Abstract: The X-ray diffraction apparatus of the invention includes means capable of detecting the position and intensity distribution of the diffracted X-ray with respect to a thin bundle X-ray and means for moving the former means to a position at which the former means is capable of detecting the diffracted X-ray, and makes it possible to reliably and easily carry out rough detection of the position of the diffracted X-ray and fine detection of the intensity distribution of the diffracted X-ray without increasing the size of the diffracted X-ray detecting means.

Abstract: An X-ray marker device. The device comprises a body member and a single suction cup attached to the bottom of the body member. X-ray opaque indicia are formed on the face of the body member. The suction cup temporarily secures the body member to a substantially flat surface, such as an X-ray film holder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for aligning the center of an X-ray beam with both a reference point on a patient and the center of the X-ray film holder. An X-ray collimator is provided with a visible light source and two fan beam assemblies which provide two fan beam planes. The fan beam planes perpendicularly bisect the X-ray beam and each other to form a line of intersection corresponding to the center of the X-ray beam. The intersecting fan beam planes form a cross-hair reticle whose origin point of intersection lies on the center of the X-ray beam. The cross-hair reticle is directed toward a patient for positioning the patient with respect to the X-ray beam. For purposes of aligning the X-ray beam, the cross-hair reticle may be aimed at an opaque object located at the center of the X-ray film holder. In this way, both the center of the X-ray film holder and the point of intersection of the cross-hair reticle are in alignment with the center of the X-ray beam.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment comprises a patient support, a radiation source which generates a radiation beam penetrating the radiography subject, a radiation receiver which converts the radiation intensity behind the subject into electric signals, a measurand converter for the conversion of the electric signals delivered by the radiation receiver into an optically visible image, and a rotating frame assembly on which the radiation source and the radiation receiver are mounted and which, for the purpose of scanning the radiography subject from various directions, is rotatably mounted about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the patient support. The rotating radiation source is adjustable in the longitudinal direction of the patient support jointly with movement of the patient support so that several parallel transverse layers of the radiography subject can be very rapidly scanned.

Abstract: The present method and apparatus produces undistorted x-ray images of sources emitting x-rays and especially of certain areas emitting x-rays. Stigmatic monochromatic x-ray images, and x-ray spectra with a spatial resolution along the lines of the spectrum are produced. The device comprises, in combination, an x-ray diffraction crystal capable of simultaneous reflection, and an x-ray point intensity measuring system, the arrangement being such that the reflection plane of the crystal makes an angle with the plane of the intensity measurement system of 90 degrees of angle minus the Bragg angle for a forbidden reflection of the crystal, and where the x-ray radiation incident on the crystal makes a Bragg angle with the plane of the forbidden reflection, the azimuthal arrangement allowing simultaneous reflection.

Abstract: The apparatus of the invention includes a planer, proximity type x-ray image intensifier for detecting a fan beam of x-rays and for producing an intensified output visible light image on an output display screen which is sensed by a scannable, linear array of solid state diode detectors. In a first embodiment, a pair of side by side arrays are utilized to eliminate the effects of flare in the display screen. One of the linear arrays looks at the line signal on the output screen and the second linear array looks at a location on the output screen which is adjacent and parallel to the line signal. A net signal is derived by subtracting the signals from adjacent elements of the two parallel arrays so that signal flare in the image intensifier tube is removed. In a second embodiment, display screen flare is eliminated by covering the vacuum side of the display screen with metal having a thickness sufficient to dissipate one third of the kinetic energy of photoelectrons passing through it.

Abstract: A specimen chamber of an electron probe instrument, comprising an airtight housing (1) accommodating a movable object stage (2) on which a specimen (3) is placed, and drive mechanisms for moving the object stage (2) along three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, one of which is coincident with the electron-optical axis of the instrument, and for inclining the object stage (2) with respect to the electron-optical axis. The drive mechanism for moving the object stage (2) along the electron-optical axis comprises an eccentric pusher (69) having a hollow finger (70) secured to a shaft (65) and accommodating a slide (72) loaded with a spring (73) at the end facing the shaft (65) and having an axle (75) secured at its opposite end, on which there is mounted a rotatable roller (74) in permanent mechanical contact with the walls of a groove (76) provided in the base of a carriage (5) coupled to the stage (2).

Abstract: The X-ray apparatus contains an X-ray tube and a transition device for moving the X-ray tube between a vertical and a horizontal emission position. A first film cassette tray may be provided for vertical exposures. A second film cassette tray is provided for horizontal exposures. The X-ray apparatus further contains a mechanism for operationally connecting the second tray to the X-ray tube. This mechanism is designed such that the second tray is positioned in a waiting position outside the vertical X-ray beam when the X-ray tube is in its vertical emission position and such that the second tray is automatically transferred from the waiting position to a horizontal exposure position when the X-ray tube is moved from its vertical emission position to its horizontal emission position. The mechanism preferably contains a large number of arms and levers.

