has a generally oblate configuration and is slanted with respect to the cylinder axis in such a manner that the air flowing therein converges and is directed downward in a collimated column into the cylinder. The placement of overhead cam operated poppet valves in combination with the combustion chamber produces a scavenging method of the reverse return-flow type. A displacer piston having a displacer with a peripheral wall corresponding in configuration to that of the combustion chamber and defining a recess of predetermined volume that forms the floor of the combustion chamber when the piston is located in its upper most position may be advantageously employed.

Abstract: A method of air-fuel ratio control for automotive internal combustion engine in which the amount of fuel to be supplied to the internal combustion engine is determined in accordance with the amount of air passing through a main air intake path, and the amount of air in a bypass is controlled in a manner to attain a predetermined air-fuel ratio for a lean mixture gas which is determined by a predetermined operating mode of the automobile. The amount of supplied fuel which changes with the amount of air in the bypass is thus corrected to perform the lean mixture gas operation in the predetermined operating mode.

Abstract: A system for regulating the idle speed of an internal combustion engine with an electronic fuel injection system having a bypass around a throttle valve of the engine and a solenoid operated control valve provided in the bypass to control the volume of air flow passing the bypass. The system comprises an engine speed sensor for sensing the engine speed of the engine and for producing an engine speed voltage, an idle switch responsive to idle operation of the engine for producing an idle signal, and a reference voltage circuit for producing a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined idle speed. Integrating circuits for producing regulating signals dependent on the difference between the engine speed voltage and the reference voltage. The regulating signals comprise a first signal the voltage of which rapidly increases and a second signal the voltage of which slowly increases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a learning control apparatus for controlling the air-fuel ratio in an electronic control fuel injection type internal combustion engine wherein the injection quantity (Ti=Tp.times.K.times..alpha.) is basically operated by multiplying the basic injection quantity (Tp), determined from the flow amount of sucked air and the rotation speed, by the air-fuel ratio feedback correction coefficient (.alpha.), and the feedback control of the air-fuel ratio to the aimed target air-flow ratio is performed on the thus operated injection quantity Ti. However, as it takes long time to control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-flow ratio by the feedback control of the integration if the basic air-fuel ratio at the time of .alpha.=1 deviates from the aimed at air-fuel ratio, the value .alpha. at the time in the stationary driving condition and the driving condition per se, are detected, the learning correction coefficient .alpha.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for checking sensors, in which the measurement signals, electrically detected in a checking unit and representative of the operating conditions of an internal combustion engine, are statically monitored. The measurement signals are checked with respect to whether their physical measured values are technically significant and lie within the permissible range and if an error is detected, a measure is initiated which counteracts this error; the cyclically detected measurement signals are thereby checked with respect to a change in their measured values from one sampling cycle to a successive one and are accepted only if the change in measured values is within permissible limits. Stochastic disturbances are gated out of the measurement signal and registered and tolerated up to a significant limit. If faulty measurement signals are detected, an emergency operating procedure is activated which counteracts this fault.

Abstract: An engine intake system having primary and secondary intake passages leading to the same combustion chamber. The secondary intake passage is provided with an auxiliary throttle valve which is opened under a relatively high load engine operation. The primary and secondary intake passages are respectively provided with first and second fuel injection valves which are controlled by an electronic control unit in accordance with engine operating conditions. The electronic control unit functions to determine a basic fuel supply quantity based on the intake airflow and the engine speed and modify the basic quantity by a compensation factor which is obtained from a compensation map. The compensation map is divided into two zones, the first zone substantially corresponding to the engine operating condition wherein the auxiliary throttle is closed, the second zone substantially corresponding to the engine operating condition wherein the auxiliary throttle valve is opened.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, in which a lift-limiting plunger is slidably fitted in a plunger chamber to receive fuel pressure for limiting the lifting amount of a nozzle needle. A back pressure chamber is defined by an end face of the plunger remote from the nozzle needle as part of the plunger chamber. A selector valve is controlled by an electronic control unit to establish communication between the back pressure chamber and a fuel intake passageway during low speed/low load operation of the engine, whereby the nozzle needle is lifted through a limited stroke to obtain a reduced fuel injection rate as well as a prolonged fuel injection period. A pressure inlet chamber permanently communicates with the back pressure chamber and is selectively communicated with the fuel intake passageway and disconnected therefrom by the selector valve, in synchronism with selective establishment and interruption of communication between the back pressure chamber and the fuel intake passageway.

Abstract: Centrifugally disengageable engine starter gearing selectively starting an engine having a starting gear.

Abstract: An electronically controlled fuel injection or feeding device for use in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The device comprises means for storing respective engine speeds corresponding to respective positions of an accelerator pedal, and means for increasing the intake mixture of fuel and air to the engine corresponding to the engine speeds by a given amount when a decrease of the actual engine speed is detected under the condition wherein instant pedal position is not changed at a relatively low engine speed.

