Abstract: An array substrate for a transflective liquid crystal display device includes: a substrate; a gate line and a data line on the substrate, the gate line and the data line crossing each other to define a pixel region including a transmissive area and a reflective area surrounding the transmissive area; a thin film transistor having a gate insulating layer, the thin film transistor electrically connected to the gate line and the data line; a first passivation layer having a drain contact hole exposing a drain electrode of the thin film transistor and a through hole exposing the substrate in the transmissive area; a pixel electrode on the first passivation layer, the pixel electrode contacting the substrate in the transmissive area through the through hole; and a reflective plate on the pixel electrode, the reflective plate being electrically connected to the drain electrode through the drain contact hole and to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: An optical fiber that includes a core containing a first concentration of germanium, an inner cladding arranged on the core, the inner cladding containing a second concentration of germanium and having a first diffusion coefficient, and an outer cladding arranged on the inner cladding, the outer cladding having a second diffusion coefficient, where the first diffusion coefficient is larger than the second diffusion coefficient, and where the first concentration of germanium is about 200% or more of the second concentration of germanium. An optical fiber constructed in this manner can be spliced with an optical fiber having a different MFD, such as a single-mode optical fiber or an erbium-doped optical fiber, with low splice loss and a sufficient splicing strength.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a display region and a first non-display region, the first non-display region being disposed at a boundary of the display region. A second substrate faces and is spaced apart from the first substrate, the second substrate including a second non-display region corresponding to a portion larger than the first substrate. A light absorption layer is on an inner surface of the first substrate. A cholesteric liquid crystal color filter (CCF) layer is at the display region and the first non-display region is on the light absorption layer. A common electrode is on the CCF layer. An array element is on an inner surface of the second substrate. A light shielding pattern is on the array element, the light shielding pattern corresponding to the CCF layer at the first non-display region. A retardation plate and a polarizing plate are sequentially formed on the outer surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dual display LCD device including: a front light unit supplying light; a first polarizer on the front light unit; an LCD panel on the first polarizer; a selective reflection/transmission part on the LCD panel; and a second polarizer on the selective reflection/transmission part; wherein the selective reflection/transmission part selectively reflects the light in a reflection mode to display an image on a front side thereof in a first display mode; and wherein the selective reflection/transmission part passes the light in a transmission mode to display an image on a rear side thereof in a second display mode.

Abstract: A light source element is employed back-lighting of liquid crystal displays and that comprises an obliquely placed light exit face and/or light entry face. At its surfaces, the light waveguide is surrounded by reflectors into which suitable aperture regions are potentially formed. A plurality of light sources and/or a more direct view is provided and, thus, a corresponding increase of the luminance results. A method is also provided for the manufacture of a light source element with an integrated reflector.

Abstract: A light source element is employed back-lighting of liquid crystal displays and that comprises an obliquely placed light exit face and/or light entry face. At its surfaces, the light waveguide is surrounded by reflectors into which suitable aperture regions are potentially formed. A plurality of light sources and/or a more direct view is provided and, thus, a corresponding increase of the luminance results. A method is also provided for the manufacture of a light source element with an integrated reflector.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid crystal display includes: a line-shaped fine groove formed on the substrate; and a metal line at least formed within the fine groove. The substrate enables a decrease in the height difference between the metal line and the surface of the substrate, thereby enhancing reliability in manufacturing the liquid crystal display. In addition, the aperture ratio of the pixel is enhanced, brightness is enhanced, and high resolution is realized.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a substrate made of a material which has an electro-optic effect and a pyroelectric effect. In the substrate, an optical waveguide is formed to have at least a pair of optical paths. On the substrate and on the optical waveguide, a transparent buffer layer is formed to cover the optical waveguide. On the buffer layer, first and second electrodes are formed so that the first and the second electrodes are arranged to cause refractive index changes in the pair of optical paths in response to electrical fields surrounding the electro-optic modulator. The buffer layer is a mutual diffusion layer. The mutual diffusion layer is made from laminated films having at least one transparent insulator film and at least one transparent conductor film but has no clear boundary between the transparent insulator film and the transparent conductor film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal dispensing apparatus includes a liquid crystal dispensing means and a nozzle cleaning means. The liquid crystal dispensing means includes a liquid crystal container for containing liquid crystal material and a nozzle through which the liquid crystal material may be dispensed on a substrate. The nozzle cleaning means is arranged around the nozzle and removes liquid crystal residue accumulated on a surface of the nozzle, moves to a lower portion of the nozzle to suck and remove the liquid crystal residue after liquid crystal material is dispensed by the liquid crystal dispensing means a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: To make it difficult to view streak unevenness in alignment generated at the boundary of alignment layers even when an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate several times to form an alignment layer. When an alignment-layer material is applied onto a color-filter substrate 1 having color filters (R, G, and B) on the surface with a droplet discharge head 3 to form an alignment-layer train 4a, the lateral front end L1 of the train 4a is formed on the color filter (B) displaying blue. When the alignment-layer material is then applied to the following alignment-layer application train to form an alignment-layer train 4b, the lateral rear end L2 of the train 4b is overlapped with the lateral front end L1 of the preceding alignment-layer train 4a to form an overlapped portion 4c.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device of an IPS system, to realize reduction of manufacturing cost and improvement of yield by decreasing the number of steps for manufacturing a TFT. A channel etch type bottom gate TFT structure, where patterning of a source region and a drain region and patterning of a source wiring and a pixel electrode are carried out by the same photomask.

