Abstract: Prodrugs of C-17-heterocyclic-steroidal drugs providing improved oral bioavailability and phamacokinetics are described. The drugs are inhibitors of human CYP 17 enzyme, as well as potent antagonists of both wild type and mutant androgen receptors (AR), and are useful for the treatment of urogenital and/or androgen-related cancers, diseases and/or conditions, such as human prostate cancer, breast cancer, and prostate hyperplasia. The disclosure describes methods of synthesizing and using the prodrugs in cancer therapy.

Abstract: The ?,?-unsaturated ketone moiety of a substrate representative of non-food based biomass was hydrogenated to the corresponding saturated alcohol moiety using a composition including (1) a copper salt; (2) a phosphine; (3) a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, and (4) a compound suitable for providing hydrogen for the hydrogenation, such as a suitable silane material or a suitable siloxane material.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the formula Formula I or a salt thereof: and the uses of such compounds for the treatment of a disease or disorder involving oxidative damage, for preventing UV damage to the skin of a mammal and for preventing or reversing the effects of ageing, or for treating or preventing dry skin.

Abstract: An ascorbic acid derivative composition of a first aspect according to the present invention consists of a salt of a compound (1) represented by a general formula (1) shown below; and a salt of a compound (2) represented by a general formula (2) shown below, wherein a ratio of the salt of the compound (2) with respect to a total amount of the salt of the compound (1) and the salt of the compound (2) is from 0.1 to 10% by mass, wherein R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and R1 and R2 are the same or are different from each other.

Abstract: Process for dehydrating an ethanol feed to ethylene then oxidating the ethanol to ethylene oxide, comprising vaporizing the feed and a flow of diluting water comprising recycled ethanol to produce a vaporized feed, dehydrating a mixture of vaporized feed and a vaporized flow of diluting water comprising ethanol, separating the dehydration effluent into ethylene and water effluents, purifying at least a portion of the water effluent and separating a flow of treated water and a flow of diluting water comprising ethanol, recycling and vaporizing at least a portion of the separated diluting water by partial or complete vaporization in an exchanger using heat exchange with a quench flow obtained from the oxidation, said quench flow, cooled, then recycled to the oxidation reactor(s), and oxidation of the ethylene in the effluent comprising ethylene into ethylene oxide, this oxidation using a tubular oxidation reactor cooled by vaporization of said quench flow.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the purification of a prostaglandin by supercritical fluid chromatography, said method comprising the use of a stationary phase and a mobile phase comprising carbon dioxide, provided that when the stationary phase is unmodified silica gel, the prostaglandin is not luprostiol. The invention also provides prostaglandins obtainable by the method.

Abstract: A process is provided for the start-up of an ethylene epoxidation process comprising: (a) contacting a catalyst bed comprising a high selectivity epoxidation catalyst with a feed comprising ethylene, oxygen and an organic chloride for a period of time until an increase of at least 1×10?5 mole-% of vinyl chloride (calculated as the moles of vinyl chloride relative to the total gas mixture), preferably 2×10?5 mole-% of vinyl chloride is detected in a reactor outlet gas or a recycle gas loop; and (b) subsequently adjusting the quantity of organic chloride in the feed to a value sufficient to produce ethylene oxide at a substantially optimum selectivity.

Abstract: A chemical composition for reducing stress on a plant comprising: at least one substance (A) selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula (I) and the like and a salt thereof; and a substance (B) which affects a physiological function of the plant [in Formula (I), R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, —SO3H, —PO3H2, glycosyl group or —COR11. R11 represents an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C30 alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted C2 to C30 alkenyl group.].

Abstract: Dehydrating an ethanol feed to form ethylene then oxidation of the ethanol to ethylene oxide: vaporization of an ethanol feed and at least a portion of a flow of diluting water comprising recycled ethanol so as to produce a vaporized feed, compression in a compressor driven by a condensing turbine driven by the steam generated by an oxidation step, dehydration of a mixture of compressed vaporized feed, separation of effluent obtained from dehydration into ethylene and water, purification of at least a portion of effluent containing water and separation into at least a flow of treated water and a flow of diluting water containing ethanol, recycling the latter upstream of the vaporization, oxidation of ethylene containing in the effluent into ethylene oxide, in at least one tubular oxidation reactor cooled by vaporization of a quench flow, said vaporized quench flow being used to drive a condensing turbine.

