Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol having a non-zero backoff procedure which is bounded by setting a backoff counter to a random value greater than or equal to at least one backoff slot in starting to contend for a channel. This is preferably utilized in combination with setting the Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS) time to an amount less than that utilized for a legacy backoff. The parameters controlling the non-zero backoff may be set by the station performing the contention, or by an associated Access Point (AP), or in response to negotiation between the station and the AP. In some cases the station can switch between enabling and disabling the non-zero backoff procedure during different periods of time.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a pre 5th generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). A method for operating a radio unit (RU) of a base station is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a digital unit (DU), a first message comprising a value indicating the maximum number of masks for one resource area, and receiving, from the DU, a second message generated based on the value, wherein the mask may indicate resources to which the same beam is applied within the resource area.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for adaptively enabling and disabling spatial reuse and adapting BSS color assignments based on various factors associated with a wireless network. A first AP in a wireless network can identify a second AP in a wireless network. The first AP and the second AP may be using the same wireless channel in the wireless network. The first AP can determine a signal strength, such as a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), associated with the second AP. The first AP can adapt its spatial reuse and BSS color assignment according to the signal strength and a signal strength threshold. By adaptively enabling and disabling spatial reuse and adapting BSS color assignments, the disclosed systems and methods provide for improved reuse of wireless mediums while avoiding collisions.

Abstract: A method for controlling data retransmission is provided. Data is transmitted to network device and a timer is started. The data is retransmitted after the timer expires if a HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the data is not received before the timer expires. Or the data is retransmitted if a HARQ-NACK feedback corresponding to the data is received from the network device before the timer expires.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting an object by optical triangulation, where the signal of interest in a captured image corresponds to an interaction between a light beam and an environment surrounding the object rather than between a light beam and the object itself. The surrounding environment may be configured to interact in a manner that is detectable by filling it with a flowable scattering medium, e.g. a gas, mist or vapour comprising a suspension of fine particles in air. Light that is scattered by the flowable scattering medium is visible in a captured image. Where the flowable scattering medium is not present, e.g. because the object blocks it, the scattered signal is less. A boundary of a scattered signal region may thus provide information about the location of an object.

Abstract: A transmission device, which is capable of wirelessly communicating with a reception device by using a first frequency band that does not need a license, the transmission device including, a controller configured to verify whether the first frequency band is not used by other transmission devices, and shift, in a time direction, a first symbol including a first control channel and a first shared channel in a first communication direction, or a second symbol including a second shared channel in a second communication direction different from the first communication direction, and a transmitter configured to transmit, to the reception device, a first control signal and first data, which are allocated to the first symbol, by using the first control channel and the first shared channel, respectively, or second data allocated to the second symbol by using the second shared channel.

Abstract: A method performed by a network node for handling measurements in a multi connectivity communication between a User Equipment (UE), and multiple nodes is provided. The multiple nodes include a Master Node (MN), and one or more Secondary Nodes (SNs) in a wireless communication network. The network node is any one out of an MN and an SN. The network node sends at least one configuration to the UE. The at least one configuration comprises any one or more out of a path and a destination for sending a report from the UE to at least one out of the MN and the one or more SNs. The report is to include a result of a measurement according to a measurement configuration, configuring the UE to measure a respective frequency provided by at least one out of the MN and the one or more SNs for communication.

Abstract: An intraoral scanner comprises a light source for generating light, an optics system for focusing the light, and a light-guiding part having an entrance and an exit. The light source, the optics system and the light-guiding part are arranged such that the light passes through the optics system, enters the light-guiding part via the entrance, and exits the light-guiding part via the exit. The optics system is configured such that, upon entering the light-guiding part, an outermost chief ray of the light with respect to an optical axis of the optics system is divergent to the optical axis and an outermost marginal ray of the light with respect to the optical axis is parallel or divergent to the optical axis.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining analyte content in a fluid in a treatment apparatus. The method comprises positioning a device for treatment in a treatment apparatus. A surface of the device is contacted with a fluid. An analyte content in the fluid is determined based on an electromagnetic property of the fluid following contacting the surface of the device with the fluid. More specifically, an electromagnetic property is measured. The measuring comprises emitting electromagnetic radiation into the fluid in the treatment apparatus and detecting electromagnetic radiation from the fluid. In another aspect, a system comprising a treatment apparatus and a detector for determining the analyte content in the fluid in the treatment apparatus is provided.

Abstract: A visual inspection device including a pinhole lens optically coupled to a sensor is provided. The pinhole lens has a pinhole placed at the distal end of the lens to capture the rays from an object to be inspected, a front optical group receiving the rays which cross the pinhole, and a rear optical group. The front optical group is configured to focus, on the rear optical group, the rays which cross the pinhole. The rear optical group is configured to focus, on the sensor, the rays received from the front optical group.

