Abstract: Disclosed is an in-situ preparation method for a catalyst for Reaction I: methanol and/or dimethyl ether with toluene are used to prepare light olefins and co-produce para-xylene and/or Reaction II: methanol and/or dimethyl ether with benzene are used to prepare at least one of toluene, para-xylene and light olefins, comprising: contacting at least one of a phosphorus reagent, a silylation reagent and water vapor with a molecular sieve in a reactor to prepare, in situ, the catalyst for the Reaction I and/or the Reaction II, wherein the reactor is a reactor of the Reaction I and/or the Reaction II. By directly preparing a catalyst in a reaction system, the entire chemical production process is simplified, the catalyst preparation and transfer steps are saved, and the operation thereof is easy. The catalyst prepared in situ can be directly used for in situ reactions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a process to convert a feed includes introducing a feed to an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization reactor to form a first reactor effluent; introducing the first reactor effluent to a distillation unit to form a first distillation effluent and a second distillation effluent, the second distillation effluent comprising an oligomer of isobutylene; and introducing the second distillation effluent to a cracking reactor to form a cracking reactor effluent comprising a high purity isobutylene. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a feed line coupled to a first end of an oligomerization reactor; a first distillation unit coupled with a second end of the oligomerization reactor; a first end of a cracking reactor coupled to a second end of the first distillation unit via a first line; a first end of an isomerization reactor coupled to: a third end of the first distillation unit and the feed line.

Abstract: A method for producing butenes by the dehydrogenation of n-butane includes dehydrogenating the n-butane in a dehydrogenation zone and contacting material from the dehydrogenation zone with a solvent that is more selective to dissolve n-butane than butenes. The resulting fluid from the contacting is subjected to extractive distillation to produce (1) a stream comprising a solution of the n-butane and solvent and (2) a stream comprising the butenes.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

Abstract: Shippable modular units configured for use in sequestering CO2 are provided. Aspects of the units include a support having one or more of: a CO2 gas/liquid contactor subunit, a carbonate production subunit and an alkali enrichment subunit; associated therewith. Also provided are systems made up of one or more such modular units, and methods for using the units/systems in CO2 sequestration protocols.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon including introducing a hydrocarbon feed comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrogen feed comprising hydrogen, and a hydrogenation catalyst into a hydrogenation reactor operable with a liquid phase and a gas phase to produce a hydrogenation product; removing a gas phase product stream comprising the hydrogenation product; withdrawing a portion of the liquid phase; subjecting the withdrawn portion to heat exchange to provide a reduced-temperature withdrawn portion; introducing the reduced-temperature withdrawn portion back into the hydrogenation reactor; and at least one of: (a) providing at least two heat exchangers to effect the subjecting of the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase to heat exchange; (b) separating a decomposition product of the hydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst, or both, from the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase prior to the heat exchange; and (c) reducing exposure of the hydrogenation catalyst to an oxygen-co

Abstract: Metals, such as mercury, may be removed from aqueous, hydrocarbon, or mixed oilfield or refinery fluids by: applying a sulfur compound having the general formula HS-X, wherein X is a heteroatom substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and/or alkylaryl group either alone or in combination with or as a blend with at least one demulsifier, a buffering agent, a pour point depressant, and/or a water clarifier to chelate the at least one metal and form a chelate complex of the sulfur compound with the at least one metal and then separating the chelate complex from the fluid.

Abstract: An advanced regulatory controller for a converter of a catalytic olefins unit is disclosed. A Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) type converter (i.e., reactor-regenerator) is combined with an ethylene style cold-end for product recovery. The regulatory controller operates using an Advanced Regulatory Control (ARC) application using variables, such as a controlled variable, four disturbance variables, associated variable, and a manipulated variable. The ARC application manipulates fuel oil or tail gas flow to a regenerator in response to an expected future steady state value of a regenerator bed temperature resulting from changes in the values of a selected set of the variables.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and systems for performing a swing adsorption process. This swing adsorption process may involve passing an input feed stream through two swing adsorption systems as a purge stream to remove contaminants, such as water, from the respective adsorbent bed units. The wet purge product stream is passed to a solvent based gas treating system, which forms a wet hydrocarbon rich stream and a wet acid gas stream. Then, the wet hydrocarbon rich stream and the wet acid gas stream are passed through one of the respective swing adsorption systems to remove some of the moisture from the respective wet streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a degasser manifold and a vent manifold for use with a degasser in a dialysis system. The degasser manifold and vent manifold include a plurality of fluid passageways that convey dialysate or gases into and out of the degasser. The degasser manifold and vent manifold can also include components such as valves and sensors for control over the degassing of dialysate.

