Abstract: A formation testing apparatus is shown for testing subsurface earth formations penetrated by a borehole. A tester body has two longitudinally spaced sealing pads which are used to isolate a portion of the well bore from well bore fluids. A pair of sample collectors are carried by the body and communicate thru openings provided in the sealing pads for receiving samples of connate fluids produced from the surrounding formations. A pair of control fluid passages containing a control fluid of known density are pressure communicative with the connate fluid contained in each sample passageway. A pressure sensor is provided for sensing the pressure of the known density fluid in the control fluid passages and for comparing the pressures to determine a fluid pressure-depth gradient from which the nature of the connate fluid in the earth formations adjacent the formation testing device can be predicted.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing the surface properties of a material is disclosed. The apparatus includes an indentor which is suspended above the surface of a sample and dropped onto the sample. Several testing methods are also disclosed. Surface toughness is measured by dropping the indentor from a variable height and inspecting the surface for failure. Thin film strength is tested by making several drops from various heights and inspecting the surface for flaking of the layer. In addition, damping capacity can be measured by comparing the kinetic energy of the resulting from the drop of the indentor to the strain energy measured by a probe on the opposing surface of the sample.

Abstract: A system is provided for regulating the field of a high homogeneity magnet. The fluid used for cooling the main magnet is placed in thermal contact with a high homogeneity auxiliary magnet in which is placed an NMR probe which controls the current supply to the two magnets connected in series.

Abstract: A measuring and indicating device for a snow skier including a rotatable roller attachable to the rear of a ski and adapted to rotate in rolling contact with the underlying snow utilizes an indicator unit positionable remote of the roller such as upon the wrist of the skier. The device further includes elements supported adjacent the roller for sensing the rotation thereof and generating signals corresponding to the sensed rotation. The indicator unit includes a calculator for receiving the signals generated by the sensing elements and calculating a predetermined characteristic, such as speed or distance, of travel by the snow skier corresponding to the received signals. The indicator unit further includes a display for displaying the calculated characteristic in the form of a numerical value.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention relates to a down hole tool capable of extraction of valid samples and making pressure measurements useful in calculating formation permeability. The tool incorporates the features of a staddle packing to allow formation fluid specimens to be taken at large flow rates without depressing the pressure below the formation fluid bubble point. When used in combination with a pressure probe the tool is used to obtain meaningful permeability readings in a larger radius area than previously permitted with known dsigns. Additionally, the apparatus of the present invention allows flow control during the creation of the pressure pulse which enhances extraction of valid samples and the permeability determination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device in viscosity meters for measuring the viscosity of liquid having a large number of contaminants and a low viscosity, the meter including an inner cylinder (5) rotatably mounted in a stationary, outer cylinder (1) in a liquid projecting from a drive unit (12), there being a gap (4) forming a measuring zone between the cylinders (1,5) liquid being propelled through the gap with the aid of a propeller (3) arranged in front of the inner cylinder (5) and in a cavity (10) in the outer cylinder (1). The inner cylinder (5) is provided with an edge (6) projecting out into the gap (4) and the outer cylinder (1) has at least one slot (7) extending in its longitudinal direction and in the flow direction of the liquid, for enabling discharge of the contaminants fastening between the edge (6) and the outer cylinder (1), a self-cleaning strainer system thus being achieved, where the particles in the liquid only negligibly disturb measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a rotation center of a rotary body comprises a rotary body rotating in clockwise and counterclockwise directions in cooperation with the steering for a vehicle, and original position detecting circuit which detects a predetermined original angular position which the rotary body taken per each rotation, thus judging an original angular position taken when other original angular positions are not detected within a lapse of a predetermined time after the original angular position has been detected as rotation centers in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions of the rotary body.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device for measuring the rate of flow of fluid in a duct employs an ultrasonic signal transmitter and two ultrasonic signal receivers operating simultaneously, and the respective energy paths joining the receivers with the transmitter form predetermined angles of inclination with respect to the axis of the duct. Phase differences between the signals received by the receivers, and the pressure of the fluid in the duct, are used to form an output signal indicative of the mass flow rate of fluid in the duct.

Abstract: A measuring device measures the torsional rigidity of a motor vehicle weatherstrip of the type which tends to twist upon bending about its longitudinal axis as experienced during installation of the weatherstrip around a corner of a vehicle body opening. The measuring device includes a pair of a rotatably mounted arms carrying mounting shoes for gripping the weatherstrip at spaced apart points along the length of the weatherstrip. Pivot means mount the arms for movement to swing the mounting shoes in an arcuate path and thereby bend the weatherstrip about its longitudinal axis so that the weatherstrip tends to twist. An indicator clip is removably mounted on the weatherstrip intermediate the mounting shoes and twists with the twisting of the weatherstrip to indicate that the weatherstrip has experienced a predetermined degree of twisting during the arcuate bending of the weatherstrip.

Abstract: In an MRI apparatus, a static magnetic field is generated by a pair of magnets facing each other within a spacing. An axis direction of a subject inserted within the spacing is orthogonal to that of the static magnetic field. Gradient magnetic fields with X, Y and Z direction are generated by two pairs of plane coils, two pairs of plane coils, and a pair of plane coils, respectively, arranged between a pair of magnets. The plane coils for generated the gradient magnetic field in X direction is the same form as the plane coils for generating the gradient magnetic field in Z direction. By such an arrangement, gradient magnetic fields generated within the spacing have enough magnitude and linearity to obtain magnetic resonance signals. It is also enough spacing to insert a subject.

