Abstract: An image display device is so adapted as to eliminate both largest and next largest noise components. The image display device includes an image display body having a plurality of pixels arranged periodically in two dimensions and an optical low-pass filter placed on or above the front surface of the image display body. One of two cut-off spatial frequencies in at least one direction of the optical low-pass filter is set within a range of values greater than 1/4 and less than 3/4 of a specific sampling frequency (that having the second lowest frequency) among sampling frequencies determined by the pixel arrangement of the image display body, and the other of the two cut-off spatial frequencies is set within a range of values greater than 3/4 and less than 5/4 of the specific sampling frequency, where the specific sampling frequency is taken as being 1.

Abstract: A color display device includes a display medium; a display-side substrate including electrodes for driving the display medium; a counter substrate opposed to the display-side substrate with the display medium therebetween and including electrodes or driving the display medium; a first absorptive color filter provided on the display-side substrate; a second reflective color filter provided on a face opposite to the display-side substrate of the first color filter for reflecting light having a complementary color of light transmitted through the first color filter; and reflecting means provided on a face opposite to the first color filter of the second color filter.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device comprises a ferroelectric liquid crystal held between a pair of parallel substrates each provided with transparent electrodes formed thereon, and color filters formed between the transparent electrode and the substrate at least on one side. In the device, a difference in surface roughness between the color filters for all the pixels is less than 0.1 .mu.m. With this device, the occurrence of orientation defects is prevented and excellent characteristics specific to a ferroelectric liquid crystal are sufficiently developed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an insulating substrate, scanning lines formed on a main surface of the insulting substrate, a gate insulating film formed on the main surface and the scanning lines, signal lines formed crossing the scanning lines on the gate insulating film, an interlayer insulating film formed on the scanning lines, the first insulating film and the signal lines, pixel electrodes provided at respective regions defined by respective pairs of adjacent scanning lines and respective pairs of adjacent signal lines on the interlayer insulating film, TFTs provided corresponding to the pixel electrodes near respective cross points between the scanning lines and the signal lines, responsive to respective signals applied from respective ones of the pairs of scanning lines defining respective regions where the corresponding pixel electrodes are formed for connecting or disconnecting respective ones of the pair of signal lines defining the regions to or from the pixel electrodes, and a protecti

Abstract: A composite material includes a cholesteric liquid crystal; a polymer which is distributed in phase-separated domains and provides an effective form-retention property for the composite material; and an additional material which is dissolved in the cholesteric liquid crystal and maintains a cholesteric phase of the liquid crystal and bistability of a focal conic state and a planar state of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates and a display medium sandwiched between the electrode substrates and including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall. In this liquid crystal display device, the polymeric wall is tightly attached to both the electrode substrates. Furthermore, the invention also provides a method for producing a liquid crystal display device including a pair of electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent, and a display medium including a polymeric wall and liquid crystal regions at least partly surrounded by the polymeric wall and sandwiched between the electrode substrates.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate formed of a material which allows transmission of visible light therethrough; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a light absorbing layer provided on the second substrate for absorbing the visible light; and a holographic color reflective film provided on the light absorbing layer and having a light reflecting area for reflecting light of a prescribed wavelength range of the visible light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates opposed to each other, polymeric walls patterned in a predetermined pattern, and a liquid crystal layer at least a part of which is surrounded by the polymeric wall, and the polymeric wall and the liquid crystal layer are interposed between the substrates, wherein the polymeric wall has a predetermined rotatory polarization corresponding to an alignment regulating force of the substrates.

Abstract: The present invention is a liquid crystal display with an improved backlighting system. A light source in the backlighting system radiates light in a first non-preferred direction. An optical apparatus coupled to the light source receives the light radiated by the light source in the first non-preferred direction and refracts it into a first preferred direction.

Abstract: The electric circuit of a Liquid Crystal Display normally includes a common electrode comprising a material such as indium-tin-oxide that has high resistivity and hence high series resistance. Said series resistance is significantly reduced by the design taught in the present invention wherein an electrically conductive black matrix is located so as to be in contact with the common electrode. Additionally, said design reduces the level of light reflected back in the direction of viewing, thereby improving the contrast level of the display.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an active matrix display device having a matrix of display elements (12), particularly liquid crystal elements. An array of first electrodes (24) are connected to associated address conductors (20) through two-terminal non-linear devices (16), in which the first electrodes and address conductors are provided as separate planar arrays. Prefabricated, physically discrete non-linear devices (35), such as MIMs or punch through diodes, are arranged between the planar arrays electrically coupling respective first electrodes to associated address conductors. A set of display element second electrodes/address conductors (18) is provided as a further array spaced from the array of first electrodes with liquid crystal material (21, 61) disposed therebetween. The non-linear devices are distributed, possibly carried in a polymer film, in a quasi-random manner. Large area displays are possible without using extensive lithography.