Abstract: Processes for co-processing a naphtha stream with a light cycle oil stream are disclosed. The processes include hydrocracking the light cycle oil stream under hydrocracking conditions to provide a hydrocracked effluent stream. A naphtha stream is hydrotreated under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrotreated effluent stream. The hydrocracked effluent stream and the hydrotreated effluent stream may be passed to a stripping column to recover a stripping bottom stream. The stripping bottom stream may be passed to a main fractionation column to recover an intermediate naphtha stream.

Abstract: A process for cracking an olefinic feed comprising diolefins and monoolefins is provided. The process comprises selectively hydrogenating the olefinic feed in a hydrogenation reactor to convert the diolefins to monoolefins to provide a hydrogenated effluent stream. The hydrogenated effluent stream is vaporized to provide a vaporized hydrogenated effluent stream. The vaporized hydrogenated effluent stream is passed to an olefin cracking reactor to provide a cracked olefin stream comprising C2 and C3 olefins. The cracked olefin stream is passed to a recycle column to provide one of an overhead vapor stream comprising C5? hydrocarbons or a side draw vapor stream comprising C6+. At least a portion of the overhead vapor stream or the side draw vapor stream is recycled to the olefin cracking reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion, to equipment and materials useful for hydrocarbon conversion, and to processes for carrying out hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., hydrocarbon pyrolysis processes. The hydrocarbon conversion is carried out in a reactor which includes at least one channeled member that comprises refractory and has an open frontal area?55%. The refractory can include non-oxide ceramic.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene from ethylene and butylene using a process that integrates a methanol to propylene (MTP) system or a methanol to olefin (MTO) system with a metathesis reaction system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting an alkane to an olefin. In one embodiment, the process involves oxidative coupling of an alkane, e.g., methane, with an oxidant, such as air, to produce an olefin having twice the number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. In another embodiment, the process involves oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane, e.g., ethane, with an oxidant to form an olefin having the same number of carbon atoms as the alkane, e.g., ethylene. The process involves passing a flow of the oxidant from a first flow passage through a porous medium; diffusing a flow of the alkane from a second flow passage into the porous medium; and contacting the reactant alkane and the oxidant in the presence of a catalyst within the porous medium to produce the olefin.

Abstract: One or more embodiments presently disclosed is directed to a method for reacting a chemical stream which may include contacting the chemical stream with a catalyst to produce a product stream. The catalyst may include alumina, silica, and a catalytically active compound such as tungsten.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

Abstract: A continuous reflux reactor and controlled condenser system for thermochemical treatment of plastic and/or elastomeric waste has five zones with different complements. The zones comprises the bottom zone, pyrolysis zone, meeting zone, reflux zone and extraction zone. The reactor uses a reflux zone to increase the production of a light oil in the process. The reflux zone is equipped with some studded tubes that enhances the contact area. Cold molten salt is used as the cooling element of this step. The pyrolysis zone, where the material will be pyrolyzed, has the differential of being equipped with molten salt coils using hot molten salt as the heating element. After the material passes to all zones, the material goes to a cyclone that will condense heavier hydrocarbons present in this step and send the light hydrocarbons to the condensers.

Abstract: A feed fluid mixture including at least one condensable component and at least one non-condensable component is separated into a gaseous permeate and an at least partially liquid retentate with a gas separation membrane through simultaneous condensation of at least one of said at least one condensable component on a retentate side of the membrane and permeation of at least one of said at least one non-condensable component through the membrane.