Abstract: The definition diaphragm for the X-ray beam located at the image receiver serves to eliminate part of the stray radiation. According to the invention, the diaphragm comprises a frame and a plurality of partial overlap members each having one portion made from lead rubber, so that it can be turned down perpendicular to the plane of the opening, so that the radial dimensions of the diaphragm are reduced to a minimum. Application is to conventional radiology.

Abstract: A device for performing X-ray examinations of the teeth comprises a film holder which is detachably connectable to an arm which in turn is detachably connectable with an aligning disc. An opening in the aligning disc is provided to position the X-ray machine when the device is assembled in alignment with the X-ray film. The arm, the aligning disc and the film holder are so designed that exposure can take place with lying as well as standing film, that the upper as well as the lower gum can be exposed, and that the arm may be connected to the left as well as to the right. The invention also includes an extension part by means of which the biting surface may be increased.

Abstract: A data recording system records data on a part of a radiation image storage panel using a stimulative phosphor by exposing that part to an X-ray beam generated by an X-ray beam generator. An input device is provided for entering into the system information associated with an image to be stored in the mentioned part of the radiation image storage panel. A control unit controls the X-ray beam generator in response to the entered information so that the intensity of the X-ray beam is varied and the X-ray beam is caused to scan the mentioned part of the radiation image storage panel. The information is thus recorded in the part of the panel and will be read out therefrom in the same way as a radiation image of an object stored in the remaining part of the panel.

Abstract: To avoid problems in communication between the examining physician, the X-ray technician and the diagnosing radiologist, the present invention utilizes adhesive tape having radiopaque material incorporated into it. This tape is for use by the examining physician, to mark the exact location of concern. It will be visualized by the X-ray technician who shoots the film, and will then appear on the processed film to focus the attention of the radiologist to the area deserving closest attention.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the radiometric calibration of an X-ray detector, such as a spectrometer, for wavelengths in the range of 2 to 200 angstroms. A hot filament X-ray diode for generating a point source of X-rays is disposed within a vacuum manifold and is surrounded by a housing having two ports equally spaced from the point source. A center line of each port passing through the point source forms substantially the same angle with respect to the line defined by the stream of electrons passing from the cathode to the anode of the X-ray diode so that the apparent intensity of the point source through each port is substantially identical. A reference detector is placed opposite one port to intercept a known portion of an X-ray beam emitted therefrom, while the detector to be calibrated is placed opposite the other port for interception of a known portion of an X-ray beam passing through that port.

Abstract: A system is provided for producing plasma pinch X-rays usable in X-ray lithography. Ionized heated plasma vapor is repeatably generated directly from solid material by impingement of a plurality of circumferentially spaced laser beams to generate an annulus of plasma. X-rays are generated by passing high current through the annular plasma in an axial gap between the solid material target electrode and another electrode, causing magnetic field radial inward plasma pinching to a central constricted area further heating the plasma and emitting X-rays. A central axially directed laser may further heat the plasma in the pinched area.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method are provided for determining the percentage of fat in a meat sample through the use of X-ray radiation techniques. An automatic calibration feature eliminates the need for manual potentiometer adjustments for accommodating interaction between X-ray attenuation by pairs of calibration standards of known fat percentage values for a given meat species. Protein and moisture percentages may be determined. Indicators for needed periodic recalibration also may be included, and adjustments may be incorporated for meat samples of high, normal or low moisture content, as well as for different species of meat.

Abstract: In the case of tubes with magnetically mounted anodes, it is difficult to obtain an adequately stable mounting of the anode shaft for all stresses to be expected, in particular, in the case of tilting and pivoting. To this end, the disclosure provides that magnetically conductive pole pieces are inserted in the wall of the tube envelope at the locations at which magnets are exteriorly disposed which pole pieces are in magnetic coupling relation with the anode arrangement. The distances between the parts to be magnetically coupled can thereby be substantially reduced, so that there results--in relation to known magnetic bearings--a substantially more stable support-mounting of the rotary anode in the high vacuum envelope. The disclosure is, in particular, applicable in the case of X-ray tubes for utilization in medical X-ray technology.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a simple mounting structure for a dental X-ray apparatus. The structure is used in combination with a substantially horizontal treatment bed in such manner that irradiation tube of an X-ray head is designed to take a correct position with respect to the mouth region of a patient lying on the treatment bed with his head resting on the headrest of the bed. The structure includes the treatment bed, an X-ray head support connected to one side of the bed and made up of an assembly of a plurality of hollow tubes adjustable in length in the three-dimensional directions of length, width and height of the bed and an X-ray head mounted at the end of the support and swingable in a back-and-forth direction with respect to an axis of the irradiation tube. The irradiation tube is mounted on the X-ray head and movable toward and away from the mouth region. The structure permits simple and correct positioning of the X-ray apparatus with respect to a patient lying on the bed.

