Abstract: A protection system includes: a first positive terminal; a second positive terminal; a first relay configured to be opened and closed by contact and separation of a first contact portion and a second contact portion; and a fuse.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck includes an insulating base body including a predetermined surface, and an electrode inside the base body, which is layer shaped along the predetermined surface. An upper surface of the electrode facing a side where the predetermined surface is located and the base body are in contact. A gap which is rendered a vacuum or filled with a gas is interposed between a side surface of the electrode and the base body.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter device for selectively connecting a source of AC power from a line side to a load side of the circuit interrupter device includes a controller powered from a source of AC power from a line side. The controller initializes a self-test and determines whether the self-test was successful. The controller outputs a self-test result signal. An electrically-held relay of the device, which is in communication with the controller and is powered from the line side, stays in an OFF state until the self-test result signal indicates the self-test was successful, and enters an ON state if the self-test was successful. When in the OFF state, a load side of the circuit interrupter device is not in electrical communication with the source of AC power, and when in the ON state, the load side is in electrical communication with the source of AC power.

Abstract: An electronic device having an overcurrent protection function is provided. The electronic device includes at least one power converter, the at least one power converter including a power conversion unit to convert input voltage or input current to supply output current, a control unit to adjust the output current, and an overcurrent protection unit to detect the output current and transmit a detection result to the control unit, and wherein the overcurrent protection unit includes an overcurrent extraction module to output a difference between the output current exceeding designated first reference current and the first reference current; a calculation module to calculate an accumulative value obtained by integrating the difference with respect to time, and a first comparison module to compare the accumulative value with a designated critical value and to transmit a first detection result in which the accumulative value exceeds the critical value to the control unit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for protecting an electrical component includes an overload fuse, and a diverter switch connected in parallel with the overload fuse and operable in a first closed position to provide an electrical path for inrush current when the system is energized and in a second open position to direct operating current exclusively through the overload fuse when the system is in normal operating condition.

Abstract: A transport vehicle control system restricts a travel speed of an article transport vehicle to less than or equal to a restrictive speed prescribed in advance, in a case where a temperature sensor detects that the temperature of a regenerative resistor is greater than or equal to a first temperature set to a higher temperature than a steady temperature range which is a temperature range of a steady state prescribed in advance, and disconnects the connection between a power supply unit and a travel motor with a switch, in a case where the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the regenerative resistor is greater than or equal to a second temperature set to a higher temperature than the first temperature.

Abstract: A power device includes one or more electrical components, the electrical components including one or more physical attribute. The power device includes one or more sensors configured to monitor the attribute(s). The power device includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including one or more alerting rule. The power device includes one or more processors configured for retrieving the one or more alerting rule from the storage medium. The processors are configured for monitoring one or more sensor value from the sensor(s), wherein the sensor values are associated with the attribute(s). The processors are configured for evaluating the at least one alerting rule during the monitoring, and when the one or more alerting rule results in a pending failure condition, sending a notification to a user.

Abstract: A fault handling system of a solid-state transformer, including a first power unit and a second power unit that are cascaded and connected is provided. The first power unit includes a first auxiliary supply, a first control module, and a first communication module. The first auxiliary supply and the first control module are both electrically connected to two ends of a first busbar capacitor. The first control module is configured to detect a voltage of the first busbar capacitor. The second power unit includes a second auxiliary supply and a second control module. The second auxiliary supply and the second control module are both electrically connected to two ends of a second busbar capacitor. The first communication module outputs fault information to the second control module when the first control module detects that the voltage of the first busbar capacitor is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: Electrical faults pose a significant risk to people and property. A system is described that deploys instrument devices with sensors to detect faults within an alternating current (AC) electrical distribution system. These sensors may detect electrical, optical, thermal, acoustic, radio frequency, and other phenomena associated with a fault. Data from different sensors may also be used to distinguish fault and non-fault status. Users are notified if a fault status is detected. Mitigating actions may be automatically taken, such as de-energizing a branch circuit associated with the fault status. Information about non-fault status may also be used to mitigate nuisance circuit breaker interruptions. In some situations, a nuisance interruption of a breaker may be automatically reset if all instrument devices connected to the breaker reported non-fault status before the interruption.

Abstract: Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) enabling distributed controls is a requirement for power transmission and distribution, to improve line balancing and distribution efficiency. These FACTS devices are electronic circuits that vary in the type of services they provide. All FACTS devices have internal circuitry to handle fault currents. Most of these circuits are unique in design for each manufacturer, which make these FACTS devices non-modular, non-interchangeable, expensive and heavy. One of the most versatile FACTS device is the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), which is used to inject impedance into the transmission lines to change the power flow characteristics. The addition of integrated fault current handling circuitry makes the SSSC and similar FACTS devices unwieldy, heavy, and not a viable solution for distributed control. What is disclosed are modifications to FACTS devices that move the fault current protection external to the FACTS device and make them modular and re-usable.

