Abstract: At the transmitter end, route information is converted to allocated frequency mixes that are used to produce route signals by modulating a carrier signal. The route signals produced are placed in front of and/or after at least one data packet and are transmitted within an optical data packet stream. At the receiver end, the route information is evaluated in terms of the frequency mix used for the modulation and the data packets are switched using the route information obtained from the frequency mixes.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and instructions for processing packets within a routing switch uses a multiprocessor architecture. The routing switch includes a switch fabric, a Routing Table Processing Unit, at least one packet buffer for queuing incoming and outgoing packets, at least one Packet Processing Unit, and a shared memory for storing a routing table. A Packet Processing Unit retrieves packets from a packet buffer memory, which may be a shared memory accessible to more than one of the Packet Processing Units depending upon the internal configuration of the components. The Packet Processing Unit categorizes the packets into routing information packets and data packets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for exchanging audio/visual information between a caller and a called party through the Internet. The method includes the steps of setting up a session link between the caller and called party using a tunneled real time control protocol and collecting audio and video information from the caller and called party. The method further includes the steps of forming the audio and video portions into data objects, attaching a time stamp to each formed data object and exchanging the formed audio and video data objects as real time packets using a transport control protocol between the caller and called party through the session link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that provide for a Layer 2 path determination are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a Layer 3 path between a source device and destination device is first determined in order to identify contiguous pairs of Layer 3 devices. A subpath is then determined for each contiguous pair of Layer 3 devices based on VLAN and spanning tree information associated with the contiguous pair. The Layer 2 path is a concatenation of the subpaths of all the contiguous pairs in the Layer 3 path.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding and transmitting data with a spread-spectrum packet-switched system. Data to be transmitted by a packet transmitter are encoded for privacy and to restrict intelligent receipt of the data to the intended recipient. The encoded data is demultiplexed into sub-data-sequence signals which are spread-spectrum processed and then combined as a multichannel spread-spectrum signal. The multichannel spread-spectrum signal is concatenated with a header to output a packet-spread-spectrum signal which is transmitted over radio waves to a packet receiver. The packet receiver obtains timing for the multichannel spread-spectrum signal from the header. The multichannel spread-spectrum signal is then despread and multiplexed as received-encoded data. The received-encoded data is decoded by the intended recipient and stored in a receiver memory for output.

Abstract: An add/drop cross connection apparatus of an SDH system, comprises an aggregate unit matching device for providing matching with the aggregate units, a higher order path connection circuit for subjecting received higher order path data to cross connection by space switching, a lower order path connection circuit for subjecting received lower order path data to cross connection by space switching, and a selector for selectively delivering the data supplied from the aggregate units, higher order tributary device, and lower order tributary device, wherein the selector delivers the data to the higher order path connection circuit or lower order path connection circuit according as the data is the higher or lower order path data.

Abstract: A system and method for servicing a call request within a telecommunications system includes and involves a client sub-system that is configured to generate a call request and to transmit the same via the Internet. The call request includes a call termination address and a service identifier. The call termination address corresponds to a call termination station that is coupled to a switching system that is coupled to the telecommunications system. Also included and involved is an intelligent services network that is coupled to the client sub-system via the Internet and which is operative to receive and validate the call request and to process the call request in accordance with the service identifier. A telephony gateway sub-system is coupled to the intelligent services network via the switching system and to the client sub-system via the Internet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of establishing an audio call path between an Internet user accessing a web site and an agent of the web site is provided. The method includes the steps of proving a web site with a plurality of audio access icons and a plurality of agent groups and associating an agent group of the plurality of agent groups with each audio-access icon of the web site. The method further includes establishing a voice path between the user and an agent of the associated agent group based upon activation of a audio-access icon by the user.

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, having a packet zone list timer embodied at a mobile node operable in a packet radio communication system. The packet zone list timer provides hysteresis to reduce the possibility of a ping-pong effect when a mobile node is operated at, or crosses, a packet zone boundary. A timer value used by the packet zone timer is selected at the mobile node without the need for network-generated commands to notify the mobile node of the timer value. Comparisons are made at the mobile node, and determinations are made at the mobile node as to whether registration of the mobile node is required.

Abstract: A dedicated bandwidth switch backplane has efficient receive processing capable of handling highly parallel traffic. Packets must pass a filtering check and a watermark check before the receive port is allowed to release them to a queue. Highly efficient algorithms are applied to conduct the checks on the packets in a way which expedites receive processing and avoids contention. A hybrid priority/port-based arbitration algorithm is used to sequence filtering checks on pending packets. A watermark comparison algorithm performs preliminary calculations on the current packet using “projected” output queue write addresses for each possible outcome of the queueing decision on the preceding packet and using the actual outcome to select from among preliminary calculations to efficiently address the outcome-dependence of the current packet's watermark check on the queueing decision made on the preceding packet.

