Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of making fused ring compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthols, and fused ring indenopyran compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthopyrans, that each employ an unsaturated compound represented by the following Formula II. Referring to the unsaturated compound of Formula II: Ring-A can be selected from optionally substituted aryl (e.g., phenyl); m can be, for example, from 0 to 4; R1 for each m can be selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl (e.g., C1-C6 alkyl) optionally interrupted with at least one linking group (e.g., —O—); and R3 and R16 can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, such as C1-C8 alkyl. When Ring-A is a phenyl group, the unsaturated compound represented by Formula II can be referred to as an unsaturated indanone acid/ester compound, or an indenone acid/ester compound (depending on whether R16 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group).

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst molded body for preparing maleic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms using a catalytically active composition contains vanadium, phosphorus and oxygen, where the shaped catalyst body has an essentially cylindrical body having a longitudinal axis, wherein the cylindrical body has at least two parallel internal holes which are essentially parallel to the cylinder axis of the body and go right through the body. The catalyst molded body has a large outer surface area, a lower pressure loss and sufficient mechanical stability.

Abstract: A method of producing an alkylene oxide includes passing a reaction mixture comprising alkylene, oxygen and a gaseous chlorine-containing promoter species over a supported catalyst containing silver and a promoting amount of rhenium to undergo an epoxidation reaction at a first operating condition. The method further includes subsequently performing the epoxidation reaction at a preferred operating condition. The preferred operating condition is characterized by an efficiency of the epoxidation reaction toward the alkylene oxide where the efficiency is lower than that of a maximum efficiency achievable at an operating temperature corresponding to the preferred operating condition.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for producing bis(?-epoxypropyl)sulfide or bis(?-epoxypropyl)polysulfide can be provided, which is characterized by comprising adding a metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal hydrosulfide, a metal sulfide and a metal polysulfide to an epihalohydrin at ?5 to 30° C. in such a manner that the molar ratio of the epihalohydrin to the metal compound becomes 5 to 20 to thereby cause the reaction of the epihalohydrin with the metal compound. In a preferred embodiment, the epihalohydrin is epichlorohydrin, the metal hydrosulfide is sodium hydrosulfide or potassium hydrosulfide, the metal sulfide is sodium sulfide or potassium sulfide, and the metal polysulfide is sodium polysulfide or potassium polysulfide.

Abstract: A process for recharging the reaction tubes of a tube bundle reactor with a new fixed catalyst bed, in which a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of an organic compound had been performed beforehand in a preceding fixed catalyst bed comprising Mo-comprising multielement oxide active compositions to form a steam-comprising product gas mixture, in which, before the recharge, solid deposit which had been deposited on the tube inner walls and comprises molybdenum oxide and/or molybdenum oxide hydrate is brushed away with the aid of a brush.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyether carbonate polyols from one or more H-functional starter compounds, one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst, wherein (?) the H-functional starter substance or a mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances is initially introduced into the reaction vessel, (?) for the activation, a part amount (based on the total amount of the amount of alkylene oxides employed in steps (?) and (?)) of one or more alkylene oxides is added to the mixture resulting from step (?), it also being possible for step (?) to be carried out several times for the activation, (?) one or more alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide are metered continuously into the mixture resulting from step (?) (“copolymerization”), the alkylene oxides employed for the copolymerization being identical to or different from the alkylene oxides employed in step (?), characterized in that in step (?) the carbon dioxide is

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an olefinic product, comprising (a) preparing a reaction product by converting an oxygenate-comprising feedstock in an oxygenate to olefin process, the reaction product comprising at least C2+ olefins and DME, (b) separating at least part of the reaction product by means of extractive distillation using a butanol solvent into: (i) a first fraction comprising C3? olefins and butanol; and (ii) a second fraction comprising C4+ olefins, DME and butanol; (c) separating the first fraction into: (iii)a C3? olefinic product; and (iv) a third fraction comprising butanol; (d) separating the second fraction into: (v) a DME-comprising C4-C5 olefinic product; and (vi) a fourth fraction comprising butanol and C6+ olefins, wherein at least part of the third and/or fourth fraction are recycled to step (b) together with or as part of the butanol solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing dimethylether from an olefin stream comprising dimethylether, comprising: (a) providing to an oxygenate recovery zone the olefin stream comprising dimethylether and a methanol-comprising solvent, treating the olefin stream comprising dimethylether with the methanol comprising solvent, and retrieving at least a dimethylether-depleted, methanol-comprising olefin stream; and (b) providing to the oxygenate recovery zone a non-aqueous C2 to C4 alcohol solvent and treating the dimethylether-depleted, methanol-comprising olefin stream with the non-aqueous C2 to C4 alcohol solvent, and retrieving from the oxygenate recovery zone at least an olefinic product that is depleted in dimethylether and methanol and a spent solvent comprising at least one C2 to C4 alcohol and methanol.

