Abstract: Particles less than 100 .mu.m in size and modified by hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups wherein the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are distributed anisotropically on the surface of the modified particles. Processes for the preparation of such particles and the use of such particles as surface active products, especially for stabilizing or destablizing emulsions and foams as well as for tertiary oil recovery.

Abstract: A process for the management of by-product tetranitromethane (TNM) which avoids the hazards of the prior art isolation or extraction procedures. A selected in-plant liquid or vapor stream, or a reactor off-gas stream from nitration or nitric acid oxidation plant, which contains TNM, is heated to effectively pyrolyze the TNM without undue losses of nitric acid values.

Abstract: A plasma reactor comprises a working chamber, the chamber being adapted to receive at least one article and a volume of plasma which is capable of interacting with a material of the article. A pair of electrodes are positioned about the chamber. Further, a radio-frequency generator is provided. More particularly, the plasma reactor includes a radio-frequency voltage transformer. The transformer includes a primary winding that is connected to the generator and a secondary winding the center of which is grounded. The secondary winding is adapted to transform the energy received from the primary winding into plasma-exciting energy at the electrodes, whereby the voltage between the plasma and the ground is small such that voltage discharge between the plasma and any grounded parts is minimized. The plasma reactor can be used to strip photoresist, etch silicon dioxide, aluminum and polysilicon from semiconductor wafers.

Abstract: To change the surface tension of cup-like containers by means of corona treatment, the containers are placed on a mandrel and are moved by drive wheels in such a way that the cup-like container is caused to roll off on the mandrel with the inside of the wall. Via an electrode the discharge current is supplied across the discharge gap to the cup-like container and it is removed via the mandrel, which is connected as counter-electrode. To avoid a discharge gap on the inside of the wall, the mandrel has connected to it a guide shoe which always applies against the inside of the wall.

Abstract: A method for preparing nitrones from mixtures of arylhydroxylamines and alkylhydroxylamines containing zinc oxide solids is provided which does not require filtration of the mixture prior to reaction. This is accomplished by introducing a dilute acid solution to the mixture so as to solubilize the zinc oxide powder. The hydroxylamines within solution may be reacted with an aldehyde to produce a nitrone where the dilute acid dissolves the zinc oxide.

Abstract: A method for preparing a coordination complex of an isonitrile ligand and radionuclide such as Tc, Ru, Co, Pt, Fe, Os, Ir, W, Re, Cr, Mo, Mn, Ni, Rh, Pd, Nb and Ta is disclosed. The method comprises preparing a soluble metal adduct of said isonitrile ligand by admixing said ligand with a salt of a displaceable metal having a complete d-electron shell selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, Cd, In, Sn, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi to form a soluble metal-isonitrile salt, and admixing said metal isonitrile salt with a salt comprising said radioactive metal in a suitable solvent to displace said displaceable metal with the radioactive metal thereby forming said coordination. The complex is useful as a diagnostic agent for labelling liposomes or vesicles, and selected living cells containing lipid membranes, such as blood clots, myocardial tissue, gall bladder tissue, etc.

Abstract: The electric fixation of nitrogen from air is enhanced and made more efficient by the simultaneous multiple use of the electric discharge for both reacting nitrogen and oxygen to nitric oxide and for generating other specific oxidizing agents for the further oxidation of nitric oxide to higher oxides in that this special cell thereby rapidly effects not only the oxidation of nitrogen to nitric oxide but also rapidly oxidizes that nitric oxide to higher oxides of nitrogen products and thereby provides a means for the rapid absorption of the fixed nitrogen products from the electric discharge zone where the discharge would otherwise destroy much of the same product nitrogen which it is generating. The rapidly soluble higher oxides of nitrogen are rapidly absorbed by and held in an aqueous solution of these products flowing within the cell and they are converted directly to nitric acid in the solution as it flows from the cell.

Abstract: A cosmetic lotion is disclosed consisting essentially of active components of from about 1 g to about 30 g of aloe vera, from about 30 mg to about 900 mg of zinc, about 100 mg to about 6000 mg of vitamin C, from about 25,000 USP Units to about 500,000 USP Units of vitamin A, from about 200 IU to about 4000 IU of vitamin E, from about 100 mg to about 2000 mg of vitamin B-6, from about 600 mcg to about 12,000 mcg of biotin, and from about 3 g to about 15 g of fruit pectin, per about 3 ounces of lotion. The balance is carriers and solvents. The zinc is supplied as one or more therapeutic compounds of zinc.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride and 3,4-difluoro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride by reaction of 3,4-di-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride, respectively, with an alkali metal fluoride.

Abstract: For the production of 1,2,3-trichloro-2-methylpropane, 3-chloro-2-methylpropene is reacted with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of aldehydes and/or under the effect of light, especially UV light. The reaction is preferably performed in the liquid phase, especially at 30.degree.-65.degree. C. under normal pressure.

