Abstract: An injection molding machine is utilized to develop PVT constants for a given material by pressurizing the material in the barrel against the blocked outlet nozzle, measuring the volume during pressurization, and then weighing the pressurized shot after it is purged from the barrel in order to calculate the specific volume of the material. Plotting specific volume against a variety of pressure and temperature values produces a plot of PVT relationships from which the constants can be derived.

Abstract: Magnetic resonance signals are received using a plurality of coils, each sensitive to different but overlapping regions of the volume being studied. The signals are combined so as to cancel in undesired regions of the body and receive net signals from only desired parts of the volume to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for imaging and spectroscopy.

Abstract: A suction detector which can accurately detect suction and removal of an object to be chucked, includes: a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in a suction path for chucking the object and for generating pressure data corresponding to the detected pressure; a delaying circuit for delaying transmission of the pressure data from the pressure sensor and for generating delayed pressure data; and a suction/removal detecting unit for comparing first total data of the delayed pressure data from the delaying circuit and adjustably-set first level difference data with the pressure data from the pressure sensor, to detect suction of the object, and for comparing second total data of the pressure data from the pressure sensor and adjustably-set second level difference data with the delayed pressure data from the delaying circuit, to detect removal of the object. The delaying circuit comprises an integrating circuit which includes a resistor and a capacitor, and removes spike noise.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting leaks in fuel storage tanks. A float suspended in the tank liquid determines liquid levels and transmits the liquid level information via an infrared beam to a probe processor in the upper port of the tank. The probe processor stores a plurality of level indications for subsequent uploading to an external computer which analyzes the level information to generate leakage rate information.

Abstract: An incomplete set of three dimensional magnetic resonance data is collected and stored in acquired data memory (40). The incomplete data set is complete with respect to first and second directions and incomplete with respect to a third direction. However, the acquired data set has data along the third direction between .+-.n central values and half the remaining values. One dimensional inverse Fourier transforms (64, 66) are performed with respect to the first and second directions to create an intermediate data set (68). A phase correction array or plurality of phase correction vectors p(r) are generated from the intermediate data and stored in a phase correction memory (82). A symmetric data set (100) is created as the complex conjugate of the intermediate data set. The intermediate and symmetric data sets are one dimensionally inverse Fourier transformed (96, 104) with respect to the third direction one vector at a time to produce vectors of first and second complex image arrays (f.sub.A, f.sub.

Abstract: A test head for NMR spectrometers comprises an rf coil mounted on a carrier pipe and a shielding which extends over at least one section of two parallel conductors extending in the axial direction of the carrier pipe. In order to improve the effect of shielding, the shielding is connected, in an electrically conductive manner, to a turn section of the rf coil which contains a cold point. The shielding is thereby maintained at a fixed neutral potential, relative to the rf voltage supplied, with the result that no fields impairing the measuring accuracy and resolution of the spectrometer can any longer exist in the shielded area. The shielding may be connected directly to one turn section of the coil, for example by soldering.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring an amount of suction air of an engine comprises a Karman vortex sensor disposed in an engine suction conduit, a low-pass filter for removing high frequency noise component from an output of the Karman vortex sensor, a first binarizing means for comparing an output of the low-pass filter with a predetermined value to provide a series of Karman vortex pulses, a second binarizing means for comparing the output of the sensor with a predetermined value to provide a series of Karman vortex pulses and a noise detector for comparing the number of pulses from the first binarizing means with that from the second binarizing means to judge an existence of high frequency noise of the output of the sensor, upon which a time constant of the low-pass filter is switched to exclude noise from the output of the Karman vortex sensor when a throttle opening of the engine is small.

Abstract: The invention involves the design of a miniaturized piezoelectric pressure ransducer used for measuring pressure-time characteristics in gun tubes during the propellant ignition and burning process. The transducer utilizes a Z-cut tourmaline crystal as the piezoelectric pressure sensing element which produces a finite amount of electrical charge (normally expressed in picocoulombs) for a given change in pressure. The tourmaline crystal is incapsulated in a mechanical fixture which provides means for mounting in the gun tube. Electrical terminals are provided for connnecting to signal conditioning and recording instrumentation. Insulators are provided for electrically insulating the pressure sensing element from weapon ground.

Abstract: A method for continuously measuring the stiffness and area of contact between two bodies is provided. Elastic stiffness of a junction is measured by introducing a relatively small oscillatory mechanical force at a known frequency to the junction and measuring the subsequent displacement response using AC signal-handling techniques to provide a continuous measurement proportional to the stiffness and the area of contact between the bodies, even as the area of contact changes.

Abstract: An in-situ linear flow proppant conductivity test cell is provided which allows a downhole fracturing operation to be accurately simulated under laboratory conditions. The test apparatus includes a housing, having pistons therein, a plurality of heating elements, and a packer with a plurality of ports therethrough. Core samples are inserted into the test apparatus and a proppant bed, such as a sand slurry, is introduced into the test cell between the core samples. An external press then provides pressure to the pistons simulating the overburden experienced downhole, while the heating elements simulate downhole temperatures. Pressure, differential pressure, flow rate temperature and fluid loss characteristics can then be measured through the plurality of ports within the packer.