Abstract: A visual indicator for an X-ray field includes a light generator providing a beam of light. The light is provided to a first mirror that moves about an axis normal to the beam of light to deflect the beam. The deflected beam is applied to a second mirror that moves about an axis normal to the first axis and applies the beam of light to a mirror on the axis of the X-ray beam for reflection onto the X-ray field. The mirrors are controlled by signals indicative of the field defining collimator leaves to cause the light beam to trace out the field defining by the collimator leaves.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating and controlling an electron gun in a vacuum envelope comprising, a cathode, means for controlling the temperature of the cathode to control its current emission, an auxiliary electrode with an aligned opening mounted adjacent to said cathode and with the electron beam from the cathode passing through said aligned opening, means for maintaining the voltage of said auxiliary electrode slightly more negative than said cathode, and an annular anode mounted in a spaced relationship from said cathode and said auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: A radiation source emits a beam of penetrating radiation toward an examination object. A protective filter, fabricated of yttrium foil attached to a bakelite card, is positioned in the path of the radiation beam between the source and the examination object. The yttrium filter has a preselected critical absorption edge operable to obstruct from the beam photon energy below 20 keV and permit a filtered beam having a photon energy above 20 keV to pass through the examination object. The filtered radiation emerging from the examination object is detected by preselected means, such as illuminated film, an X-ray intensifier, a CT scanner, or the like. The detector generates an output signal corresponding to the intensity of the emerging filtered radiation. An image processor converts the output signals to a radiographic image displaying the examination object.

Abstract: X-ray compensation masks (51) are prepared by exposing an X-ray target object (43), such as a patient, to a first beam of X-rays. The X-ray fluence from the patient is received by an electronic image receptor (44) which provides an output signal indicating the intensity of the X-rays at all positions in the image field. The image information is converted by an image processor (47) to transformed X-ray intensity values for a plurality of pixels which cover the image field. A mask generating controller (48) determines the minimum transformed intensity value for any pixel, assigns to each pixel an attenuation number which is proportional to the difference between the transformed intensity value for the pixel and the minimum transformed intensity value, and issues control signals to a mask former (49) which deposits on a non-attenuating substrate (50) attenuating masses in a two dimensional array of pixels with the mass thickness in each pixel proportional to the attenuation number.

Abstract: Apparatus for investigating a part of a body intermediate the extremities thereof by means of X- or .gamma.-radiation is disclosed. The body part is surrounded by a liquid medium; the liquid medium being retained in an enclosure having a tubular inner wall formed of flexible material, and the body part is located within the inner wall. The liquid medium can be pressurized to cause the flexible inner wall to fit intimately the periphery of the body part.

Abstract: In the disclosed device a film loader loads film sheets of different length to be exposed by X-rays. A transport arrangement transports the sheets to positions at which they are to be exposed. A holder keeps the upper edge of the film sheets at the same height in the exposure position regardless of the sheet length.

Abstract: A radioactive logging method for evaluating a wellbore and its surrounding formation in which gamma-ray emitting nuclides may be naturally present. A radioactive tracer is injected into the formation. The tracer emits gamma rays at at least one energy at which substantially none of the naturally present elements emit gamma rays. The wellbore is traversed with a gamma-ray detection system which is tuned to detect gamma rays at the one energy level of the tracer, thus providing a profile of tracer distribution in the formation.

Abstract: An apparatus for electron beam irradiation of objects comprises an electron beam shaper 1 providing a ribbon-shaped beam 7 and a deflecting electromagnet 8 with a frame-type magnetic circuit 9 to direct the beam 7 onto an irradiated object 6 substantially at an angle of 90.degree.. The deflecting electromagnet 8 has two poles 10, 11 extending over the width of the irradiated object 6 and two windings 12, 13 embracing the poles 10, 11 and connected to a direct current source 14, the deflecting electromagnet 8 being arranged so that the trajectories of the electrons within the area from the shaper 1 to the deflecting electromagnet 8 are inclined to the frame of its magnetic circuit 9.

Abstract: A method of x-ray imaging the internal features of an object undergoing examination in which the object is scanned with a beam of x-ray radiation. The radiation is transmitted through the object as primary imaging radiation and as scatter radiation. The image-degrading effect of scatter radiation is reduced by employing a controlled TV camera tube target erase. The controlled target erase consists of a camera tube target raster scan by an electron beam controlled in the vertical position so as to immediately precede in position on the target the latent image charge pattern moduled thereon by exposure to primary imaging radiation. In this manner, the scatter radiation that leads in position the primary radiation is erased from the target prior to read out and, therefore, does not contribute to the TV image formation. The method is also effective in reducing the effects of electron scatter occurring in an image-intensifier tube and optical scatter occurring in system optical elements.

Abstract: An X-ray examination device has an X-ray tube, a primary X-ray diaphragm attached to the X-ray tube and disposed close to the focus thereof, a patient support bed, and an X-ray exposure device disposed behind the patient's support bed in the radiation direction having an X-ray image carrier and a stray radiation screen. The primary X-ray diaphragm includes a first slit beam collimator for generating a fan-shaped radiation beam and the X-ray exposure device has a second slit beam collimator in the form of two displaceable diaphragm plates and an adjustment device for moving the plates relative to one another to achieve a slit opening therebetween of desired width. The examination device further includes synchronized drive units for moving the X-ray tube and the second beam collimator in fixed alignment for sweeping the radiation beam across a patient on the support bed.

Abstract: A polycrystalline sample is irradiated with a collimated beam of substantially monochromatic X-ray radiation to form a diffraction come which extends and expands outwardly from the sample. A substantially planar, two-dimensional, position sensitive detector is disposed across the cone to intercept and thereby form a two-dimensional image of at least a substantial portion of the cone's cross-sectional periphery. A theoretical relationship exists between the shape of the cone's image and the residual stress in the sample such that the image can be analyzed to quantitatively determine the residual stress.