Abstract: 1,9-Difluoro-1,1,3,5,5,7,9,9-octanitro-3,7-diazanonane, C.sub.7 H.sub.8 F.sub.2 N.sub.10 O.sub.16, is disclosed as a new energetic oxidizer for solid propellants. A method for producing the new oxidizer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for producing green salt (UF.sub.4) from uranium-bearing metal pieces. The uranium-bearing metal pieces are dissolved in a first aqueous solution containing hydrochloric and fluoboric acids to provide a second aqueous solution which includes uranium (U.sup.+4), chlorine ions (Cl.sup.-) and hydrochloric and fluoboric acids. Hydrofluoric acid is added to the second aqueous solution to precipitate green salt out of that solution and provide a third aqueous solution which contains hydrochloric acid. The green salt is then separated from the third aqueous solution.

Abstract: Precursor gaseous mixtures from which to glow discharge deposit wide and narrow band gap semiconductor alloy material, said material characterized by improved photoconductivity and stability and improved resistance to photodegradation. There is also specifically disclosed a method of fabricating a narrow band gap semiconductor which method does not suffer from the effects of differential depletion of the components of the precursor gaseous mixture.

Abstract: A compact ozone generating apparatus is constituted by a housing fixedly mounting a high voltage transformer casing from which projects a high voltage bushing and which casing fixedly mounts the open end of a cylindrical ground electrode tube of an ozonizer about the high voltage bushing with a brush internally of the cylindrical ground electrode tube directly connecting the high voltage bushing to the ozonizer. The ozonizer further includes an electric glass discharge tube mounted coaxially internally of the cylindrical ground electrode tube with its open end proximate to the open end of the cylindrical ground electrode tube and being spaced therefrom. A conductive bar projects from the high voltage bushing is connected to the brush which spans across the interior of the electric glass discharge tube adjacent its open end and whose ends contact a conductive film lining the inner surface of the electric gas discharge tube.

Abstract: In an internally cooled tubular ozonizer, there is built into the interior of the glass tube (5) a cooling tube (9) whose outer diameter is only slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the glass tube (5). The annular gap left is filled up with a temperature-resistant casting compound (10) which conducts heat well. In the case of a synthetic resin casting compound (10), the cooling tube (9) is connected galvanically via contact springs (11) to the metal layer (8), serving as the inner electrode, on the inner wall of the glass tube (5). The heat transfer from the cooling agent in the cooling tube (8) to the glass tube (5) is not impeded by the casting compound (10). Temperature stresses between the glass tube (5) and the cooling tube (9) are largely reduced, as a result of which the operational safety of the ozonizer is increased, especially at fairly high power densities.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing composite powder particles consisting essentially of a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase. The process involves entraining agglomerated particles in a carrier gas, the agglomerated particles consisting essentially of titanium diboride and particles of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum based alloys. The agglomerated particles are fed through a high temperature zone having a temperature sufficient to allow the metal particles to melt, coalesce together, and encapsulate the titanium diboride particles. The metal is then resolidified, resulting in the formation of the composite powder particles wherein the matrix phase consists essentially of the metal and the reinforcement phase consists essentially of the titanium diboride particles.

Abstract: A method for reducing the frictional drag of an organic liquid in flow through pipes or conduits having a continuous bore therethrough which comprises adding about 0.001 to about 0.5 grams of a polymeric complex to 100 ml of said organic liquid, wherein the polymeric complex is the reaction product of a metal neutralized sulfonated octene-1/ethylene/ethylidene norborene terpolymer and a basic nitrogen-containing copolymer, said basic nitrogen containing copolymer being a copolymer of vinylpyridine with another monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, t-butyl styrene, alkylacrylate, alkylmethacrylate, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile.

Abstract: A method is described for the control of nematodes in agricultural crops which comprises applying to the situs of infestation a nematicidal composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, or halogen, X is hydrogen or halogen, n is 1 or 2, Y is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and nitro when n is 1, and halogen when n is 2, with the proviso that at least 1 of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and X must be halogen. Preparation of active ingredient compounds is described, and nematicidal utility of compositions is exemplified.

Abstract: Oxazole dyes and certain quaternary salts of these compounds having a formula as follows: ##STR1## are useful as visible-wavelength lasing dyes. These dyes are useful in solution with non-interferring polar solvents, such as low molecular weight alcohols, H.sub.2 O and mixtures thereof, to form lasing media useful in dye lasers.

Abstract: A dye smoke which burns efficiently and without flame consisting essentia of a hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene binder, the biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate curative, a leucoquinizarin dye referred to as 1,4,9,10-tetrahydroxyanthracene, and ammonium iodate oxidizer. The leucoquinizarin dye is oxidized and iodinated resulting in the iodoanthraquinone derivatives which produce the colored smoke.