Abstract: A color LCD device is capable of preventing the leakage of an internal light irradiated from a back light without the problems relating to the fabrication cost and the cell-gap control. This device has a black matrix located and a light-shielding layer formed on a back surface of a color-filter substrate. The black matrix is located in a display area of the substrate. The light-shielding layer is located in a light-shielding area of the substrate. The black matrix is formed by a first part of a black layer located in the display area. The light-shielding layer is formed by a second part of the same layer located in the light-shielding area. At least one of red, green, and blue color-filter layers is formed as a continuous layer on substantially all of the light-shielding layer.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus comprising a light source apparatus which is provided with an elliptic mirror 12, a light source 11 disposed at the first focal point, a cone-like material disposed at the second focal point, a condenser lens 13, display elements 15R-15B, a color separating and synthesizing optical system, second condenser lenses 16R-16B and a projection lens 19. The cone-like material is one selected from the group of a convex cone lens, a concave cone lens 2, a convex cone-like reflector and a concave cone-like reflector 20. In the projection type display element, light emitted from the light source is introduced into the cone-like material and is emitted as divergent light through the conical surface of the cone-like material.

Abstract: In a spatial light modulator of the present invention, a photoconductive layer formed of photoconductive material receives write light having a spatial distribution in its intensity and changes resistivity of the photoconductive material dependently on the spatial distribution in the intensity of the received write light. A liquid crystal layer formed of liquid crystal molecules of nematic phase receives read light and presents birefringence with respect to the received read light. An electric voltage is applied through the photoconductive layer and the liquid crystal layer to thereby produce an electric field in the liquid crystal layer. The photoconductive layer changes the electric field produced in the liquid crystal layer in accordance with the resistivity of the photoconductive material so as to electrically control the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: An upper case 1 and a lower case 2 are fixed by no screw, so that assemblage workability is improved. An electric appliance can be divided into plastic upper case 1, metal-plate-made lower case 2, and logic package 9 having print substrates. As a result, the electric appliance is easy to waste.

Abstract: Spacer particles are supplied and allocated onto a particle distributing jig plate having numerous spacer particle positioning depressed portions for receiving the spacer particles in a one-to-one correspondence. Then the particle distributing jig plate is made to face, and be registered with, the liquid crystal display element substrate, so that the spacer particles allocated to the depressed portions are transferred to the substrate of a liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: A display device provided with a set of display panels aligned adjacently to each other placed between a large-scaled substrate and a flexible coat layer opposing each other, and the space between the display panels and the space between each display panel and the large-scaled substrate and flexible coat layer are filled with an adhesive agent. The adhesive agent bonds each display panel to another, and also the set of display panels and the large-scaled substrate and coat layer. A force acting on each display panel caused by volumetric shrinkage of the adhesive agent as it sets is absorbed by the flexible coat layer, and thus the cell gap in each display panel remains intact. As a result, a display device with a large-scaled screen of a multi-display method which can eliminate inconsistencies in color and make the connections of the display panels less noticeable can be realized.

Abstract: In an LCD device of a thin film transistor which includes a thin film transistor having as a switching device gate electrode to which a driving voltage is applied and source/drain electrodes in which a channel is formed and thereby turned on when the driving voltage is applied to the gate electrode and has a data line spaced from the source electrode by a predetermined interval to be insulated therefrom and connected with the drain electrode, by interposing a storage electrode covering the data line and the gate line, located at a lower portion of a pixel electrode and formed of a conductive material capable of cutting off a light between the data line and a pixel electrode and between a gate line and the pixel electrode, the storage electrode cuts off the data line and the pixel electrode, and the gate line and the pixel electrode to minimize a parasitic capacitance generated therebetween, and accordingly, to prevent a cross talk caused by the parasitic capacitance, and thereby an aperture is increased witho

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a plurality of signal lines Yj (j=1-N: total signal line number N) and a plurality of scanning lines Xi (i=1-M) arranged in a matrix pattern of N.times.M, and thin film transistors for switching signal inputs between a display pixel electrode C (i, j) and signal wiring Yj, disposed to correspond to respective intersections of the signal lines and the scanning lines, and auxiliary capacitance Cadd formed in an electrically parallel relationship with the display pixel electrode C (i, j) composed of liquid crystal. The auxiliary capacitance Cadd is formed between the scanning line Xi-1 controlling the display pixel electrode C(i-1, j) at a previous stage of the display pixel electrode C (i, j) and display pixel electrode C (i, j), and disposed n such a positional relationship that the display pixel electrode C (i, j) completely covers the scanning line Xi-1 at the previous stage in a direction of its line width in terms of a cross sectional construction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates provided with a plurality of pixels and a liquid crystal region formed of liquid crystal as a display medium, the liquid crystal region being interposed between the pair of substrates. A photosensitive film having birefringence is provided on at least one face on the liquid crystal region side of the substrates so as to surround at least one pixel.