Abstract: A surgical robotic instrument comprising: a shaft; an end effector element; an articulation connecting the end effector element to the shaft, the articulation comprising: a first joint driveable by a first pair of driving elements, the first joint permitting the end effector element to rotate about a first axis transverse to a longitudinal axis of the shaft; a second joint driveable by a second pair of driving elements; a pulley arrangement around which the second pair of driving elements is constrained to move, the pulley arrangement comprising: a first set of pulleys rotatable about the first axis; and a second set of pulleys proximal to the first set of pulleys and comprising a first pulley rotatable about a second axis, and a second pulley rotatable about a third axis parallel to and offset from the second axis; and a clevis unit comprising two arms supporting the pulleys of the pulley arrangement, and a pulley guard extending from one of the arms for guarding one of the first and second pulleys.

Abstract: Surgical tools for use during scarless or near scarless surgical procedures. At least some of the surgical tools can include a handle portion and a working end removably connected to the handle portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tissue protection device for mitral valve cerclage annuloplasty and, more particularly to a tissue protection device for protecting tissues of the body (heart) during mitral valve cerclage annuloplasty that is performed on a mitral valve cerclage patient with mitral regurgitation. The tissue protection device for mitral valve cerclage annuloplasty of the present invention is a hollow cylindrical tube where cerclage sutures (10a, 10b) are inserted, in which a hole (22) is formed at a predetermined portion of the cylindrical tube so that a coronary sinus cerclage suture (10a) inserted in a coronary sinus comes out of the cylindrical tube, and a lower section from the hole is inserted into the tricuspid valve to protect tissues of the tricuspid valve and the ventricular septum.

Abstract: An image rendering device and an image rendering method are disclosed. For the elements of the image rendering device, a first sensor and a second sensor are configured to sense a target object in a two-dimensional (2D) mode and three-dimensional (3D) mode to generate a first surface-color-signal, a first 3D-depth-signal, a second surface-color-signal and a second 3D-depth-signal respectively. An IR projector is configured to generate an IR-dot-pattern. A processor is configured to control the IR projector to project the IR-dot-pattern on the target object in the 3D mode, and configured to process the first surface-color-signal, the second surface-color-signal, the first 3D-depth-signal and the second 3D-depth-signal to obtain a color 3D model of the target object.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system according to an embodiment, a method of receiving, by a user equipment (UE), physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) based on discrete Fourier transform spreading orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) includes receiving, from a base station (BS), a first PDCCH including first downlink control information (DCI) in which information about a size of DFT precoding applied to a second PDCCH is included; performing blind decoding on the first PDCCH to obtain the first DCI; receiving the second PDCCH including second DCI from the BS; and performing blind decoding on the second PDCCH to obtain the second DCI, based on the information about the size of DFT precoding applied to the second PDCCH included in the first DCI.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to allow a clean airflow around a substrate to reliably move downward of the substrate in an examination device in which clean air is supplied to an inspection chamber. This examination device is provided with a rectifying plate (see FIG. 4A) which covers a part of the upper surface of a stage for mounting a substrate, and is disposed between a gas supply unit and the stage to block an airflow toward the substrate.

Abstract: During a medical procedure, a transseptal fenestration is made at a septum of the heart and a shunt is implanted into the transseptal fenestration. During the same medical procedure, a transapical puncture is made into a left ventricle of the heart. A prosthetic valve is delivered via the transapical puncture and implanted at a mitral valve of the heart. Subsequently to delivering the prosthetic valve and making the transseptal fenestration, the transapical puncture is closed. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for estimating dense multipath parameters by means of multipolarized broadband extended array responses, which includes: first transmitting multiple different transmitted signal sequences via a multipolarized antenna array, and processing received data in multiple snapshots according to the known transmitted signals, to obtain channel responses of multipolarized antenna components at all frequency points in a frequency band; extending the obtained channel response matrixes of multiple frequency points in multiple snapshots into a large two-dimensional channel response matrix; then, acquiring a delay parameter regarding multipath propagation by using a reference array element, and estimating two-dimensional departure and arrival angles by using a channel matrix subjected to frequency domain smoothing and dimensionality reduction; and afterwards, pairing the estimated departure and arrival angles, and estimating parameters such as the cross-polarization ratios, the initial phases, and the

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for classifying a light source, comprising: a sensor adapted to receive a luminous flux emitted by a light source, the sensor comprising a plurality of pixels grouped in sets, each set comprising a first pixel and a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel, each first pixel being adapted to generate a first signal relating to a first portion of luminous flux in a first spectral band received by said first pixel, each second pixel being adapted to generate a second signal relating to a second portion of luminous flux in a second spectral band received by said second pixel, a computer configured to compare the first and second signals and to classify the emitting light source according to the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A spectrometer system comprises a housing provided with a window, an illumination source, a spectrometer and a standard for internal recalibration being disposed in said housing. Specific absorption bands of a filling gas present in the housing are identified in a reference spectrum, which was recorded using the standard, wherein a wavelength characterizing the relevant identified specific absorption band is measured in each case such that measured values are obtained for the wavelengths of the absorption bands. A test spectrum is recorded by the spectrometer using the standard. The specific absorption bands of the filling gas are identified in the test spectrum, wherein a wavelength characterizing the relevant identified specific absorption band is measured in each case such that measured values are obtained for the wavelengths of the specific absorption bands.