Abstract: Apparatus for taking smear samples of the surface of objects for sampling radiation or chemical contamination levels. Both wiping area and pressure are controlled giving reliable, repeatable samples. A carriage provided with sampling strips is slideably mounted within a frame. Constant force springs pull the carriage across a known distance upon its release while a pressure roller on the carriage presses the sample strip to the area to be sampled. The sample strip is wound on a take-up reel as each sample is taken. The device is intended for remote or hazardous environments and may be operated manually or by robotics.

Abstract: A motorcycle speedometer assembly includes a casing, and a display face on the casing; a first rotary indicator at the display face and rotatable about a first axis, there being first speed indicating indicia on the display first face with which the indicator registers as it rotates about the axis; a first drive responsive to motorcycle forward speed and connected with the first indicator for rotating the indicator in proportion to motorcycle speed to register with corresponding first indicia; and a second indicator at the display face and rotatable about a second axis to indicate motorcycle engine RPM, the second axis offset from the first axis, there being second indicia on the display face with which the second indicator registers as it rotates about the second axis, the second indicia indicating tachometer increasing values of RPM; and a second drive responsive to motorcycle engine RPM and connected with the second indicator for rotating the second indicator in proportion to engine speed to register with

Abstract: A gas monitor for detecting the presence of absence of a noble gas in the space between two window glazing panels. The monitor is preferably non-reactive with the noble gas, but reactive in a visible way with ambient air. When the noble gas leaks out of the space between the glazing panels and ambient air infiltrates, the monitor provides a visual indicator of the occurrence.

Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection probe for locating and sizing flaws in the radius region (20) and adjacent areas of a laminated structure (10), such as a composite "T" stiffener (30). The probe includes a plurality of shoes (48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) that are arranged for coordinated movement relative to the part under inspection. Each shoe includes a plurality of ultrasonic transducers that are arranged in predetermined adjacent relationships to one another and operated in timed sequence in one or more through-transmission, pulse echo or loss-of-back modes to effect an ultrasonic scan in one direction through the part while the transducers are moved together in another direction along the part. Inspection of the radius region is effected using combinations of angular pulse echo inspection (PEF, PEA, LL45P, RL45P), "radius-to-radius" through-transmission inspection at an angle through the radius region (RTT, RTR, L37.5T, L37.5R, U37.5T, U37.

Abstract: A method is provided for generating an improved torque-drag model for at least the collar portion of the drill string in a directional oil or gas well. The technique of the present invention determine the stiffness of incremental portions of the drill string, and uses this information, the borehole clearance, and the borehole trajectory to determine the contact locations between the drill string and the sidewalls of the well. The contact force at these determined locations can be calculated, taking into consideration all significant kinematic, external, and internal forces acting on that incremental portion of the drill string. More acurate torque-drag analysis provided by the improved model of the present invention assists in well planning, prediction, and control, assists in avoiding drilling problems, and reduces total costs for the well.

Abstract: In a system for analyzing a chemical sample by chromatographic separation of said sample into components a method and apparatus are provided for maximizing detector resolution and minimizing duration by maintaining the linear velocity of the mobile phase at a desired level by affecting the viscosity and density characteristics of the mobile phase as it passes through a restrictor by programming the restrictor temperature.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining Young's Modulus of a specimen by measuring the speed at which stress waves, either P-waves or S-waves, propagate therein. An embodiment of the apparatus includes two fixtures which are removably affixed to opposite ends of the specimen. A hammer having an accelerometer affixed to its head is used to strike the first fixture to produce stress waves in the specimen. A timer starts counting in response to an output generated by the accelerometer when the hammer strikes the first fixture. A second accelerometer affixed to the second fixture detects the stress waves and generates an output which causes the timer to stop counting. Further circuitry extracts the measured time, calculates a dispersion time delay based on material and length, and subtracts the dispersion time delay and a predetermined constant, both dependent on the material in the specimen, from the measured time to form a corrected transit time.

Abstract: A measuring system for use with automated pipettes for determining the presence or absence of a pipette tip. The central conduit of the pipette is connected to a source of pressure waves, such as a speaker and also connected to a pressure wave detector, such as a microphone. Changes in acoustic impedance between an open conduit when no tip is present, a partially constricted conduit when a tip is present, and a closed conduit when the liquid boundary layer is contacted determine the measured states of the apparatus.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system has a container with an integrally attached sample cell. A selected fluid can be accumulated in the container. The sample cell can be filled with part of the fluid in the container and then isolated from the container by heat or dielectric sealing. The fluid in the sample cell can be brought into contact with selected test reagents. The test reagents can provide a visual indicia of the presence of selected characteristics in the fluid.

Abstract: Off-highway trucks generally rely on a suspension system which employs a plurality of gas-over-liquid type struts. These struts are critical to proper operation of the vehicle such that a single collapsed strut can have serious manifestations in structural damage, tire wear, and payload monitor accuracy. These consequences can be mitigated by an accurate and reliable strut monitor. Pressure type sensors are disposed on each of the struts and their pressure is monitored during three critical phases of operation. These phases include static, loading, and roading modes and each mode requires a distinct method for detecting a collapsing strut. The presence of a collapsing strut, detected by any of the three methods, is communicated to the vehicle operator whereby operation can be immediately suspended. The system avoids the serious consequences of vehicle operation with a collapsed strut by providing the operator with immediate and positive feedback on the condition of the struts.