Abstract: A fire or explosion detection system for discriminating between radiation produced by a source of fire or explosion to be detected (e.g. a hydrocarbon fire) and radiation produced by a source not to be detected (e.g. an incendiary ammunition and or pyrophoric reaction between an aircraft skin and an inert round) is disclosed. The radiation detectors are respectively responsive to the intensity of radiation in narrow wavelength bands at 0.96 and 4.4 microns. Two threshold units produce respective electrical signals only when the outputs of the detectors exceed respective predetermined values. In addition, a rate of rise unit produces an electrical signal only when the rate of rise of the output of one of the detectors exceeds a predetermined value. An output gate receives these three electrical signals and produces an output to a delay unit which in turn produces a fire or explosion indicating output only when the output of the gate continuously exists for at least a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A Computerized Tomography (CT) system for examining large objects, e.g., rocket motors, includes an improved support structure comprising a large bearing and an elongated cup-like support attached to the inner race of the bearing and extending away from the bearing in coaxial relation thereto for supporting the object to be examined and for rotating that object about the axis of the bearing. Spacers or an elevator are provided adjacent the bottom of the cup-like structure for selectively translating the object being examined along the axis of the support structure and bearing. An X-ray source is positioned to beam X-rays through the object being examined at a diametral plane in said object closely adjacent to one face of the bearing, and a detector is also provided which is responsive to X-rays passing through the object to determine the X-ray opacity of a slice of said object closely adjacent to the bearing.

Abstract: The specification describes a scanning electron microscope or similar equipment capable of irradiating a plurality of beams of charged particles onto a specimen and displaying simultaneously the plurality of images of the specimen. It comprises charged particle beam modulation means to modulate the intensities of the beams of charged particles through their deflection by different frequencies, a detector capable of detecting secondary electrons or the like given off from the specimen, demodulation selector means capable of demodulating signals from the detector and selecting each specimen image signal, and display means capable of displaying the plurality of images of the specimen. The plurality of beams may be irradiated in parallel onto different spots on the specimen or may be directed to one specific spot on the specimen. Thus, a plurality of specimen images can be displayed extremely efficiently and, also, simultaneously by simple means.

Abstract: A slit collimator for use in a panoramic X-ray apparatus for the collimation of X-rays into a narrow fan-like beam. The collimation is achieved by means of a collimator slit formed in a trunion which is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and by rotating the trunion the effective radiation-penetrable size of the slit is varied.

Abstract: In a scanning electron microscope, an objective lens has upper, lower and outer magnetic pole pieces. The bore diameter of the lower magnetic pole piece is smaller than those of said upper and outer magnetic pole pieces. The lens field between said upper and lower magnetic pole pieces is generated for observing a bulk specimen positioned at a long working distance. The lens field between said lower and outer magnetic pole pieces is generated for obtaining a high resolution image of a specimen.

Abstract: A dental tomography apparatus comprises three drive motors for displacing the film and the X-ray source in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane and for pivoting the carrier which connects the film and the X-ray source. The control signals for the motor drives are derived from the contour of the dentition by means of a plate which is covered by contacts on which the patient exerts a pressure by biting, so that the contacts whose position corresponds to the shape of the dentition are actuated. Therefrom, the contour of the dentition is determined by an arithmetic unit which supplies the control signals for the drive motors.

Abstract: X-ray film in a cassette or camera is magnetically gripped by a pair of magnetic units which engage opposite sides of the film. Each of the units includes a sheet of magnetic material and an intensifying screen located on that side of the associated magnetic sheet which faces the other unit. The units have cooperating first portions which engage a first region of the film and cooperating second portions which engage a second region of the film. The units are designed in such a manner that the magnetic force of the second portions exceeds that of the first portions so that the second region of the film is gripped more strongly than its first region. Furthermore, the units are arranged such that the second portions thereof engage the film no later than the first portions thereof. In this manner, entrapment of air bubbles on the surface of the film is prevented and image quality is improved.

Abstract: A unitary portable X-ray apparatus including a high voltage section, an X-ray generator section and a cooled anode section. Preferably the sections are cylindrical and arranged end to end with at least the X-ray section being separated from the high voltage section by generally conically shaped bushings extending into the X-ray generator section. A cathode mounted in the extending end of the bushings and connected to a high voltage generator in the high voltage generator section contains a filament to which an AC voltage is applied by electromagnetic induction. A shielded anode mounted in the anode section and having a target therein has an open end extending into the X-ray section for axially aligning the target with the filament. Alternatively, the outer end sections may both be high voltage sections each separated from the X-ray generator section by generally conically shaped bushings extending into the X-ray generator section.

Abstract: A device for positioning a holder for an aiming sleeve for implanted bone nail fasteners with respect to a Roentgen ray source includes a support (25) for supporting the holder (7). A base plate (12) and a pivotable bracket plate (3) receives the support means and is mountable on the housing of the Roentgen ray source for spacedly positioning the holder from the source. The support is formed as a fork-like element (26, 28, 29) retained in sleeves (38, 39) on the bracket plate by means of locking cams (8).

Abstract: A space-saving selector is provided for equipping radiological apparatus.The selector of the invention equipping a radiological examination table is operational for radiography in all the positions which it occupies in the table, including the endmost positions.Such a selector may equip any radiological apparatus comprising a radiographic film capable of being alternately sensitized and protected.

Abstract: A cylindrical lens-prism light-line generating apparatus utilizing a slit-type aperture provides for origination, collimation and projection of a light-line which cooperates with a light localizer beam in aid of aligning an X-ray beam path preparatory to radiography.

Abstract: A grid type substrate is constructed to support an X-ray sensitive material at one side of an electrophoretic display device. The grid structure may be X-ray absorbent material supported between X-ray transparent supports. Various arrangements of the X-ray absorbent grid may be provided.