Abstract: A method for preparing a dialkyloxydianhyrohexitol (dimethylisosorbide) composition by etherification of dianhydrohexitol (isosorbide). The aim is to achieve a “clean” method that avoids the use of a methylation agent such as dimethyl sulfate or methyl chloride, which generates stoechiometric quantities of salts, or expensive dialkyl-carbonates, wherein only one of the two methyl groups participates in the preparation of mixed isosorbide ethers. The method involves using at least one O-alkylation agent and a catalyst including an acid or an acid salt, preferably a catalyst having Lewis or BrØnsted acid properties. A device for carrying out the method wherein the device includes a vaporization oven and a reaction oven is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of inhibiting cAMP efflux and increasing intracellular cAMP in a subject who suffers from, or who is at risk of developing, a cancer by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of a cAMP efflux inhibitor. Novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, diagnostics and screening methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention suggests 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamides of formula (I), in which R2 can be, inter alia, an n-valent radical (n>1) which is substituted with n?1 further 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamide groups of general formula (II), to processes for the preparation of these 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamides, to processes for the preparation of the 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acids of formula (III), which are suitable starting materials for the above processes, and to the use of said 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamides for the preparation of (poly)hydroxyurethanes, -hydroxycarbonates and -hydroxysulfanylformates, and also as end groups for the blocking of amines.

Abstract: Derivative of epichlorohydrin of natural origin, selected from the group consisting of glycidyl ethers presenting an epoxide equivalent weight higher than or equal to 50 g/equivalent and lower than or equal to 15000 g/equivalent, of glycidyl esters, of glycidyl amides, of glycidyl imides, of glycidyl amines, and of any mixture thereof, and of which the 14C mass content is such that the ratio 14C/12C is higher than 0.7 10?12.

Abstract: Provided is glycidyl(meth)acrylate which is reduced in the content of impurities including chlorine. This process comprises reacting epichlorohydrin with an alkali metal (meth)acrylate in the presence of a catalyst to produce glycidyl(meth)acrylate, the process including a step in which the reaction is conducted while making a Bronsted acid present in the reaction system in an amount of 0.0001-0.08 mol per mol of the alkali metal (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: A complex formed of at least one molecule of 5-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5H-furan-2-one or a derivative covalently bonded with at least one hydrocarbon radical with formula (A) as follows: wherein: •-m 1=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; •-m 2=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and represents the site of the bond with the molecule of 5-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5H-furan-2-one or derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tiglien-3-one compounds and their use in methods of treating or preventing protozoal infections, bacterial infections, parasitic infections and cell proliferative disorders. The tiglien-3-one compounds are also used in methods of controlling pests in humans, animals, plants and the environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfoperoxycarboxylic acid compounds, and methods for making and using them. The sulfoperoxycarboxylic compounds of the invention are storage stable, water soluble and have low to no odor. Further, the compounds of the present invention can be formed from non-petroleum based renewable materials. The compounds of the present invention can be used as antimicrobials, and bleaching agents. The compounds of the present invention are also suitable for use as coupling agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to preparation of epoxy karanja oil, epoxy karanja fatty acid methyl esters and their acylated derivatives. Accordingly karanja oil and karanja fatty acid methyl esters were epoxidized using performic acid method. Karanja oil and its fatty acid methyl esters were also hydroxylated to prepare their acyloxy derivatives (C3, C4 & C6). Both the epoxy and acyloxy derivatives of karanja oil and its methyl esters were characterized by 1H NMR and IR studies. The products were evaluated for acid value (A.V.), hydroxyl value (H. V.), iodine value (I. V.), viscosity, viscosity index (V.I.), pour point, flash point and copper strip corrosion and lubricant properties like oxidation stability, air release value, evaporation loss, rust prevention characteristics, hydrolytic stability, foam stability and load carrying capacity and found to be potential base stocks for hydraulic, metal working fluids and other industrial fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by expoxidation of an olefin compound with good productivity wherein a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the coexistence of (a) a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, (b) a hydrogen peroxide solution, (c) a powdered solid catalyst support and (d) a powdered catalyst and optionally (e) an organic solvent, the total mass of (c) and (d) being 100 percent by mass or less on the basis of the total mass of (a), (b) and (e).