Abstract: An active-matrix liquid crystal display has a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) switching device provided in each of the pixels of the display. The MIM switching device includes a hard carbon film disposed as an insulating layer between a first and a second conductor and exhibits excellent and reliable switching operations, thereby providing liquid crystal displays with high display quality and low power consumption.

Abstract: An electro-optical backlighting panel construction for use in portable computer-based systems having direct and projection viewing modes of operation. In the illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the electro-optical backlighting panel is integrated with a LCD display panel, a micropolarization panel, and a touch-screen writing panel to provide several different types of portable computer-based systems including, for example, a portable notebook computer, a computer-driven image display device, and a portable pen-computing device. In general, each of these computer-based systems are capable of selectively displaying color video images on an actively driven display surface, or projecting such video images onto a wall surface or projection screen. These computer-based systems can be easily reconfigured for projection viewing without any sort of physical modification to the LCD display panel assembly.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate; a first metal layer including an aluminum alloy having a first refractory metal with a first melting temperature over the substrate; and a second metal layer including a pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a second refractory metal with a second melting temperature lower than the first melting temperature over the first metal layer. The above liquid crystal display device of the present invention prevents the occurrence of hillocks on the aluminum gate metal. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is disclosed including the steps of forming a first metal layer of an aluminum alloy including a refractory metal having a first melting temperature on a substrate; and forming a second metal layer of a pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy including a refractory metal having a second melting temperature lower than the first melting temperature on the first metal layer.

Abstract: A color display device such as an active-matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus has a first substrate having pixel electrodes arranged in the form of the matrix, switching elements associated with respective pixel electrodes and color filters aligned with the respective pixel electrodes. The first substrate is composed of a laminate structure including, superposed in the mentioned sequence, a first layer having the switching elements, a second layer having the color filters, a third layer including a planarization film which fills convexities presented by the switching elements and the color filters, and a fourth layer having the pixel electrodes aligned with the color filter. The display device also has a second substrate including a counter electrode and adjoined to the first substrate leaving a predetermined gap left therebetween. A liquid crystal is charged in the gap between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of the invention includes: a first substrate and a second substrate, each substrate having an electrode formed thereon; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a convex pattern formed on a surface of the second substrate so as to face the liquid crystal layer, the convex pattern having an alignment function for controlling an orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer so as to conduct a display in an electrically controlled birefringence mode.

Abstract: An encapsulated liquid crystal layer is patterned by placing a mask into contact with a coated substrate. The mask is held against the substrate, for example, by a vacuum, to form a seal. The assembly is submerged in a solvent to dissolve the exposed region of the encapsulated liquid crystal material.

Abstract: An apparatus for deflecting light of the present invention comprises: (a) at least one pair of transference electrodes arranged facing one another; (b) a drive circuit which applies a voltage among the transference electrodes; and (c) a liquid crystal which is inserted among the transference electrodes, and whose parallel stripes that function as a diffraction grating when the voltage is applied among the transference electrodes are produced at a pitch corresponding to the applied voltage. The light can be scanned if a diffracted light by the apparatus for deflecting light is converted into a scanning light and a voltage value is changed temporally to apply the voltage among the transference electrodes. In a device for reading information, the scanning light is reflected in a bar code and the reflected light is detected by an apparatus for detecting light.

Abstract: A projective display system includes a light source, a display surface, and a two dimensional light modulator array in an optical path between the light source and the display surface. The two dimensional light modulator array has a plurality of light modulators arranged in rows to modulate light from the light source, with at least one row being susceptible to failure. To compensate for any failed rows, a redundant light modulator array is provided, with modulated light output of the redundant light modulator array being directed by an optical element positioned to selectively substitute for at least one failed row of light modulators.

Abstract: A film of photosensitive material is illuminated from first and second sides with coherent polarized light so as to form an interference pattern within the film. Regions of cyclicly varying refractive index are provided in the film in accordance with the intensity of the interference patten, thereby forming an polarization sensitive refractive index grating. The refractive index grating may be used as a polarization and wavelength dependent mirror, patterned polarizer, beamsplitter or filter.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing a display layer between a pair of electrode plates. The display layer comprises a porous polymer material having open pores partially filled and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the porous polymer material. The display layer is free from an unfilled portion of the low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound to be effective for providing a liquid crystal device showing a high transmittance and a good contrast. The display layer also comprises a three dimensional network structure coated with a polymer layer, and a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound impregnating the three-dimensional network structure. The display layer is free from a fibrous part which is unstable against an applied voltage to be effective for providing a liquid crystal device showing no hysteresis.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus for irradiating a liquid crystal display panel from the back includes a light guiding plate having at least an end which is bent in a direction opposite to the liquid crystal display panel, and a light source disposed on the back surface of the light guiding plate with respect to the liquid crystal display panel. Light from the light source is incident on the bent section of the light guiding plate, reflected by a reflector covering the outside surface of the bent section, and then falls on a section corresponding to a data display space of the liquid crystal display panel. This structure enables an increase in the ratio of the area of a light emitting section to the area of the entire lighting apparatus.