Abstract: The invention provides a headlight for a motor vehicle with a concave reflector, which has a light filament disposed in its inner part with the longitudinal axis of the filament about in parallel with the direction of the outgoing beam. The reflector is composed of a surface spanned by nearly parabolic branches generated by the intersection of the reflector and of planes including the axis of the reflector. The upper part of the reflector includes parabola branches having a focal point close to the vertex point and a focal point more remote from the vertex. At least the lower part of the reflector has the focal points of the conical sections near parabolic branches form a focal line, where the length of the focal line coincides at least in part about with the position and length of the incandescent filament. The section through the transition between upper and lower reflector part is represented by a cone section, which is nearly parabolic.

Abstract: The present invention is adapted for providing an idling speed control system of an internal combustion engine, which exhibits a good response for changes in an engine load, comprising: a throttle valve which controls the amount of intake air for the engine; an actuator which includes an electric motor for variably controlling the opening of the throttle valve; a rotation speed detector for detecting the rotation speed of the engine; an idling condition detector for detecting the idling condition of the engine; and a control, responsive to the detected output of the idling condition detector means, for generating feedback control pulses to intermittently drive said electric motor so that the detected rotation speed of the engine under the idling condition may converge into a target idling rotation speed while, responsive to the output of a detector that detects the operation condition of the engine load operated under the idling condition of the engine, or to the detected output of said rotation speed detecto

Abstract: An ignition timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine capable of using as a fuel a regular (low-octane) gasoline, a premium (high-octane) gasoline. The engine produces knocks when the ignition timing is advanced beyond a reference ignition timing determined as a function of the type of gasoline being used. This advance ignition timing control apparatus detects the knocks, and provides as an output a signal according to the occurrence rate of the knocks which essentially indicates the type of gasoline in use. By means of this signal, this ignition timing control apparatus changes over one reference ignition timing adapted for premium gasoline to the other reference ignition timing adapted for regular gasoline to retard the current ignition timing. At the same time, in a predetermined operating region of the engine, the ignition timing can be fixed in the retard or advance mode angle, whereby a desirable ignition timing for an engine is provided so as to improve the performance of the engine.

Abstract: An improved input circuit for an electronic vehicle speed control unit is disclosed. An ignition current sensor coil is adapted to have a voltage differential signal induced therein each time an ignition pulse is generated by the vehicle engine. Electrical noise signals generated by the vehicle engine appear as common mode signals across the ignition current sensor coil. The ignition current sensor coil is connected at each end to a capacitor, both of which are connected to ground potential. The ends of the ignition current sensor coil are further connected to the inputs of a differential amplifier. The capacitors appear in a series loop with the ignition current sensor coil for the differential voltage signals and, consequently, provide tuning for inductance. However, the capacitors appear in parallel with one another to ground potential with respect to the common mode noise signals, thereby providing high frequency noise rejection for the input circuit.

Abstract: A speed-limiting device of the electronic ignition type for the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle is equipped with an AC generator driven to rotation by the engine, such a generator comprising a feeding coil for the electronic ignition circuitry and a pickup winding for controlling the sparking of the engine spark plugs is characterized in that the signal of said control of the sparking for the igniting spark is cut off by short-circuiting to ground the pickup winding via a diode which is governed by the voltage generated by said feeding coil of the ignition circuitry, a voltage which is appropriately processed by a specially provided electric circuitry so as to become proportional to the generator speed as the voltage in question overtakes a threshold magnitude as preset by a specially provided sensing member.

Abstract: In a lighting apparatus which illuminates light ray from an illumination light source through a light distribution lens onto an illuminated surface, an inner surface of the light distribution lens is formed as continuous surface to receive incident ray in the perpendicular direction, and an outer surface of the lens for refracting outgoing ray is formed based on the equations which are made in consideration of the illuminance on the illuminated surface, thereby uniform illuminance is obtained on the illuminated surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having an injection nozzle and following the injection nozzle a partition (12, 23, 29) which is provided with through openings (13) for the injection streams and is embodied as a guide device for a partial flow of combustion air, which flow is accelerated by the injector action of the fuel streams in the through openings (13). A device (26, 24, 32) for preheating the partial flow of combustion air is also secured to the partition (12, 23, 29). In this apparatus, the partial flow of combustion air circulates virtually continuously through the partition (12, 23, 29) embodied as a guide device, and the acceleration caused by the injector action of the fuel streams increases with increasing engine rpm. This has the advantage that over the entire power and rpm range of the engine, a uniform course of combustion and a reduction of toxic emissions is attainable.

Abstract: A governor is disclosed for governing engine and load speed and which is especially adapted for use with motor vehicles. It comprises an overriding throttle closing device with a linear actuator for moving the device to a position for limiting the engine speed and load speed to governed values. An electronic control circuit comprising a microprocessor operating under program control produces motor control signals for a reversible electric motor which drives the actuator means through a gear train and lead screw. An engine speed signal generator provides an electrical speed signal to the control circuit and a road speed signal generator supplies a load speed signal to the control circuit. When the speed signal exceeds a predetermined value, the control circuit produces motor control signals for operating the motor at full speed to move the actuator to a reference position causing operation in a reference point governing mode.