Abstract: A system for a practice electrode (e.g. dart) for a conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”). An officer issued a CEW is required to practice with the CEW in order to maximize its safe and effective use in a stressful situation. Preferably, training is performed using equipment as similar as possible to the equipment an officer uses in the field. Training with a CEW against a live target may be improved, at least from the perspective of the target, by using a practice dart that is similar in weight and flight to a conventional electrode, but that does not pierce target clothing or tissue or deliver a high voltage current through the target. A practice dart may be similar to a conventional electrode but include additional structure (e.g. cap) that prevents piercing. The additional structure and/or a non-conductive filament may reduce a likelihood of or preclude delivery a current through the target.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method for controlling a microagent in a workspace. The method includes providing a plurality of magnetic sources and generating a rotating gradient magnetic field by activating the plurality of magnetic sources differently such that a driving force is created to drive the microagent towards an aggregation center in the workspace.

Abstract: A method of operating a power protection system coupled between a power source and a power converter includes producing, by a controller of the power protection system, a driving signal to a cut-off switch of the power protection system to electrically couple the power source to the power converter; detecting, by the controller of the power protection system, a fault condition of the power converter while the power converter is in operation, where the detecting includes detecting, by the controller of the power protection system, that a current flowing through the cut-off switch is above a pre-determined threshold while a gate control signal from the power converter indicates an OFF state for a first current path of the power converter; and in response to detecting the fault condition, turning off, by the controller of the power protection system, the cut-off switch to isolate the power source from the power converter.

Abstract: A substrate support pedestal comprises an electrostatic chuck, a cooling base, a gas flow passage, a porous plug, and a sealing member. The electrostatic chuck comprises body having a cavity. The cooling base is coupled to the electrostatic chuck via a bond layer. The gas flow passage is formed between a top surface of the electrostatic chuck and a bottom surface of the cooling base. The gas flow passage further comprises the cavity. The porous plug is positioned within the cavity to control the flow of gas through the gas flow passage. The sealing member is positioned in a groove formed in the cooling base and configured to form a seal between the cooling base and one or both of the porous plug and the body of the electrostatic chuck.

Abstract: An insulating system to reduce or eliminate the possibility of arcing while the pressure within a chamber is being varied is disclosed. The system is operable at cryogenic temperatures, such that the insulating system is able to accommodate dimensional changes due to thermal contraction. The insulating system, which includes a housing having one or more bores, is disposed between the two components which are to be electrically connected. An electrical contact, which may be spring loaded, passes through the bore and is used to electrically connect the two components. The ends of the electrical contact are surrounded by an insulating extender which extends from the housing. In one embodiment, a spring-loaded piston is used as the insulating extender. This insulating extender compensates for changes in dimension due to thermal contraction and covers the portion of the electrical contact that extends beyond the outer surface of the housing.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.

Abstract: A system and method in an electronic system including multiple serial ports, each coupled to a port controller circuit. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a monitor terminal at each port controller circuit, each monitor terminal having a first resistance value; connecting together electrically at least two of the monitor terminals of the port controller circuits of the multiple serial ports; and sensing, at each port controller circuit, a first voltage at the monitor terminal. In operation, when the first voltage is outside a predetermined voltage window, a first signal is generated at a first port controller circuit where the first signal has a state indicating a failure detected in at least one of the port controller circuits with connected monitor terminals.

Abstract: A system includes a first USB Type-C Power Delivery (USB-C/PD) port and a control circuit operatively coupled to the first USB-C/PD port. The control circuit is configured to determine whether a short circuit condition has occurred. The control circuit is also configured to turn off a ground isolation switch when short circuit condition occurs. The control circuit is further configured to determine a whether a voltage on a configuration channel line (CC line) is greater than a first threshold voltage. The control circuit is further configured to determine whether the voltage on the CC line is less than a second threshold voltage. The control circuit is further configured to turn on the ground isolation switch when the voltage on the CC line is less than the second threshold voltage. The control circuit may perform one or more error recovery operations after turning on the ground isolation switch.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus to facilitate a fault triggered diode emulation mode of a transistor. An example apparatus includes a driver to output a control signal to a gate terminal of a transistor of a power converter; and a diode emulation control circuit to, in response to determining a fault corresponding to the transistor, enable the transistor when current flows in a direction from a source terminal of the transistor to a drain terminal of the transistor.

Abstract: Provided are a protection circuit and a photovoltaic system capable of irreversibly interrupting a current path of photovoltaic units such as solar cells by a signal in an emergency such as a fire. The protection circuit includes: a photovoltaic units 26, a protection element 2 provided on a current path of the photovoltaic units 26, and a switch 3 for activating the protection element 2, wherein the protection element 2 irreversibly interrupts the current path of the photovoltaic units 26.

