Abstract: A current measurement system includes a magnetic core having an inside area through which a conductor carrying current to be measured extends. A measurement winding is wound on the magnetic core. A voltage source couples to the measurement winding to generate current through the measurement winding. A gap of low permeability material is disposed in the magnetic core. A sensing device is positioned in the gap, wherein the sensing device generates a control signal having one of a first state and a second state based on a strength and a direction of a magnetic field in the gap.

Abstract: In order to make accurate predictions on whether or not a power grid is stable, it is desirable to know the frequency and phase of at least each “control area” in the power grid. Each control area will ideally have power generation matched with its load. Rather than measure thousands of data points at low resolution in order to calculate potential grid instabilities, one may make few highly accurate measurements at low voltage to predict frequency and phase of high voltage transmission lines. Predicted data at the transmission points can then be used to calculate the relative stability of the power grid. The method includes the use of non-linear Luenberger observers and Kalman filters. The method can also be used to compute “Virtual measurements” for any component in the connected grid based on lower cost or easier to obtain measurement at other points on network. This method applies to any connected network of components.

Abstract: The present invention provides, a pulse generator, which is configured so as to generate pulses with a predetermined pulse width, comprises: multiple pulsers each of which is configured so as to adjust the pulse width of input pulses, and so as to output pulses with a predetermined pulse width thus adjusted, and which are connected in series; multiple signal acquisition units which are provided corresponding to the multiple pulsers, and each of which allows the pulses output from a corresponding one of the pulsers to be acquired at a position immediately after the output terminal of the corresponding pulser; a selection unit which allows the pulses acquired by one of the multiple signal acquisition units to be selected; a feedback path for inputting the pulses thus selected by the selection unit to the first pulser of the multiple pulsers; and a measurement unit for measuring the pulse width of the pulses thus selected by the selection unit based upon the loop cycle time of the pulse selected by the selection

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for reducing electromagnetic noise pick up in a Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analyzer (LiMCA), used to detect and measure particles in molten metal. An first electrode inserted in the molten metal is electrically insulated from second and third electrodes, also inserted in the molten metal. Molten metal and particles pass between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes through a passage in the electrical insulation. The second and third electrodes have a configuration with respect to the first electrode sufficient to establish symmetrical current loops between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes when a current is supplied to the second and third electrodes. The current is supplied from an ultra-capacitor. Electromagnetic noise in the symmetrical current loops is detected and is added in opposition to reduce the amplitude of the electromagnetic noise.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor and method for measuring the motion of an intermediate member and a method for making the MEMS sensor. The MEMS sensor includes a substrate, a lower magnetic member disposed on the substrate, a layer disposed over the substrate, an upper magnetic member disposed at a side of the layer facing the lower magnetic member, an intermediate magnetic member magnetically levitated between the lower magnetic member and upper magnetic member; and a component measuring at least one of motion, forces acting on, and a displacement of the intermediate magnetic member.

Abstract: A shield arrangement for a vacuum measuring cell has a tubular shield housing encompassing a shield and an exit port for connection to a vacuum measuring cell and a connection opening for the object space to be measured. The shield is between the two openings and is implemented as a screw shield with spiral convolutions, its thread flange in the outer diameter being in contact on the inner wall of the shield housing such that a gas throughflow between the outer diameter of the thread flange and the inner wall is inhibited and is substantially forced into the spiral thread flight, and the exit port is on one side of the tubular section and the connection opening is on the other, opposite side and the screw shield is implemented such that in the axial line of vision the shield arrangement between the two openings is optically tight.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting the material of a surface of flat objects on a stack, in particular of objects individually separated from one another in the stack by interlayers, preferably of printing plates. The object is to reliably detect the material of the surface of the object that was taken from the stack before it is provided for further processing. The object is achieved by a sensor apparatus that carries out a measurement of the electrical resistance in the region of the object surface to be determined. For this purpose, contact is made between the surface and sensor electrodes, and a measuring current is conducted through the surface. On the basis of the current intensity determined, a distinction is made as to the material of which the object surface is formed.

Abstract: A wiring test structure includes a plurality of wiring traces configured in an interleaving spiral pattern. At least one of the plurality of wiring traces configured for open circuit testing therein, and at least a pair of the plurality of wiring traces is configured for short circuit testing therebetween.