Abstract: A method of detecting a possible leak in a vacuum package, including placing the package in a gauging space, shutting off the gauging space, applying a pressure in the closed gauging space higher than that in the vacuum package, and gauging the pressure in the gauging space as function of the time for a predetermined gauging period. At least two identical vacuum packages are each placed in a separate gauging space of identical size. A mutually identical initial pressure is applied in the closed gauging spaces and the pressure variation is simultaneously gauged in the closed gauging spaces, while the difference in pressure variation between the two gauging spaces is determined. An apparatus is used which includes at least two gauging spaces of identical size, each for receiving an identical vacuum package. These gauging spaces are connectable to a common space. The gauging space can be shut off from the common space. The pressure can be simultaneously gauged as a function of the time in each gauging space.

Abstract: Radio frequency pulses (40, 50, 60) having tip angles in the range of 5.degree. to 15.degree. are applied concurrently with slice select gradient pulses (42, 52, 62) to tip a component of the magnetization into a transverse plane. Phase encode gradients (44, 54, 64) phase encode magnetic resonance echoes (48, 58, 68) which are collected in the presence of read gradients (46, 56, 66). The magnitude of components of the slice select , read, and phase encode gradients along three system axes (grad1, grad2, grad3) are different in conjunction with each echo such that each echo represents a view of data along a different slice through a region of interest. The tip angle (.alpha.) and duration (t) between RF pulses are selected such that the magnetization of dipoles within the most recently selected slice regrows along the magnetic field axis until it is indistinguishable over integrated noise from the magnetization corresponding to other dipoles in the image region.

Abstract: An oceanographic sampling bottle providing low drag for a rapid descent rate and low susceptibility to leakage after sample acquisition. The sampling bottle comprises streamlined inlet and outlet valve members shaped and positioned to avoid flow separation. The bottle with valves occupies a relatively small cross-sectional area facilitating design of a rosette or cluster of bottles. A hollow resilient conduit interconnecting the inlet and outlet valves draws the valves against seats on the sampling bottle when released. Vents in the conduit provide pressure equalization.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of determining the energy content of a hydrocarbon gas mixture having a diluent gas. The dielectric constant of the hydrocarbon gas mixture and diluent gas is measured, the gas mixture is then directed through a separation column which extracts a mixture containing the diluent gas. The dielectric constant of the extracted mixture is then measured, and the energy content of the hydrocarbon gas mixture and dilute gas is calculated from the dielectric measurements. After use, the separator column and dielectric measuring cell are purged of the residual gases.

Abstract: An ultrasonic mine survey probe is disclosed for providing quantitative profile data in cylindrical coordinates of mine stopes, caves and other underground openings. The probe comprises a probe body adapted to be lowered at several vertical positions in an underground opening and containing a non-rotating transducer assembly adapted to generate a beam of ultrasonic energy longitudinally in the probe body, a beam focussing assembly for focussing the beam of ultrasonic energy generated by the transducer assembly, a beam reflecting device for directing the focussed beam of ultrasonic energy radially outward from the probe body toward the wall of the underground opening during transmission and to redirect the echo signals from the wall of the underground opening toward the transducer assembly. The probe body further contains means for moving the beam deflecting device at predetermined angular positions over a 360.degree.

Abstract: Certain wellbore fluid stimulation treatments may be monitored by a system including instrumented manifolds which may be connected between a base fluid source and a blending unit and between the blending unit and fluid injection pumps, respectively for measuring flow rates of the base fluid, the fluid additives and the fluid composition formed by the base fluid and the fluid additives. Instruments are also provided for measuring fluid temperature, pH, viscosity and flow behavior indexes (n', K') and fluid density. Quality control and determination of pressure losses in the wellbore together with modeling of stimulation treatments may be carried out by the continuous monitoring of parameters with the base fluid manifold and the mixed composition manifold.

Abstract: A novel mechanical testing grip is disclosed which accounts for both eccentricity between the load cell and cross head, as well as machining tolerances in the specimen. The device includes a ball and socket joint disposed between two alignment members and secured by connecting members. The connecting members have curved elements for contacting correspondingly curved apertures of the alignment members so that substantially no extra force is exerted upon the test specimen. The grip does not require any heating or excessive waiting periods prior to conducting a mechanical test and can reduce the misalignment of a mechanical test specimen below about 0.02.degree. from the load axis.

Abstract: A fluid leak detector has a body with a chamber provided with a fluid inlet and outlet. A valve is disposed between the inlet and outlet and the valve closure member is connected to a diaphragm. Fluid in the chamber applies pressure on the diaphragm and the detector includes means which allow the valve to be open at a pressure greater than a predetermined value and cause the valve to close at pressures below that value, which may be due to a fluid leak. The detector has a safety lock-off mechanism which locks the valve once it has closed and which must be reset to allow the valve to open when fluid pressure has been restored. The detector also provides a visual indication of fluid leaks. A fluid supply installation incorporating the fluid leak detector will shut down the fluid supply if a leak is detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for the detection of impact frequencies in moving railway train bearings which are characteristic of bearing defects. The apparatus transduces acoustic vibrations of the bearings into an electrical signal and extracts an envelope modulated carrier frequency component from the electric signal. The envelope is extracted from the carrier frequency component and is analyzed by a bandpass filter. The bandpass filter includes a switch capacitor filter controlled by a master clock which, in turn, is controlled by train speed and/or direction sensors positioned along the track on which the train travels.

Abstract: A method for sampling cement and determining the cement-to-water ratio includes use of a device having an elongated, hollow probe for insertion into a batch of cement mix. The probe has an aggregate separator at one end and a chamber at the other end. A manually actuated piston subjects the chamber to a vacuum to draw the cement mix through the aggregate separator and through a sand collector into the chamber. A hydrophilic cement filter surrounds the chamber with a hydroscopic filter surrounding the hydrophilic filter. As the sample is drawn into the chamber, it passes through the hydrophilic filter into the hydroscopic filter. The weights of the collected cement and water are then determined after taking into account the original weight of the filters.