Abstract: In a process for producing propylene oxide, cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with an oxygen-containing compound under oxidation conditions with or without a suitable catalyst to produce an oxidation reaction effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide. At least a portion of the cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is then reacted with propylene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an epoxidation reaction effluent comprising phenylcyclohexanol and propylene oxide.

Abstract: Zn2+-chelating motif-tethered fatty acids as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Compounds performed well in in vitro and in vivo tests.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: The invention provides oligomer-bis-chromonyl compound conjugates. The conjugates of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits advantages over previously administered compounds.

Abstract: A method for producing ethylene oxide comprising: providing one or more feed components, wherein the one or more feed components contains at least ethylene obtained by dehydrating ethanol; contacting the one or more feed components with a desulfurization catalyst comprising a high surface area support and an amount of silver, wherein at least 20% of the silver is present as oxidized silver; and contacting the one or more feed components with a silver-containing epoxidation catalyst disposed inside an ethylene oxide reactor to form a reaction gas comprising ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A high selectivity catalyst start-up process is provided in which an excess level of chloride moderator (greater than 1 ppm) is present in the feed gas composition during each of the various stages of the start-up process. The excess level of chloride used in the start-up process maintains a low level of selectivity (less than 86%) during the entire start-up process. Despite the low selectivity values achieved during the start-up process of the present disclosure, high selectivity catalysts that are conditioned by such a start-up process exhibit improved catalyst performance during the normal operation of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the oxidation of ethylene to form ethylene oxide is provided that includes passing an aqueous stream through a guard bed and one or more ion exchange treatment beds. The guard bed and the aqueous stream contain from about 0.2 to 20 wt % ethylene glycol. The guard bed contains a cross-linked polystyrene resin, partially functionalized with quaternary ammonium functional groups and the resin has a surface area of greater than 400 m2/g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a preparation method of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid. The synthesis is performed in two steps: first, the tertiary carbonic acid reacts with a halo substituted epoxide under a catalyst to produce tertiary carbonic halo substituted alcohol ester; after dehydrohalogenation of the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid, the glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid is formed. In the first step of preparing the halo substituted alcohol ester of tertiary carbonic acid through synthesis, the reaction between the tertiary carbonic acid and the halo substituted epoxide is only performed in the existence of water and the catalyst, and the water comprises water added before the reaction. The present disclosure significantly increases the product output in the unit volume, and is particularly suitable for industrial production of glycidylester of tertiary carbonic acid having the low cost, high purity, low color and stable color.

Abstract: PROBLEM There is provided a catalyst for producing ethylene oxide which is superior in catalytic selectivity and catalytic life (durability). SOLUTION There is provided a catalyst for producing ethylene oxide having a catalyst component supported on a carrier, wherein the carrier has specific surface area of 0.5 to 1.3 m2/g, Si content (SiO2 equivalent) of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass and Na content (Na2O equivalent) of 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, and the catalyst component is silver (Ag), cesium (Cs), rhenium (Re) and tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making dehydration products from an aqueous sugars solution including pentoses, hexoses or both, for example, an aqueous high fructose corn syrup solution, or from an aqueous solution of one or more of the alcohols of such pentoses and hexoses, for example, from an aqueous sorbitol solution, by an acid-catalyzed dehydration using substituted sulfonic acids solubilized in the aqueous sugars or sugar alcohols solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides an efficient method of synthesizing and purifying dianhydrohexitols such as dianhydrogalactitol. In general, as applied to dianhydrogalactitol, the method comprises: (1) reacting dulcitol with a concentrated solution of hydrobromic acid at a temperature of about 80° C. to produce dibromogalactitol; (2) reacting the dibromogalactitol with potassium carbonate in t-butanol to produce dianhydrogalactitol; and (3) purifying the dianhydrogalactitol using a slurry of ethyl ether to produce purified dianhydrogalactitol. Another method produces dianhydrogalactitol from dulcitol; this method comprises: (1) reacting dulcitol with a reactant to convert the 1,6-hydroxy groups of dulcitol to an effective leaving group to generate an intermediate; and (2) reacting the intermediate with an inorganic weak base to produce dianhydrogalactitol through an intramolecular SN2 reaction. Other methods for the synthesis of dianhydrogalactitol from dulcitol are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isolation of micronutrients from deodorizer distillate comprising free fatty acids, the process comprises the following steps: (i) treating the deodorizer distillate in an esterification step with glycerol, which esterification step is autocatalyzed, producing a feedstock of acyl glycerides, and discharging excess of glycerol and produced water; (ii) transferring the feedstock of acyl glycerides having a water content less than 1500 ppm and a free fatty acid content less than 3 wt % to a transesterification step and treating the feedstock of acyl glycerides with methanol to produce a crude biodiesel product; and (iii) refining the crude biodiesel product in a distillation step, and separating the crude biodiesel product into three fractions 1) fatty acid methyl esters, 2) micronutrient rich product comprising tocopherol, and 3) light hydrocarbons.