Abstract: A power tool includes a functional element, a motor, a power supply module, a driver circuit, and a control module. The control module is electrically connected to the driver circuit and configured to output a control signal to the driver circuit to control the driver circuit. The control module is configured to: in the case where the power tool is in a first operation stage, control the driver circuit in a first control mode so that a voltage of the motor varies with a rotor position of the motor in a square wave; and in the case where the power tool is in a second operation stage, control the driver circuit in a second control mode so that the voltage of the motor varies with the rotor position of the motor in a sine wave or a saddle wave.

Abstract: A brushless DC motor control system for a ceiling fan is electrically connected to a brushless DC motor, and includes a first switch, a detection module, a timer, a processing module, and a driving module. The first switch sends a first switch signal to the detection module for detection. The detection module outputs an operating electric potential detection signal to the timer. The timer outputs an operating electric potential timing signal to the processing module, so that the processing module outputs a first control signal and a second control signal to the driving module for controlling the brushless DC motor to change the rotational speed and the rotational direction respectively, increasing the convenience of use.

Abstract: An electrostatic spray head assembly includes a finned rod for electrifying sprayed droplets, which employs a check valve, an angulator and a multiflow selector. The check valve is equipped with a first threaded nipple for attachment to the spray bar and liquid inlet. The finned rod has a fastener element that attaches the angulator to the multiflow selector. The angulator contains an angle adjusting screw.

Abstract: The invention provides a ventilation-type solar photovoltaic self-heat-preservation outer wall system and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of constructional engineering. According to the solution, the ventilation-type solar photovoltaic self-heat-preservation outer wall system comprises an inner-layer heat preservation structure and an outer-layer photovoltaic assembly, a ventilation gap is formed between the inner-layer heat preservation structure and the outer-layer photovoltaic assembly, a flow guide component is arranged in the ventilation gap, the outer-layer photovoltaic assembly is provided with a ventilation opening, and the ventilation opening is communicated with the ventilation gap. The achieved effects are good heat preservation and heat insulation performances, good ventilation and heat dissipation effects, easy mounting and dismounting, and economical and applicable performances.

Abstract: A motor control system includes a direct current (DC) motor and a ripple count circuit. The DC motor includes a rotor induced to rotate in response to a drive current generated by a supply voltage. The rotation of the rotor generates a mechanical force that drives a component. The ripple count circuit includes an active filter circuit and a parasitic pulse cancellation circuit. The active filter circuit is configured to filter the drive current and to generate a pulsed signal containing at least one parasitic pulse. The parasitic pulse cancelation circuit is in signal communication with the ripple count circuit to receive the pulsed signal and to output a ripple count signal based on the pulsed signal. The ripple count signal excludes the at least one parasitic pulse.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for determining offsets for memory read operations are described. In response to a threshold quantity of pages failing initial reads but being successfully read using a same reference adjustment during re-reads, the offset responsible for the adjustment may be used as a first-applied offset for subsequent re-reads or a baseline offset for subsequent initial reads. After the initial reads begin using the reference adjustment, if a threshold quantity of pages fail initial reads, the offset used for the initial read may be adjusted to be the offset used to perform the successful re-reads. If an updated offset to use a baseline is not identified, the baseline offset may be cleared so the original reference may again be used without adjustment for initial reads.

Abstract: A memory module is provided including a plurality of semiconductor memory devices mounted on a circuit board. A control device is mounted on the circuit board and configured to receive a command signal, an address signal, and a clock signal and to provide the command signal, the address signal, and the clock signal to the plurality of semiconductor memory devices. A first group of the semiconductor memory devices is disposed between the control device and a first edge portion of the circuit board, and a second group of the semiconductor memory devices is disposed between the control device and a second edge portion of the circuit board. The control device is configured to transmit the address signal to the first group of the semiconductor memory devices and the second group of the semiconductor memory devices through a first transmission line and a second transmission line, respectively.

Abstract: A motor control device capable of improving damping effects of a motor. In a motor control device, a control switching determination unit determines whether or not a control region of a motor is in a voltage saturation region. A voltage command value generator generates a voltage command value of the motor based on a velocity command value and a velocity of the motor. When the control switching determination unit determines that the control region of the motor is in the voltage saturation region, the voltage command value generator determines a voltage vector angle of an output voltage applied to the motor from a total torque command value and a limit value of the maximum voltage capable of being output to the motor, and generates a voltage command value based on the voltage vector angle.

Abstract: A fluid immersion cooling system includes a fluid tank that contains a layer of a dual-phase coolant fluid and one or more layers of single-phase coolant fluids. The dual-phase and single-phase coolant fluids are immiscible, with the dual-phase coolant fluid having a lower boiling point and higher density than a single-phase coolant fluid. A substrate of an electronic system is submerged in the tank such that high heat-generating components are immersed at least in the layer of the dual-phase coolant fluid. Heat from the components is dissipated to the dual-phase coolant fluid to generate vapor bubbles of the dual-phase coolant fluid. The vapor bubbles rise to a layer of a single-phase coolant fluid that is above the layer of the dual-phase coolant fluid. The vapor bubbles condense to droplets of the dual-phase coolant fluid. The droplets fall down into the layer of the dual-phase coolant fluid.

Abstract: A reflection unit 31 to 34 has an outer reflection panel 311 to 314 and an inner reflection panel 321 to 324. The outer reflection panel 311 to 314 is disposed around power generation units 22 to 24. The inner reflection panel 321 to 324 is disposed substantively parallel to the outer reflection panel 311 to 314 between the outer reflection panel 311 to 314 and the power generation units 22 to 24. The reflection units 31 to 34 reflects solar light injected into gaps 361 to 364 between the outer reflection panels 311 to 314 and the inner reflection panels 321 to 324 to transmit the solar light into the power generation units 22 to 24.

