Abstract: Frame-transfer functional units function as a switch for transferring a frame to a destination retrieved from an FDB. In transferring a frame to a ring selecting unit, the frame-transfer functional units transfers the frame with the frame added with a header in device. RPR functional units execute processing on an RPR frame received from the other communication device or a frame from the frame-transfer functional units with ring processing functional units based on an RPR protocol. The ring selecting unit searches a switch table based on information about the header in device added to the frame with the frame-transfer functional units and the RPR functional units to transfer the frame to a retrieved destination. The ring selecting unit can distribute a frame addressed to one port to plural ports.

Abstract: A routing method of a wireless network system is provided. Paths of the wireless network system are divided into down-stream and up-stream paths. The up-stream paths are reset for each period, or whenever a network is changed, or whenever transmission of data fails more than a predetermined number of times. Accordingly, it is possible to secure an average lifetime of a wireless network system by previously preventing a bottleneck from occurring at a specific node, increase a transmission speed of data by reducing the hop count to the sink node connected to the information collector, and reduce power consumption of a battery.

Abstract: A media portal is provided that is used to connect multimedia devices to other multimedia devices and content servers. When a call directed to a multimedia device busy in a call with the media portal is received, the media portal can provide a call waiting indication to the busy multimedia device without breaking the connection that is making the device busy. For example, if a first multimedia device is connected through the media portal to a content server providing streaming content of a football match, when a second device attempts to place a call to the first device, the media portal can provide a call waiting alert to the first device as part of, or as a substitute for, the delivery of the football match. Additionally the media portal can provide for the eventual connection of both devices while the previous call is still active.

Abstract: A system and method for allowing flexible associations between PHY devices and MAC devices in a point-to-multipoint communications system, such that a given upstream channel is not deterministically bound to a particular MAC device. An upstream MAC device may connect to a varying number of PITY devices depending on configured PHY capacity. Upstream service flows are kept intact by noting Service identifiers (SIDs) of each burst received at a PHY device. A burst is then directed via a switching infrastructure to the appropriate MAC on the basis of the SID.

Abstract: An algorithm for improving efficiency of data attachment points (DAPs) in a wireless access network (AN) is provided herein. By way of example, the algorithm can identify a serving access point (APs) coupling an access terminal (AT) to the wireless AN. A cost metric for the serving AP can be determined with respect to at least one data network access gateway (AGW) of the wireless AN. The cost metric can be compared with a similar cost metric of a current or default DAP assigned to the AT. If the cost metric of the serving AP is lower than the cost metric of the current/default DAP, the DAP can be re-assigned to the serving AP, minimizing wireless AN resource costs associated with the DAP.

Abstract: An on-demand method of routing data between a plurality of local peer groups (LPG). Each LPG includes a plurality of moving nodes. The method comprises transmitting a route request message from a source node, relaying the route request message to a native boundary node; forwarding the route request message to a foreign boundary node, determining if the destination node is within an LPG for the foreign boundary node; relaying the route request message to another boundary node if the destination node is not within the LPG, relaying the route request message to the destination node if the destination node is within the LPG, receiving the routing request message at the destination node, transmitting a routing response to the source node, relaying the routing response to the source node through a path discovered by the route request, receiving the routing response at the source node, and transmitting the data, upon receipt of the routing response.

Abstract: A method of establishing a connection traversing at least one network address translation (NAT) gateway is presented. In the method, a bind request is sent from a source device to a mediation element via a NAT gateway. A bind response associated with the bind request is received. A connection request is sent to the mediation element. The mediation element causes the connection request to be sent to a destination device. A connection response associated with the connection request is received. A hello message is sent to a predicted destination address. The predicted destination address is based on an address received in the connection response. A data connection is established between the source device and the destination device using the predicted destination address.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for testing a processor having at least a first interface. In one embodiment, the method includes configuring, at the processor, a second interface, such that the configured second interface has one or more quality of service parameters representative of the first interface; sending one or more packets through the configured second interface, the one or more packets being representative of another packet received at the first interface; and determining, based on the one or more packets, one or more performance parameters corresponding to the first interface under test.

Abstract: Techniques for regulating streams in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network are provided. By establishing a priority of a stream, certain users may have some level of assurance that their stream will be received by other peers. The priority may be established based on a variety of parameters including, for example, an identification of the user, a communications channel used for a multicast session, and/or a role of the user.

Abstract: An active node of a communications network includes a forwarding component for forwarding a packet of an active application, a processor for processing the packet, and a forwarding control component for modifying path data associated with the packet, based on the processing. The forwarding component can forward said packet directly to the network or via the processor. The processing can include executing code contained within the packet, and/or executing code to process application data in the packet. The path data can include the MPLS label stack of the packet and/or MPLS tables of the forwarding component. To allow processing based on multiple labels of a packet, the forwarding component can include a loopback connection between its input and output ports.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing network devices maintains state data in a memory corresponding to a current status for each one of a plurality of connections. Received and transmitted segment identifiers relate each received segment to one of the connections. Each received and transmitted segment is processed and advanced according to a TCP standard and the state data for each segment is updated in the memory. Statistics are collected for each segment as they are processed.

