Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of acid saccharification of biomass and a method of polymerization of furan compounds. The method of acid saccharification of biomass comprises recovering pentose-derived furan compounds produced during the acid saccharification process of biomass. The method of acid saccharification of biomass comprises introducing furan compounds into the acid saccharification process of biomass, to produce and recover furan polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Palladium (II)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H alkynylation of amines using picolinamide as directing group. The developed alkynylation strategy is simple, efficient, and tolerant of various ring size including five to eight member cyclic, quaternary amines, and N-heterocyclic motifs.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound efficiently at low costs and a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal by making use of the aforesaid process for preparing the 5-alken-1-yne compound. There is provided a process for preparing a 5-alken-1-yne compound of the following formula (4): Y—Z—CR1?CR2—(CH2)2—C?CH (4) in which Y in formula (4) represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, the process comprising at least steps of: subjecting (i) an alkenylmagnesium halide compound prepared from a haloalkene compound of the following formula (1): Y—Z—CR1?CR2—(CH2)2—X1 (1) and (ii) an alkyne compound of the following formula (2): X2—C?C—Si(R3)(R4)(R5) (2) to a coupling reaction to form a silane compound of the following formula (3): Y—Z—CR1?CR2—(CH2)2—C?C—Si(R3)(R4)(R5) (3); and subjecting the silane compound (3) to a desilylation reaction to form the 5-alken-1-yne compound (4).

Abstract: A method of using biopolymer to synthesize titanium-containing silicon oxide material and applications thereof are disclosed. The method comprises steps: mixing a titanium source, a silicon source, an acid source, a base source, a biopolymer and a solvent to form an aqueous solution, and letting the aqueous solution react to form a semi-product; performing aging, solid-liquid separation and drying of the semi-product to obtain a dried solid; and performing calcination or extraction of the dried solid to obtain a titanium-containing silicon oxide material with a high specific surface area. The present invention adopts a biopolymer as the templating agent, which makes the fabrication process of titanium-containing silicon oxide material more environment-friendly. After calcination or extraction, the product still has superior catalytic activity, able to catalyze epoxidation of olefins and favorable for the production of epoxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reaction of a chlorine-containing compound using a flow reactor which is less restricted by a solvent to be used. In the present disclosure, an organic compound is produced by supplying a reaction substrate having at least one functional group which can react with chlorine and is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a thiocarboxyl group, and an acid amide group, and a chlorine-containing compound to a flow reactor together with a trialkyl amine having 9 to 40 carbon atoms and an organic solvent, and allowing the reaction substrate and the chlorine-containing compound to react with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing [(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)-sulfonyl](2-methyl-propyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl ester—which compound is also known under its INN as darunavir—by reacting carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl[(3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl]ester with 4-amino-N-[(2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl]-N-(2-methylpropyl)-benzenesulfonamide in ethanol as solvent. Furthermore said process allows for darunavir to be isolated immediately in its ethanolate form, i.e. darunavir monoethanolate, which is the marketed form of darunavir under the tradename Prezista™.