Abstract: A CAS data processing apparatus of an STM-1 interface block which is capable of processing CAS signaling data in real time is disclosed. The CAS data processing apparatus of the STM-1 interface block preferably includes a plurality of framers, which separately read signaling data streams from 21 E1 links, a CPU, which outputs a start signal in the CAS signaling data processing, a CAS signaling processing unit, which reformats the signaling data streams inputted from the plurality of the framers into report data in order of the each link, and a Common Memory, which stores the report data outputted from the CAS signaling processing unit.

Abstract: A method of audio communication utilizing media datagrams between a first telephony client located behind a network address translation (NAT) server and a remote second telephony client is disclosed. Each client utilizes a single port number for both sending and receiving media datagrams. A media datagram is sent from the first telephony client to the second telephony client on a UDP/IP channel utilizing a destination IP address and port number provided by the second telephony client. The second telephony client extracts the source IP address and source port number from the received media datagram to determine if the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server. If the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server, the extracted source IP address and port number are stored and used to send media datagrams to the first telephony client located behind the NAT server.

Abstract: A communication device which comprises transfer rate estimation means for estimating transfer rate of media data other than digital audio data before transmission, data amount controlling means for controlling data amount of the digital audio data to be transmitted in accordance with the transfer rate estimated by said transfer rate estimation means, and transmission means for transmitting the audio data whose data amount is controlled by said data amount controlling means and the media data other than the audio data.

Abstract: A system shapes traffic in a multiport network device. The system includes multiple token buckets and token bucket logic. The token buckets correspond to multiple priority queues of the multiple output ports of the network device and store one or more tokens. Each of the tokens corresponds to a byte of one or more received packets to be transmitted by the network device. The token bucket control logic generates the tokens for the token buckets. The token bucket control logic includes a master counter and multiple bucket counters. The master counter counts to a first count value and generates a done signal when the count reaches the first count value. The bucket counters, corresponding to the token buckets, receive the done signal, count to a second count value, and generate a token increment signal for storing a token in the corresponding token buckets when the count reaches the second count value.

Abstract: A decoder is provided which includes a demultiplexing unit for separating a multiplexed stream into plural streams by a demultiplexing process and a decoding unit for carrying out a decoding process for one of the plural separated streams, wherein the decoder selects one of the plural separated streams to output the same to the decoding unit such that a decoding process for one stream in the decoding unit is switched to a decoding process for another stream. The decoder is thus able to decode plural streams composing a multiplexed stream with one decoding unit.

Abstract: A method for decreasing routing latency of a switching platform comprises identifying ports which have changed their operational state and modifying the port polling code associated with the respective ports so that operational ports are polled for frames to be routed, while non-operational ports are not polled. In one embodiment, the method is implemented in a fibre channel switch. Non-operational ports are identified as having operational states below a pre-determined threshold level of functionality. The polling code for the ports is modified while polling operations are carried out in the switch. The code for a newly operational port is modified by copying into the code one or more instructions that poll the port for a frame and routes the frame. The code for a newly non-operational port is modified by copying into the code a branch instruction that bypasses the remainder of the polling code for the port.

Abstract: A system and method of scheduling radio resources in a packet-switched wireless communications network. A plurality of data packets from a plurality of users are placed in a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) queue and are sequentially selected and analyzed for transmission. If a selected packet has an instantaneous radio channel quality (C/I) greater than a historical channel quality value, the packet is transmitted. If the instantaneous C/I is not greater than the historical value, it is determined whether the selected packet has been held for longer than a threshold time period. If so, the selected packet is transmitted. If neither condition is met, the selected packet is temporarily held in its position in the queue while analyzing the next packet for transmission. If no packets qualify for transmission, the packet in the first position is transmitted. After each transmission, the analysis starts again at the head of the queue.

Abstract: A control method of assigning a channel so as to cope flexibly with voice and high speed data communication services having different transmission rates in code-division multiple connection communications. A load required for a channel processing is compared with an allowable load, and a channel is assigned within the allowable load. When assignment of a busy channel is changed so as to be processed in another hardware, the synchronization of the processing is established first at the destination, then the channel is switched. It is thus possible to distribute hardware resources and software processings efficiently to users.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for gated transmission in a CDMA communication system. A mobile station in the CDMA communication system transmits a reverse pilot signal at a reverse gating rate different from a forward gating rate in a gated mode in a control hold state, and a base station transmits a forward pilot signal at the forward gating rate different from the forward gating rate in a gated mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a network performance metric in a network is described. The network includes a number of network elements and a number of links. Each of the network elements is coupled to at least one other of the network elements by at least one of the links. The method includes forming a first set of network element pairs, ordering a first number of network element pairs, forming a second set of network element pairs, measuring a measured network performance metric between a first network element pair and computing a computed network performance metric.