Abstract: A Virtual Group Connection (VGC) scheme for grouping ATM connections. A plurality of VPCs, VCCs, or both are managed together as a single virtual data pipe having a pool of common connection resources (e.g., bandwidth, buffering, etc.) associated therewith. Shaping, grooming, policing, switching, and other traffic engineering operations may be performed on a VGC as a single connection hierarchy operable to be associated with a single customer.

Abstract: A method for establishing an emergency call includes: if an emergency call request message sent by a User Equipment (UE) contains an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem Public User Identity (IMPU) in a TEL URI format, a Proxy-Call Session Control Function entity (P-CSCF) generates an IMPU in a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URI format according to the IMPU in the TEL URI format, sends both IMPUs to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), and receives an emergency callback initiated by the PSAP. The PSAP initiates the emergency callback according to one of the two IMPUs. A system for establishing an emergency call includes a UE, a P-CSCF and a PSAP. The PSAP can always acquire the IMPU in the TEL URI format and the IMPU in the SIP URI format of the UE, and initiate an emergency callback to the UE according to the IMPU in the SIP URI format.

Abstract: A method for activation of circuits in telecommunications networks comprises a first step in which circuits are preplanned in the network and local definition data are distributed to network members (NE) for connection of sections of the preplanned circuits. In a second step, when it is desired to activate a preplanned circuit, activation messages for the connection of sections making up the preplanned circuit to be activated and which are defined by the data previously distributed to the network members are propagated in the network in cascade among the network members affected by the preplanned circuit by means of overhead bytes of the frames circulating in the network. The data are made up of indexed tables defining pairs formed from “next point (TP) to be connected” and “index” to be propagated for the following cross-connection. A network functioning in accordance with the method is also proposed.

Abstract: A communication device includes a receiving unit, a setting storage unit that stores information to represent a source address of a packet to be discarded, a discard determination unit that determines whether a packet received by the receiving unit should be discarded based on the information stored in the setting storage unit, a transmission control unit that discards a packet determined to be discarded and transmits downstream a packet determined not to be discarded, a report unit that reports information on discarding of a packet to a predetermined report destination when the packet is to be discarded, a report history storage unit that stores the source address of the packet as a cause of report when the report unit reports the information, and a report necessity determination unit that determines whether information on discarding of a packet needs to be reported.

Abstract: A method for processing a packet comprising an ordered sequence of packet parts is disclosed. The method uses a set of hardware processing modules, and the method comprises the steps of broadcasting, in a step the next header field of a received packet part to the set of processing modules, and processing, in a step the received packet part by a sub-set of the modules dependent upon the broadcast next header field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and devices that support mobility of a client across a campus, particularly mobility across VLANs and subnets, while preserving the client's assigned IP address. Both layer 2 and layer 3 packets are supported. Mobility support most clearly applies to wireless clients, but could apply to other kinds of mobile connections, even to wired connections. A smart server is adapted to support multiple VLANs and to modify and redirect packets in sessions with a client that moves from one VLAN to another, preserving the client's assigned EP address. Two or more smart servers, in cooperation with a smart manger, modify packets and tunnel them between smart servers when a client that moves from one VLAN to another and from one smart server to another, again preserving the client's assigned IF address.

Abstract: Multiple subscriber devices are connected to a network device via one or more network switches. The network device transmits multicast traffic to the subscriber devices. In particular, the network device may receive membership requests for a multicast group from the subscriber devices via the network switch on a first interface, i.e., a mapping interface. The network device sends a multicast stream associated with the multicast group to the network switch on a second interface, i.e. an outgoing interface (OIF). Upon receiving a membership request, the network device maps the membership request to an OIF dedicated to the multicast group. In this way, when multiple subscriber devices connected to the same switch request the same multicast stream, each membership request will map to the same OIF. The network device sends one copy of the multicast stream to the network switch on the dedicated OIF.

Abstract: Routing calls includes receiving a call request at a call manager from a first endpoint. The call request includes a uniform resource identifier that associates with a second endpoint. A determination is made whether the call request associates with the call manager that received the call request. To route the call request, the call manager searches a call search space for a match to the call request. The call manager communicates the call request to the routing target.

Abstract: A subscriber unit including an interface and a processor to transmit a first request to a wireless communication system by way of the interface to request a communication session in a first communication mode with one or more users; communicate with the one or more users by way of the interface in the communication session and in the first communication mode; transmit, while in the communication session, a second request to the wireless communication system by way of the interface to switch the first communication mode to a different second communication mode; and communicate with the one or more users by way of the interface in the communication session and in the second communication mode.