Abstract: A flashlight includes a barrel for retaining batteries. A reflector and lens located at one end is rotatable axially to vary the reflection dispersion of a light beam emanating through the lens from a lamp bulb. An internal cylindrical sleeve within the barrel provides the electrical path between a tail cap adjacent the one electrode end of the batteries and the end adjacent the reflector, lens, and bulb. The sleeve is a non-ferrous nickel plated material for improved conductivity between component parts.

Abstract: The energy transfer derived from the ignition spark in the first or breakdown phase of a sparking event is matched to the speed of propagation of the ignition or flame front within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (ICE) 11. The number of spark flash-overs or breakdowns is made dependent on the conditions of the combustible mixture applied to the ICE, for example by providing signals representative of the mixture by sensing fuel and air throughput, as well as, preferably, speed, loading, and temperature of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for enabling the connection of a position sensing transducer to a machine such that the transducer is not subjected to high temperatures or dirt. In accordance with the invention the transducer is mounted on the outside of a housing in which there is mounted a rotatable means which extends outside the housing to operate a drive means for driving auxiliary equipment. The invention is distinguished in that the position sensing transducer includes a disc fixed to the drive means, said disc co-acting in non-contacting relationship with a transducer mounted on the outside of the housing for indicating the angular positions of the disc, and in that the drive means and housing include portions concentrically disposed to form a labyrinth seal to a space which accommodates the position sensing transducer.

Abstract: The fuel supply amount to an engine is gradually decreased directly after engine startup from a startup fuel supply to an after-startup fuel supply.

Abstract: A crankcase breather for use in the air cleaner of the type used on an internal combustion engine is provided with a grooved, raised boss retainer portion on the outboard wall of the air filter container portion of the crankcase breather so as to encircle the nipple of the crankcase breather and the outer housing shell of the air cleaner is provided with a conforming aperture so that a part of the outer housing shell is received in the groove thus permitting the rest of the raised boss retainer portion to be snapped into locking engagement with the material edges defining the aperture.

Abstract: In an ignition system for an internal combustion engine, positive half cycles of an output of the exciter coil are used as the ignition energy. A signal coil outputs a maximum advance angle side signal whose magnitude exceeds a threshold at the maximum advance angle position and a minimum advance angle side signal whose magnitude exceeds a threshold at the minimum advance angle position. An ignition timing control circuit is responsive to a maximum advance angle position indicating pulse derived from the maximum advance angle side signal and a minimum advance angle position indicating pulse derived from the minimum advance angle side signal for producing an ignition signal. The exciter coil and the signal coil have such a phase relation that the minimum advance angle side signals are produced during the negative half cycles of the exciter coil when the engine is rotating forward, and are produced during the positive half cycles of the when the engine is rotating backward.

Abstract: A breather arrangement for an internal combustion engine includes a hollow cam shaft which is disposed in a cam case of the engine. Blow-by gas in the cam case is admitted into an axial bore of the cam shaft, while oil entrained by the gas is separated by centrifugal forces due to rotation of the cam shaft. This allows only the blow-by gas to be recirculated to an intake system of the engine.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a structure of a divided combustion chamber or a pre-combustion chamber of a Diesel engine of the type, in which the divided combustion chamber is composed of an upper ceramic member having a substantially hemispherical head and a lower ceramic member having an injection port. Either one or both of the upper and lower ceramic members is/are formed with longitudinally and/or transversely extending cut or cuts, slit or slits, and/or groove or grooves at least a portion of the outer surface or surfaces of one or two of those ceramic members. Thus, the resistance of the ceramic members to any rupture is improved so that the divided combustion chamber made of ceramic has highly improved durability.

Abstract: In order to accurately control the operation of the engine while still achieving near optimal swirl rate control, the swirl is controlled by a valve which is separate from the engine throttle valve and which is basically controlled in response to the pressure prevailing across the same. Various operating parameters such as the instant air-fuel ratio of the charge being combusted in the combustion chambers are utilized to modify prerecorded values to those which will induce the best setting for the valve.

Abstract: A system having two look-up tables, one of which is for high idle speed in a first state of a motor vehicle after starting the engine thereof and before depression of the accelerator pedal, and the other of which is for low idle speed in a second state after the accelerator pedal is depressed. The idle speed in the first state is set faster than the second state so as to provide fast idling.

Abstract: A heating device for heating air-fuel mixture to be fed to an internal combustion engine has a PTC heat generator having a flat ring-like form with a portion of the inner peripheral surface thereof directly exposed to the passage for the mixture. The heating device also has a heat radiating member having an inner peripheral heat radiating surface confronting the mixture passage and jointed to the PTC heat generator in heat conducting relation therewith.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine which includes a rate of air-flow measuring device for the supplied combustion air, a fuel-metering arrangement controlled thereby and an ignition point-adjusting mechanism; the operating point during non-steady operation is displaced thereby from a position which is at least approximately optimum as regards fuel consumption, by an additional fuel quantity into a range less favorable from a consumption point of view. With renewed steady operation, the operating point is again readjusted corresponding to its starting position.