Abstract: Described are electrostatic chucks that are useful to support a workpiece during a step of processing the workpiece, the electrostatic chuck including embossments that are made of multiple deposited layers, the layers including diamond-like carbon layers and layers that contain silicon-based materials such as silicon carbide layers.

Abstract: In one example, an electrostatic chuck comprises a chuck body having a top surface configured to support a substrate and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The chuck body comprises one or more chucking electrodes, and one or more heating elements. The chuck body further comprises first terminals disposed on the bottom surface of the chuck body and coupled with the one or more heating elements, second terminals disposed on the bottom surface of the chuck body and coupled with the one or more chucking electrodes, and third terminals disposed on the bottom first surface of the chuck body and coupled with the one or more chucking electrodes.

Abstract: Exemplary support assemblies may include an electrostatic chuck body defining a support surface that defines a substrate seat. The assemblies may include a support stem coupled with the chuck body. The assemblies may include a heater embedded within the chuck body. The assemblies may include a first bipolar electrode embedded within the electrostatic chuck body between the heater and support surface. The assemblies may include a second bipolar electrode embedded within the chuck body between the heater and support surface. The assemblies may include at least one inner capacitive sensor embedded within the electrostatic chuck body at a position proximate a center of the substrate seat. The assemblies may include at least one outer capacitive sensor embedded within the electrostatic chuck body at a position proximate a peripheral edge of the substrate seat.

Abstract: A magnetic field application device according to an embodiment includes a first coil assembly and a second coil assembly spaced apart in parallel from each other, a power supply configured to apply respective currents to the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly, a controller, and a resonator accommodation unit disposed between the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly, wherein each of the first coil assembly and the second coil includes a coil configured to generate a magnetic field, a guide member connected to a terminal of the coil, a magnetic material mount connected to a terminal of the guide member, and a magnetic material fixed to the magnetic material mount, and wherein the controller is configured to control the currents applied from the power supply to the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly.

Abstract: A method and system is provided which monitors and regulates induced ground-line power on a structure or organism. Further a method and system is disclosed which monitors and regulates induced ground-line power by regulating and harnessing small current flows generated by induced EMF exposure on the structure or organism as they flow through the attached system to an Earth ground connection point.

Abstract: A leakage voltage detection system can be easily mounted on a ground structure such as an existing street light or a traffic light and can detect a leakage voltage of an electric structure in real time. The leakage voltage detection system includes a sensor node mounted on a ground structure, and an equipment management server that determines a risk of a leakage voltage in the ground structure based on detection voltage information from the sensor node. The sensor node includes an electric field probe that measures a potential difference caused by an electric field detected by electrodes, and a sensor box that detects the potential difference between the electrodes of the electric field probe and transmits the potential difference to the equipment management server as a detection voltage.

Abstract: A smart earth leakage circuit breaker is installed on a distribution line through which an electric current flows. The breaker measures, by means of a CT, a leakage current flowing through the distribution line, and if the measured current exceeds a preset rated sensitivity current, cuts off electricity by means of trip operation. The smart earth leakage circuit breaker further comprises: a measurement unit tracking and measuring, based on measurement information of the CT, a value of the leakage current exceeding an alarm current value; the MPU setting conditionality and the alarm current value less than the rated sensitivity current and when the conditionality is satisfied based on information measured by the measurement unit, issuing a warning by means of an alarm unit; and the alarm unit operated and controlled by the MPU and warning of an abnormal symptom of the distribution line.

Abstract: A power detection circuit is provided. The power detection circuit includes a comparator circuit operative to generate an output signal in response to an input signal. The output signal is configured to change from a first value to a second value in response to the input signal attaining a first threshold value. The output signal is configured to change from the second value to the first value in response to the input signal subsequently attaining a second threshold value. A current limiting circuit is connected to the comparator circuit and operative to limit a leakage current of the comparator circuit.

Abstract: A system for limiting a peak current of short-circuit current comprises a first high-frequency branch configured to provide a first high-frequency current to a first switch (1SKa) of a first phase branch of a three-phase AC when the first phase branch occurs a short-circuit; a second high-frequency branch configured to provide a second high-frequency current to a second switch (1SKc) of a second phase branch of the three-phase AC when the second phase branch occurs a short-circuit; and a third phase branch of the three-phase AC connected in parallel with the first phase branch and the second phase branch and configured to always supply power.

Abstract: Electrical circuit arrangement for an energy storage system comprising a first electrochemical energy storage device and a second electrochemical energy storage device.