Abstract: There are disclosed processes for separating waxes of different melting points from a room temperature amorphous or liquid hydrocarbon mixture in an energy conservative manner by selectively causing precipitation of crystallized waxes. The processes involve the use of a selected co-solvent totally miscible with light and intermediate hydrocarbons from a group consisting of acetone, ketene, propanone, 2-propanone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N-propanol, acetic acid, formic acid, and propionic acid or combinations thereof as a precipitating agent. Hydrocarbon mixtures, especially those with elevated pour points are first diluted by solvents such as toluene and/or methylethyl ketone which must be free of any significant quantity of the aforesaid co-solvents. The diluted hydrocarbon mixture at above 50 degrees F.

Abstract: A water-conducting lance, fitted with a spray nozzle at an end thereof, is fixed to the top of a massecuite-separating centrifuge which has a rotating basket, to dispose the nozzle in adjacency to the top of the basket. The nozzle addresses the top of the basket, perpendicularly, and sprays pre-wetting water onto sugar crystals thereat, to insure a good mix of the crystals with subsequent mixing liquid (also water) in a mixing liquid zone, in order that a lump-free high brix magma will be produced.

Abstract: A method for pretreating a cellulosic waste product with microwaves is disclosed as well as a method and apparatus for converting cellulosic wastes into soluble saccharides. The invention greatly enhances a reaction rate for enzymatic hydrolysis. A feed mixture of cellulose, water and acetic acid are irradiated with microwaves at a superatmospheric pressure in an autoclave reaction vessel and the treated cellulose is enzymatically hydrolyzed in a bioreactor. The acid and enzymes are optionally separated for reuse. As a feed stock for the culture of microbes, the sugars can be further processed into ethanol or food protein. High yield, low hazard potential, low energy usage and ready preparation in space of acetic acid and the enzyme makes the present invention well suited for use on long duration space missions.

Abstract: In order to produce dustfree silver nitrate which can be readily dosed, silver nitrate is atomized in a molten state. A purity of the silver nitrate of greater than 99%, a pH of 2 to 6, and the exclusion of light during the atomizing are necessary.

Abstract: Fluorine content of tantalum and niobium hydroxides is reduced to under 0.5 weight % by washing such hydroxide precipitates (as obtained by HF digestion and solvent extraction) with dilute ammonia (1 to 10%) and then water in two washing stages. The first washing stage includes a partial neutralization and the used wash water of the second stage is advantageously recycled, after adjustment of its ammonia concentration, for use as the first stage washing liquid.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of the sugar contained in plants such as sugar beets or sugar cane, wherein the concentration of a dilute liquor by the evaporation of water to obtain a liquor from which the sugar may be separated by crystallization, is applied to a liquor to which hydrogen peroxide has been added and the pH of which is between 8 and 9.5 after the addition of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Enaminones of polyalkenylsuccinimides are used as effective antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oils and gas oils, during processing of such liquids at elevated temperatures. The enaminones are formed via reaction of polyalkenylsuccinimide and a dicarbonyl compound. The polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate is first formed via reaction of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride and polyamine.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation of polymeric based fouling deposits normally formed during the caustic washing to hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of an acetoacetate ester compound to the caustic wash system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus that includes multiple counterflow rinsing of chemically treated, anodized, plated or otherwise processed workpieces, utilizing a single on-line spray-rinse tank or station with successively less concentrated or contaminated rinse solutions that are sequentially pumped from one or more off-line tanks or reservoirs that provide at least three overlapping counterflow spray rinse cycles that cover the treated workpiece or workpieces which can be supported individually or together in a bulk processing barrel in the spray-rinse tank, whereby the workpiece or pieces are decontaminated for any additional processing of a finished part using a minimum amount of water or rinse solution during the rinsing process.