Abstract: An idling speed feedback control method for use with an internal combustion engine having electrical load equipment and a generator for supplying electric power to said electrical load equipment, said generator being driven by said engine, wherein an idling speed feedback control amount is effected as a function of the difference between an actual engine speed and a target idling speed. The method comprises the steps of detecting a generating state signal as a function of the field coil current of the generator which represents the generating state of the generator; detecting the actual engine speed; determining an electrical load correction value as a function of the generating state signal and the actual engine speed; and correcting the feedback control amount during idling by an amount corresponding to the correction value.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for controlling the operating characteristic quantities of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes a characteristic field for pre-controlling engine variables influencing the operating characteristic quantities. The characteristic field is made up of the operating characteristic quantities. The apparatus further includes a control arrangement for controlling to maximum power output of the engine. The control arrangement is superposed on the pre-control and includes means for determining corrective values from the control loop in a predetermined operating range of the engine. The corrective values are applied to influence all of the pre-control values of the characteristic field over all operating ranges. With the apparatus of the invention, it is possible in a simple manner to consider changes in the surrounding factors that influence the engine.

Abstract: The spark plug ignition advance control for a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine has a spark ignition circuit associated with each cylinder. The circuit includes an SCR trigger operative to cause the ignition spark. A pulse generator is associated with each cylinder and puts out a control pulse to a latch gate outputing to the ignition circuit. The gate responds to a control pulse to latch in an enabled state. A frequency multiplier receives control pulses from the pulse generator and provides 360 reference pulses for each revolution of the engine. A counter responds to the control pulse to count said reference pulses. A ROM storing ignition timing data corresponding to throttle position. A throttle position sensor provides a control voltage which is applied to an A/D converter which outputs an address in the ROM and the ROM puts out the number of degrees by which the base throttle advance is to be modified and sets the counter to count said reference pulses to said number.

Abstract: A fuel injection control system in an automobile engine comprising an intake system for the supply of air towards the engine and including an air flow sensor, an exhaust system for the discharge of exhaust gases, a supercharger in the intake system for compressing the air flowing towards the engine, and a secondary air supply passage extending between the intake and exhaust systems for the introducing of a portion of the compressed air into the exhaust system and including a secondary air flow sensor. During a normal operating condition, fuel is injected into the engine in a quantity dependent on the difference between the air flow detected by the air flow sensor and the secondary air flow detected by the secondary air flow sensor, but in the event of trouble occurring in the secondary air flow sensor, the fuel is injected in a quantity dependent on the air flow detected by the air flow sensor.

Abstract: Controlling air/fuel ratio perturbations in response to purging of fuel vapors from a vapor canister storing fuel vapors from the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine includes feeding forward an offsetting fuel command signal. The feedforward offsetting fuel command signal is used to change, and thereby compensate, a base fuel command signal applied to a fuel injector controller whenever fuel vapor purging is occurring.

Abstract: A four-stroke piston engine in which air is drawn into a cylinder while rotary motion about the cylinder axis is imparted to the air. Fuel may be blown/injected into the air during its rotation in the cylinder while the fuel supply is located on the axis of the cylinder and supplies at least one jet of fuel directed radially outwardly and which jet of fuel in cooperation with the rotating air forms at least one helical stream of mixture within the cylinder, preferably during the compression stroke, which is transformed into a coherent mixture zone enclosed by a ring of air upon completion of compression. The piston may have a recess when the piston approaches top dead center so that an enriched zone is formed in the lower region of the compression space which can be ignited by electrodes disposed in said lower region of the compression space.

Abstract: The fuel injection system for a diesel engine comprises a pintle type fuel injection nozzle having a valve needle slidable back and forth in the axial direction thereof between a first position in which its front end portion is inserted in a spray hole and a second position in which its front end portion is retracted from the spray hole, fuel supply means for feeding pressurized fuel to the fuel injection nozzle, and a plunger member which is slidable in the axial direction of the valve needle and provided with a front end face opposed to the rear end face of the valve needle and a rear end face adapted to receive the pressure of the pressurized fuel fed to the fuel injection nozzle from the fuel supply means, the valve needle being adapted to be lifted by a predetermined fuel pressure to a pre-lift position where the rear end face of the valve needle abuts against the front end face of the plunger member so that further lift of the valve needle is suppressed by the fuel pressure acting on the rear end face o

Abstract: A distributor for a spark ignition internal combustion engine is driven via a drive spindle 3 which is held via a resilient bush 4 in a drilling in the end of a camshaft 1 of the engine which operates the usual valve gear. Advance and retard are performed electronically. The resilient bush protects the drive spindle 3 and rotor from vibrations of the camshaft.