Abstract: A system and method for differential protection of a transformer under geomagnetically induced current (GIC).

Abstract: A system includes a generator. Three AC feeders are connected for feeding AC output from the generator. A rectifier is electrically connected to the three AC feeders and to a load via a first DC feeder and a second DC feeder. A first resistor connects between a first one of the DC feeders and ground. A first voltage sensor is operatively connected to detect voltage across the first resistor. A second resistor connects between the second DC feeder and ground. A second voltage sensor is operatively connected to detect voltage across the second resistor. A controller is configured to monitor for changes in common mode voltage based on the input from the first sensor and from the second sensor, and to determine presence of a fault if change in the common mode voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an electrostatic charge measurement tool and dedicated system having a probe configured to scan the surface of a target, and methods for taking the electrostatic charge measurements. In an aspect, the probe is a non-contact electrostatic probe that may be moveable across the surface of the target and be adjustable in its height from the surface of the target. In another aspect, the target is an electrostatic chuck or semiconductor wafer. In a further aspect, the electrostatic charge measurement system may perform insitu measurement of targets without removing them from their working environment.

Abstract: A switching device for opening a current path of a direct-voltage network, which current path has source-side and load-side inductors, the switching device includes at least two switching modules, which are connected in series, each of the switching modules having at least one controllable semiconductor switching element, in parallel with which a series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor is connected. During operation of the switching device in order to open the current path, the controllable semiconductor switching element of at least one of the switching modules is switched into a conductive state with a duty cycle until the energy stored in the inductors has been dissipated, the duty cycle being dependent on the difference between the actual voltage and a target voltage across the semiconductor switching element, the target voltage being calculated at least from the system voltage of the direct-voltage network and the number of switching modules.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for fail-safe protection of circuitry from electrostatic discharge due through input and output connections. The power circuitry may include a string of diodes, connections to power lines, and particular diodes for voltage pull-up and pull-down clamping. There may be both a pull-up third diode in the diode string for connection between I/O and VDD and a pull-down third diode between I/O and VSS. During an ESD event the ESD device is configured to hold voltage from exceeding a threshold voltage and damaging internal circuitry. During operational mode the ESD device is turned off and does not interfere with circuit operations.

Abstract: Exemplary substrate support assemblies may include a chuck body defining a substrate support surface. The substrate support surface may define a plurality of protrusions that extend upward from the substrate support surface. The substrate support surface may define an annular groove and/or ridge. A subset of the plurality of protrusions may be disposed within the annular groove and/or ridge. The substrate support assemblies may include a support stem coupled with the chuck body.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter including a current sensor having a normal sensor output and an over current detection output, a solid state switch module structured to have a closed state to allow current to flow through the circuit interrupter and an open state to interrupt current flowing through the circuit interrupter, a gate driver structured to control the solid state switch module including a desaturation function output, wherein the gate driver is structured to cause the solid state switch module to interrupt current flowing through the circuit interrupter when the DESAT function output changes to the on state, and an electronic trip circuit structured to output a trip signal to the gate driver when the normal sensor output reaches a first threshold level or the overcurrent detection output changes to the on state.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a sensing circuit including a first semiconductor element configured to generate a first current in response to externally incident light, a compensation circuit including a semiconductor element configured to generate a second current depending on an ambient temperature and to remove the second current from the first current to generate a third current, a detection circuit configured to convert the third current into a photovoltage and to compare the photovoltage with a predetermined reference voltage to determine whether an external attack has occurred, and a defense circuit configured to control the semiconductor device to perform a predetermined defense operation, based on a result of the determination.

Abstract: Provided in this disclosure is a control system and method that monitors current in a spreader motor to accurately detect a mechanical overload condition. The invention distinguishes between a short duration high current transient spike caused by sparking of brushes in the DC motor, and a long duration continuous high current caused by a mechanical overload condition in the DC motor. The control system momentarily deactivates and reactivates the motor. If high current is no longer detected, the control system construes this as a transient spike and no fault condition is indicated. If high current persists, the control system construes this as an actual overload condition, and a fault condition is indicated to the operator. In this manner, a selected default current level can be established in the control system which can be selectively reestablished if conditions within the device change over time.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck includes: a ceramic plate; an adsorption electrode that is built in the ceramic plate; and a plurality of connection pads that are built in the ceramic plate to be electrically connected to the adsorption electrode. The connection pads are arranged stepwise.