Abstract: A solar cell of an embodiment includes a p-electrode; an n-electrode; a p-type light-absorbing layer located between the p-electrode and the n-electrode and mainly containing a cuprous oxide; and an n-type layer located between the first n-type layer and the n-electrode, the n-type layer including a first n-type layer and a second n-type layer or a first n-type region and a second n-type region; wherein the first n-type layer and the first n-type region is located on the p-type light-absorbing layer side, the second n-type layer and the second n-type region is located on the n-electrode side, the first n-type layer and the first n-type region mainly contain a compound represented by Gax1M1x2Ox3, the M1 is one or more selected from the group consisting of Hf, Zr, In, Zn, Ti, Al, B, Sn, Si, and Ge, the x1, the x2, and the x3 are more than 0, and the x3 when a sum of the x1 and the x2 is 2 is 3.0 or more and 3.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes an electron blocking layer (EBL) and an absorber layer. The EBL is positioned between the absorber layer and a back contact layer. A material of the EBL is a cadmium zinc telluride Cd(1-y)Zn(y)Te, and a material of the absorber layer is a cadmium telluride selenide CdTe(1-x)Se(x) producing a lattice mismatch between the materials of the EBL and between the materials of the absorber of less than about two tenths of a percent when x˜y and has a value less than about 0.4.

Abstract: Circuit board comprising a printed circuit comprising phase conductors, each of which is arranged so as to be connected to one phase of a multiphase line, the circuit board further comprising a rectifier bridge comprising phase diodes that are mounted on one and the same face of the printed circuit, the phase diodes comprising, for each phase conductor, one pair of phase diodes comprising a first phase diode having an anode that is connected to said phase conductor and a second phase diode having a cathode that is connected to said phase conductor, the pairs of phase diodes lying in succession along a positioning axis on the face of the printed circuit, the first phase diode and the second phase diode of each pair of phase diodes being positioned in parallel but inverted with respect to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip module includes a PCB including first and second faces; a buffer on the first face; a first chip on the first face, and including a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal, a first signal being provided to the first connection terminal, and a second signal being provided to the second connection terminal; a second chip on the second face, and including a third connection terminal to which the first signal is provided, and a fourth connection terminal to which the second signal is provided. The first connection terminal and the third connection terminal receive the first signal from the buffer at the same time. The first connection terminal is closer to the buffer as compared with the second connection terminal. The third connection terminal is closer to the buffer as compared with the fourth connection terminal.

Abstract: A propulsion system is described that includes an electrical bus, a generator configured to provide electrical power to the electrical bus, a plurality of propulsors configured to provide thrust by simultaneously being driven by the electrical power at the electrical bus, and a controller. The controller is configured to synchronize a rotational speed of an individual propulsor from the plurality of propulsors with a rotational speed of the generator after the individual propulsor has become unsynchronized with the rotational speed of the generator by controlling at least one of the rotational speed of the generator, nozzle area of the individual propulsor, or a pitch angle of the individual propulsor.

Abstract: A power substrate (101) of the present invention includes a plurality of insulating substrates (106) arranged side by side along a plurality of current paths (P) extending in the same direction, a plurality of MOS transistors (108) mounted on one major surface of each of the plurality of insulating substrates (106) with a first conductive layer (107) and a first solder bonding layer (109) in between, and a heat dissipation member (110) in contact with other major surfaces of all of the insulating substrates with a second conductive layer (107) and a second solder bonding layer (109) in between, and each of the current paths (P) is formed by connecting one or more of the MOS transistors (108) mounted on one of the insulating substrates (106) with one or more of the MOS transistors (108) mounted on a different one of the insulating substrates (106) in series with each other.

Abstract: A motor driver for driving a single coil motor, the motor driver includes: a bridge driver configured for applying a driving signal to the single coil by commuting a motor voltage (Vmot) or a motor current (Imot), supplied to the bridge driver, between terminals (OUT1, OUT2) of the single coil; a controller configured for controlling the commuting of the bridge driver and for setting a preferred value of the motor voltage in function of a preferred operating point; a first voltage regulator configured for regulating the motor voltage or the motor current to the preferred value.

Abstract: A pre-formed solar panel (1) to be mounted on a support plane (SP) is disclosed. In a direction from a first end (E1) to a second opposing end (E2), the panel has at least a first planar section (S1), a plastically deformed section (P) and a second planar section (S2), wherein the plastically deformed section maintains the first and the second planar section relative to each other at an enclosed angle (A1) in a range between 30° and 170°, and wherein an area of at least one of the planar sections is provided with a photovoltaic layer (3).

Abstract: A method of forming a photoactive device includes steps of: forming a photoactive layer, the photoactive layer comprising a perovskite material and a dopant; wherein the photoactive device comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode; wherein said photoactive layer is directly or indirectly in electronic communication with the positive electrode and directly or indirectly in electronic communication with the negative electrode; and wherein the photoactive device is free of a hole transport layer between the photoactive layer and the positive electrode.

Abstract: An object is to provide a DC distribution panel that, even when short-circuit current has occurred in one feeder, interrupts only the feeder where short-circuit current has occurred, and thus can continue operations of load apparatuses connected to normal feeders. This DC distribution panel includes: an input terminal including positive and negative input terminals; circuit breakers having short-circuit current interruption units connected to at least either of positive electric paths and negative electric paths respectively branched from the positive and negative input terminals; and output terminals including positive output terminals and negative output terminals of the plurality of circuit breakers. At least one of the plurality of circuit breakers includes a reverse current interruption unit for interrupting reverse current flowing through the positive electric path from the output terminal side to the input terminal side.