Abstract: The disclosure provides embodiments processing and extracting compounds from cannabis. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a composition comprising the cannabis; inserting the composition into a treatment zone; applying a pulsed electric field to the composition within the treatment zone, wherein a portion of the cell membranes of the cannabis are lysed by electroporation to provide a product comprising a lysate; and separating at least a portion of a compound within the lysate from a remainder of the product.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of propylene oxide, comprising providing a liquid feed stream comprising propene, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, water, at least one dissolved potassium salt of hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, and optionally propane; passing the liquid feed stream provided in (i) into an epoxidation reactor comprising a catalyst comprising a titanium zeolite of structure type MFI, and subjecting the liquid feed stream to epoxidation reaction conditions in the epoxidation reactor, obtaining a reaction mixture comprising propylene oxide, methanol, water, and the at least one dissolved potassium salt of hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, and optionally propane; removing an effluent stream from the epoxidation reactor, the effluent stream comprising propylene oxide, methanol, water, at least a portion of the at least one potassium salt of hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, and optionally propane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a propylene direct oxidation reaction catalyst capable of preparing a propylene oxide from propylene and oxygen at a higher yield than catalysts prepared by conventional methods, by applying a specific transition metal oxide promoter in preparation of a catalyst containing silver, a transition metal oxide promoter and a carrier through a slurry process. The present invention provides a propylene direct oxidation reaction catalyst, which is a supported silver catalyst used for preparing a propylene oxide from the propylene direct oxidation reaction, the catalyst including a molybdenum oxide and a tungsten oxide as a catalyst promoter.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to food and beverage compositions infused with lipophilic active agents and methods of use for the treatment of a variety of disorders. More particularly, aspects described herein relate to food and beverage compositions infused with lipophilic active agents such as cannabinoids, nicotine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), and vitamins, that provide enhanced bioavailability of the lipophilic active agents in a subject, and that mask unpleasant tastes of lipophilic active agents.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to treating and/or ameliorating TNF? cytotoxicity and particularly, but not exclusively, to compositions, methods, and kits for specifically modulating BCL-2-associated death promoter (BAD) activity, for example, by modulating the activity of Src and/or p190GAP.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds with improved solubility and altered pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds of the present invention may be represented by Formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and a solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; recovering at least part of the lactide; and recovering at least part of the water; wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step; and wherein the step of recovering at least part of the water comprises a decantation step, preferably with the proviso that the step of recovering at least part of the water does not comprise an azeotropic distillation step.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and co-crystals thereof are useful for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase. The compounds may also be useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection by HIV and in the prophylaxis, delay in the onset or progression, and treatment of AIDS. The compounds and their salts can be employed as ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions, optionally in combination with other antiviral agents, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.

Abstract: A method of using biopolymer to synthesize titanium-containing silicon oxide material and applications includes mixing a titanium source, a silicon source, an acid source, a base source, a biopolymer and a solvent to form an aqueous solution, and letting the aqueous solution react to form a semi-product; performing aging, solid-liquid separation and drying of the semi-product to obtain a dried solid; and performing calcination or extraction of the dried solid to obtain a titanium-containing silicon oxide material with a high specific surface area. The present invention adopts a biopolymer as the templating agent, which makes the fabrication process of titanium-containing silicon oxide material more environment-friendly. After calcination or extraction, the product still has superior catalytic activity, able to catalyze epoxidation of olefins and favorable for the production of epoxide.

Abstract: An integrated process is useful for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and/or a derivative thereof from a six-carbon sugar-containing feed. The process includes a) dehydrating a feed containing a six-carbon sugar unit, in the presence of a bromine source and of a solvent, to generate an oxidation feed that contains at least one of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and/or a derivative or derivatives of HMF in the solvent, together with at least one bromine containing species; b) contacting the oxidation feed from step (a) with a metal catalyst and with an oxygen source under oxidation conditions to produce an oxidation product mixture of at least FDCA and/or a derivative thereof, the solvent, and a residual catalyst: c) purifying and separating the mixture obtained in step (b) to obtain FDCA and/or a derivative thereof and the solvent; and d) recycling at least a portion of the solvent obtained in step (c) to step (a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluorescein quinoid form of Formula (I): Furthermore, the present invention relates to a new solid fluorescein form and a process for the preparation thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of said new solid fluorescein form in the synthesis of fluorescein quinoid form.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, formulations, and kits for treating or preventing a heart condition, e.g., cardiac arrhythmia, e.g., atrial arrhythmia, using selective ?1 adrenergic receptor blockers. Also disclosed herein are methods, formulations, and kits for treating a heart condition via inhalation or intranasal spray administration of selective ?1 adrenergic receptor blocker and class I antiarrhythmic agent.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a 2-alkylcarbonylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione-related substance, which is suitable for the production on an industrial scale. The present invention provides: a method for producing an intermediate for the production of a 2-alkylcarbonyl[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione, which comprises reacting a 1-butyne derivative in which a ketone or an alcohol is protected with a 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivative having a leaving group at position-3 in a solvent in the presence of a metal or a metal compound and a base; and a substance relating to the intermediate.

Abstract: Provided are processes for monitoring and maintaining continuous carbonylation of epoxides or lactones. Processes include measuring parameters affecting the rate of the carbonylation reaction and adding supplemental replacement catalyst replacement components to maintain a constant rate of carbonylation.