Abstract: An apparatus for rubbing the alignment layer applied to a thin film transistor and a color filter glass plate of a liquid crystal display to set the molecular orientation of the liquid crystals includes a cylindrical roll with a round peripheral surface covered by a piled fabric having pile, and a table for supporting the thin film transistor or color filter glass plate. The cylindrical roll is rotated with the pile contacting the alignment layer of the thin film transistor or color filter glass plate while moving the table relative to the cylindrical roll so that the surface of the alignment layer is rubbed. The pile includes a plurality of properly defined sections having alternate short and long pile so as to alternately vary the rubbing strength of the piled fabric against the alignment layer.

Abstract: A display device (1) has a display panel (2) which comprises a first substrate (6) on which a first picture electrode (11-27) is provided as well as a substantially parallel second substrate (7) on which a second picture electrode (20) is provided, both substrates (6, 7) sandwiching an electro-optical medium (8). Said electro-optical medium (8) is capable of switching between an at least substantially transparent state and a scattering state under the influence of an electric field. A transparent insulating layer (10) is provided between the first picture electrode (11-17) and the electro-optical medium (8), said insulating layer reflecting the light (30) which, at least during operation, is emitted by a light source (3) and sidelong captured by the panel (2), so that it does not reach the first picture electrode (11-17).

Abstract: An optical modulation device comprises scanning electrodes and signal electrodes disposed opposite to and intersecting with the signal electrodes, and an optical modulation material disposed between the electrodes, a pixel being formed at each intersection of the electrodes and showing a contrast depending on the polarity of a voltage applied thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optically anisotropic element to be used for improvement of visual angle characteristics for display contrast and display color of TN type liquid crystal display element, and to a method for manufacturing the same. The optically anisotropic element has a liquid crystal display element, which comprises a liquid crystal cell, in which a twist nematic liquid crystal is squeezed between two electrode substrates and two polarizing elements disposed on both sides thereof, said optically anisotropic element being disposed between said liquid crystal cell and said polarizing element, whereby it has sheet-like structure and exhibits negative uniaxial property and is arranged in such manner that its optical axis is neither perpendicular nor in parallel to sheet surface, for example, it is inclined at an angle of 10.degree. to 40.degree. from a direction perpendicular to sheet surface.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of obtaining a wide viewing angle without coloration caused by a viewing angle. A liquid crystal display cell is disposed between a pair of polarizers, and between the liquid crystal display cell and the pair of polarizers, first optical compensation plates are disposed at the side of the liquid crystal display cell, and second optical compensation plates are disposed at the side of the polarizer. The first optical compensation plates have a refractive index anisotropy in the plane, and the refractive index thereof in the thickness direction is nearly equal to the refractive index of a minimum value in the plane, whereas the second optical compensation plates have no refractive index anisotropy in the plane, the refractive index in the thickness direction is greater than the refractive index in the plane, and a positive phase difference is expressed by inclination from the normal direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal layer; a liquid crystal alignment film in contact with the liquid crystal layer; a first substrate and a second substrate which are disposed so as to face each other with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween; a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix on a surface, facing the liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate; and a counter electrode formed on a surface, facing the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate. In the liquid crystal display device, a black matrix covering at least portions between the pixel electrodes is formed over the surface of the first substrate, facing the liquid crystal layer; the black matrix is formed in a taper shape having a taper angle .theta. smaller than 90 degrees; and the liquid crystal alignment film provides a pretilt angle larger than one-half of the taper angle .theta..

Abstract: A signal input electrode portion formed on a liquid crystal display panel which has driver LSIs outputting signals for driving picture elements is detachably inserted from a side direction thereof into and is connected to a connector mounted on a circuit board for supplying electric power and input signals to the liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel is electrically connected with the circuit board through the connector.

Abstract: A plasma addressed liquid crystal display panel comprises a channel substrate having plasma channels in its upper surface thereof and an upper substrate over the upper surface of the channel substrate. A first polarizer is disposed over the upper surface of the channel substrate and transmits only light that is polarized in a first state. An electro-optic layer extends over the first polarizer and has a first condition in which it transmits light that is polarized in the first state without changing the state of polarization and a second condition in which it converts light that is polarized in the first state to a second state of polarization that is orthogonal to the first state. A second polarizer is over the electro-optic layer and transmits only light that is polarized in the second state.

Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulation system includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator. A writing light source irradiates a writing light for recording an image onto the spatial light modulator. A read-out light source irradiates a bias light for adjusting the sensitivity of the spatial light modulator and a read-out light for reading a recorded image from the spatial light modulator. An adjusting circuit is used to adjust the bias light intensity or irradiation time in synchronism with the writing light to increase the sensitivity of the spatial light modulator. A driving circuit supplies writing voltage signals to the spatial light modulator. The irradiation times of the write light and the bias light overlap with the application of the writing voltage signals for a predetermined time for adjusting the sensitivity of the spatial light modulator.