Abstract: A low DE starch hydrolysate is fractionated using a strong base ion exchange resin in hydrophobic anion form. Fractionated acyclic limit dextrins from a cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase digest are found to have extremely long term clarity.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates a rinse process which can be used with any cycle, but which has particular utility following a wash cycle have a highly concentrated detergent solution.The method of rinsing fabric provided by the present invention is useful in a washer having a wash chamber rotatable about a horizontal axis. The steps undertaken in the method begin with loading fabric to be washed into the wash chamber of the washer. The fabric is then washed in a detergent solution while rotating the wash chamber about its horizontal axis for a first period of time. Next the detergent solution is drained from the wash chamber. The fabric is then rinsed by adding water to the wash chamber while spinning the wash chamber at a speed to effect more than a one gravity centrifugal force on the fabric such that the fabric will not tumble within the wash chamber as it spins. Finally, the wash chamber is drained of the rinse water.

Abstract: A non-toxic, non-corrosive water-soluble flux for cored solders comprises citric acid. The flux of the invention produces solder joints of high metallic luster and excellent quality. Clean-up of flux residues is accomplished using only water.

Abstract: Deasphalting heavy, asphaltic crudes before significant thermal treatment, even mild treatment which is inherent in, e.g., vacuum distillation, produces deasphalted whole crude with a reduced soluble metal content. This process is especially effective for preparing feedstocks for catalytic cracking units from heavy crudes containing large amounts of Ni and V which are porphyrin coordinated, and which are thermally unstable.

Abstract: Compositions of ketene dimer and nonreactive hydrophobe compound and method for internally sizing paper therewith are provided, wherein the melting point of said hydrophobe compound is higher than the melting point of the ketene dimer.

Abstract: A method of making a hydrotreating catalyst wherein the catalyst is prepared by mixing a peptized alumina support containing soluble Group IVB and Group VIII metal compounds with a solution containing a soluble Group VIB metal compound and a basic compound. The catalyst is used for hydrodenitrogenation and Ramsbottom Carbon Residue reduction of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: A method for making a hydrotreating catalyst wherein the catalyst is prepared by mixing a peptized hydrated supporting oxide with a hydrated Group IVB metal oxide gel promoter. The Group VIII metals are mixed in with the Group IVB metal oxide gel promoter. A solution containing a soluble Group VIB metal and a basic compound is added. The catalyst is used for hydrodenitrogenation and Ramsbottom Carbon Residue reduction of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils and gases are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide quantity reducing aminocarbinol of the formulaR.sub.2 N--CH(--R.sup.1)OHwherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl and each R is independently hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl or both R groups are collectively a divalent hydrocarbon or ether radical combined with the nitrogen of the aminocarbinol to form a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula(--R--R--)>N--CH(--R.sup.1)OH.The aminocarbinols used in this treatment are especially suitable for sour gases and high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: An ozone safe method for stripping a silicone oil base grease from a part. The method includes the steps of providing a stripping composition of an alkylbenzene, a solution comprising a major portion of a propylene oxide derived glycol ether, and glacial acetic acid. The part to be stripped is immersed in the composition while ultrasonically agitating the composition.

Abstract: A new chemical separation process was developed in this invention using 2-methoxyethanol or methyl collosolve (MCS) and ethylene glycol (EG) as separation agents, to separate the valuable extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA), tri n-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) from spent solvent and to recover the extractants. The process comprises separation and recovery sections. In the separation section the extractants were removed by the polar solution from spent solvent based on the difference of miscibilities. In the recovery section, the polar solution loaded with extractants was distillated under vacuum to remove MCS as a distillate and water was added to the bottom product to facilitate the separation of the extractants. By using this novel process, 99% of D2EHPA and 70% of TOPO in the spent solvent were separated and 98% of D2EHPA was recovered. MCS and EG can be regenerated and reused in the process.

Abstract: A continuous coupled jet-cooking/spray-drying process for processing inherently water-dispersible or water-soluble crystalline polymers, such as starches, polygalactomannan gums, and fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols, is disclosed. It involves the steps of: (a) forming a slurry or paste of the polymer and water, (b) jet-cooking the slurry or paste with steam at a temperature sufficient to fully disperse or solubilize the polymer, (c) immediately conveying and introducing under elevated temperature and pressure the jet-cooked dispersion or solution into a nozzle of a spray-dryer chamber, (d) atomizing the jet-cooked dispersion or solution through the nozzle, (e) drying the atomized mist within the spray-dryer chamber at a temperature sufficient to dry the polymer; and (f) recovering the dried polymer as a water-dispersible or water-soluble powder.