Abstract: A method for testing timbers, such as railway sleepers, for disconformities or decay by inducing vibrations in the timber, for example with an impactor monitored by an accelerometer mounted on it and connected to a microprocessor and a display unit to give an indication of constant impact, detecting said vibrations by one or more transducers, amplifying and digitizing the transducer output and microprocessor-processing the digitized output to give an indication of disconformity or decay. One embodiment utilizes the comparison of the first half-cycle surface vibrations and shear vibrations. Another embodiment compares frequency domain information with a memory stored standard. The apparatus, comprising transducers, impactor, microprocessor and indicator is readily portable.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes measurements of the characteristic standing pressure wave frequencies in normally liquid-filled pipes to detect the presence of gas bubbles or gas pockets within the pipes. Because gases, for example air, are more compressible than liquids, gas in a pipe causes the natural frequencies of standing waves to be shifted from their values with no gas. The characteristic standing wave frequencies are determined from a Fourier transform of pressure fluctuations within the pipe. The pressure fluctuations, measured using a hydrophone or other pressure transducer, are due to either background flow noise (passive technique) or a deliberately induced pressure transient (active technique). The technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect relatively small gas bubbles as well as complete gas blockage. The apparatus required depends somewhat on whether the particular application requires use of the active or passive technique.

Abstract: A test method and apparatus to aid a site operator in discriminating between signals measured at different times, as well as enabling a level of automation which is appropriate using state-of-the-art instrumentation for performing EMI measurements, such as open-site EMI measurements. Preferably, discrimination between the two signals is based on the two signals being separated by at least a frequency E defined as:E=2(frequency span/N)+K * RBWwhere:E=possible frequency error of a signal; frequency span=frequency range swept by a measuring receiver, for example, a spectrum analyzer;N=number of points measured;RBW=resolution bandwidth of a resolving bandpass filter of the measuring receiver; andK=constant less than or equal to one to account for unknown signal characteristics.With the specific application to open-site EMI measurements, preferably signals are allowed to be falsely detected as separate signals in order to take into account unknown signal characteristics, i.e., 1 RBW.fwdarw.K * RBW.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging system includes a magnetic resonance exciting unit having an imaging mode which is executed such that a slicing gradient field and a high-frequency field are applied to an object placed in a uniform static field to excite a slice of the object, a read gradient field which is repeatedly switched is applied to the object, and a phase-encoding gradient field is applied to the object, thereby generating a series of echo signals, a data acquiring unit for sampling and acquiring the echo signals generated by the exciting unit, and an image forming unit for performing image reconstruction using sampling data obtained in the imaging mode of the exciting unit. The exciting unit also has an echo position detection mode which is executed such that the fields except for phase-encoded gradient field are applied to the object to excite the slice of the object in the same manner as in the imaging mode, and to generate a series of phase-nonencoded magnetic resonance echo signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a portable elongate frame made of multiple lengthwise stringers which support the pipe testing apparatus. The frame has upper and lower stringers which are laced together by cross connected braces, and said stringers assemble into an elongate structure having first and second carriages at opposite ends thereof. The two carriages support first and second test heads for the pin and box of the joint. They are equipped with resilient members which squeeze against the pipe, contact the joint on the interior on the pin end, and on the exterior at the coupling at the box end. The structure is formed of multiple lengthwise stringers, the stringers at one side being hinged, and the stringers at the opposite side being released by a latch means to enable the structure to be folded into two equal portions for easy mounting behind a tow vehicle connected therewith by a V-shaped trailer hitch.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus of a volume of a fluid injected from an injection valve. A fluid having a volume V is injected from an injection valve into an injection chamber containing a fluid, same kind as that of the injected fluid, and having a predetermined pressure and volume. A back pressure chamber is formed separately in the injection chamber with a parting plate having an effective under-pressure area A and a bellow sealed and connected, at one end thereof, to the parting plate. In the back pressure chamber a non-contact displacement sensor having a thermal compensation device is disposed with a clearance from the parting plate and the bellow and the back pressure chamber is filled with another fluid having same pressure as that of fluid in the injection chamber. By the injection of the fluid into the injection chamber, the parting plate moves toward the non-contact displacement sensor by a distance S which is equal to V/A. Distance S is detected by the non-contact displacement sensor.

Abstract: Seizable, connection-associated switching devices of various types emit processing requests with different urgency degrees to a central sequential logic system for information which are to be processed with different urgency dependent on type. A limit value which may be set in an occupation rejection device based on the measure of a continuously-measured, momentary sequential logic system load serves as a comparison normal and effects that processing requests are rejected (accepted) when the urgency value is lower than (greater than) the limit value.

Abstract: The high frequency magnetic field generating portions are arranged at spatially different positions, respectively, and high frequency currents having phase difference corresponding to a spatial deviation between the high frequency magnetic field generating portions are supplied to the high frequency magnetic field generating portions, resultant high frequency magnetic fields being combined to produce a single rotating magnetic field.

Abstract: Actual valve stem thrust loads in a motor operated valve are monitored and measured directly by the use of load cells disposed directly between the valve and the operator. Direct measurement of stem thrust eliminates the errors associated with indirect methods. Analysis of actual thrust load measurements and correlation with other operating parameters, such as switch actuation and motor current, provides the capability to accurately calibrate valve operators and to detect valve and operator problems at an early stage.

Abstract: The amplitude of specific spectroscopic components are measured by first finding their frequency in the presence of inhomogeneity. A large stable component, usually the water line, is used as a frequency standard to determine the amount of frequency shift in each voxel. The frequency standard is used to determine the relative frequencies of each of the desired spectroscopic components. In one approach the entire hydrogen spectrum is envelope detected with the beats between the water line and the spectroscopic components used to provide a stable spectrum, immune to inhomogeneity.