Abstract: The present invention is a test valve plug assembly designed to be installed within a drain tee which connects a tub drainage and overflow system to the drainage system of a building. In its closed position, the test valve plug provides a means for closing the drain tee, thereby permitting the drainage system below the drain tee to be filled with water for testing purposes.

Abstract: A traveling device traveling along an elongated tube or member has an elastic contractable body expanding in radial directions to cause a contractive force in axial directions when supplied with pressurized fluid into the body. Mounting members are connected to respective ends of the elastic contractable body, and elastic member are arranged between the mounting members causing force resisting to the contractive force of the elastic contractable body. An anchoring structure is fixed to the mounting members and expands when supplied with pressurized fluid into the anchoring structure. In case of a large diameter column or tube, the traveling device comprises a plurality of elastic contractable bodies and a pair of frames having a shape and a size encircling the column or enclosed in the tube other than the components above described.

Abstract: A device for guiding a hardness test body has a first bar device supporting the test body on one end, the geometric central axis of the bar device passing through the middle of the test body, and a second bar device which is substantially perpendicular to the first bar device. The second bar device comprises two flat broad leaf springs which are disposed parallel and at a considerable distance from each other with the light direction in the geometric central axis. A rigid bearing block of considerable height is immovable in the measuring position and extends parallel with the central axis. One end of the leaf springs is rigidly clamped on the bearing block. The other end of the leaf springs is rigidly connected to the first bar device which extends at least over the distance between the leaf springs. The effective length of the leaf springs is the same.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for simultaneously detecting laminar separation and reattachment of a fluid stream such as an airstream from and to the upper surface of an airfoil 22 by simultaneously sensing and comparing a plurality of output signals S, each representing the dynamic shear stress at one of an equal number of sensors 27 spaced along a straight line on the surface of the airfoil 22 that extends parallel to the airstream. The output signals S are simultaneously compared to detect the sensors across which a reversal in phase of said output signal S occurs, said detected sensors being in the region of laminar separation or reattachement.

Abstract: A simple extensometer that allows remote sensing under harsh testing conditions, such as elevated temperatures. The apparatus uses two extension arms arranged such that there is no contact between the two linkages connecting the specimen to a strain measuring device, thereby avoiding friction, the major source of problems, namely high hysteresis and non-linearity.

Abstract: This invention provides non-destructive testing of elongate compressible materials, and particularly to determine the elastodynamic properties of a material, and/or to detect defects such as non-uniformities in resilience or hardness, subsurface as well as surface defects such as inclusions, voids, tears, and the like. The material to be tested is passed between two rollers of substantially contant roller spacing. Measurement of the load provides an indication of elastodynamic properties of the material. Variations in the measured load can be utilized to detect defects in the material. The invention has been found particularly suitable for the testing of material for seals, such as O-rings.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing signals indicative of both a Coriolis rate and an acceleration along a preferred axis while decoupling extraneous vibration and motion that would introduce errors into the signals, and a driving mechanism for vibrating the apparatus at a dither frequency. The apparatus includes a parallelogram frame (50) including two accelerometer support surfaces (24, 26) on which are mounted two accelerometers (20 and 22) having their sensitive axes in parallel alignment. The accelerometer support surfaces are connected to opposite ends of a flex member (52), which includes six flexures (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42) having parallel bending axes. Two of the flexures (34, 38) are disposed at opposite ends of one side of each flexure member, and have a "long" axis that is substantially parallel to the sensitive axes of the accelerometers and aligned with a line connecting their centers of percussion.

Abstract: A method is proposed for the elimination of the effect of coherent interference signals which give rise to image artefacts in off-center imaging which usually requires roll correction in order to obtain a correct image. To this end, the image is shifted independently with respect to the artefact signal over an arbitrary distance which depends on the isocentric shift. The method is advantageous for off-center imaging where usually surface coils are used. A band of interference signals in the phase encoding direction can thus be shifted to the edge of the image.

Abstract: A valving apparatus for selectively supplying fluid to a number of fluid handling components (45) and (50) from a plurality of sources thereof (15) and (30) includes a manifold (135), first and second remotely operated control valves (165) and a plurality of check valves (170) disposed therein. The control valves selectively channel fluid to the components while checking reverse flow through the manifold. The apparatus is compact, uncomplicated and adaptable to various applications.

Abstract: A sampling apparatus is provided for sampling substances from solid surfaces. The apparatus includes first and second elongated tubular bodies which telescopically and sealingly join relative to one another. An absorbent pad is mounted to the end of a rod which is slidably received through a passageway in the end of one of the joined bodies. The rod is preferably slidably and rotatably received through the passageway, yet provides a selective fluid tight seal relative thereto. A recess is formed in the rod. When the recess and passageway are positioned to be coincident, fluid is permitted to flow through the passageway and around the rod. The pad is preferably laterally orientable relative to the rod and foldably retractable to within one of the bodies. A solvent is provided for wetting of the pad and solubilizing or suspending the material being sampled from a particular surface.