Abstract: A structure for mounting a display housing to a monitor stand of a monitor having a flat display, the display housing for the flat display, and a stand bracket for holding the display housing, includes fastening members at the stand bracket, and coupling members fixed to a rear case of the flat display in correspondence to the fastening members, wherein the fastening members are directly fastened to the coupling members respectively, to mount the display housing to the stand bracket.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed type liquid crystal display apparatus having switching devices such as TFTs is provided, featuring that an increased effective voltage can be applied without causing hysteresis in V-T characteristics. Namely, by substantially increasing a value of an applicable voltage in excess of which a display defect starts to appear, a high numerical aperture and a high contrast ratio have been achieved at the same time. In the LCD apparatus of the present invention, a gap between adjacent reverse tilt domains each formed in a portion of a pixel which is arranged corresponding to an arbitrary pixel electrode becomes broader than a minimum gap between adjacent pixel electrodes corresponding thereto, or a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion between adjacent reverse tilt domains is set thinner than a thickness of a liquid crystal cell in the portion of the pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can obtain a high image quality display by suppressing the fluctuation of a pixel voltage. Along a large number of drain lines which are driven in a time-division manner, a portion of gate line is extended and an additional capacitance is formed by an extending portion of the gate line which has fixed potential and the drain line.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate is provided with a gate line assembly, a data line assembly, and thin film transistors. The data line assembly crosses over the gate line assembly while defining pixel regions. A pixel electrode is formed at each pixel region. A color filter substrate is provided with a black matrix, and color filters of red, green and blue are formed at the black matrix at the pixel regions. An overcoat layer covers the color filters, and a common electrode is formed on the overcoat layer with an opening pattern. The thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrates face each other, and a liquid crystal material is injected between the thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrate. The blue color filter has a thickness smaller than the red color filter or the green color filter such that the liquid crystal cell gap at the blue color filter is larger than the liquid crystal cell gap at the red or green color filter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device 1 includes a transparent first substrate 10 having first transparent electrodes 11 on the surface thereof, a transparent second substrate 20 having second transparent electrodes 21, and a liquid crystal layer 50. Pixel regions 3 have a light-reflecting layer 4 defining reflective display regions 31 and transmissive display regions 32. A thickness-adjusting layer 6 having opening 61 defining the transmissive display regions 32 is formed on the light-reflecting layer 4. The thickness-adjusting layer 6 forms slopes 60 at the boundaries between the reflective display regions 31 and the transmissive display regions 32. The top edges 65 of the slopes are aligned with the edges 45 of the light-reflecting layer 4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate (1) made of a transparent material, provided with signal electrodes and/or display electrodes (9) formed on one face thereof; a second substrate (2) made of a transparent material, provided with opposed electrodes (12) formed thereon; and liquid crystal sealed in-between the first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2) oppositely disposed opposite to each other with a predetermined gap interposed therebetween such that each of the signal electrodes or the display electrodes (9) face each of the opposed electrodes (12) so as to form a pixel. Further, a white diffusing film (22) and a reflector (25) are disposed in that order from of the first substrate (1) side on the second substrate (2).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided that comprises a gate line; a first insulating film on the gate line; a data line crossing the gate line to define a pixel region, the pixel region having a transmissive area and a reflective area; a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line; a pixel electrode formed in the pixel region; a second insulating film on the thin film transistor; a storage capacitor including a storage upper electrode overlapping the gate line; a transmission hole exposing at least a portion of the pixel electrode, and a reflective electrode formed in the reflective area of the pixel region, the reflective electrode connecting the pixel electrode with thin film transistor and the storage upper electrode, wherein the gate line and the pixel electrode include a first transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided that includes: first and second substrates; a gate line of a double layer having a first transparent conductive layer and a second opaque conductive layer on the first substrate; a first insulation film on the gate line; a data line crossing the gate line to define a pixel region, the pixel region having a transmissive area and a reflective area; a thin film transistor connected to the gate and data lines; a pixel electrode having the first conductive layer in the pixel region and a second conductive layer along the boundary of the first conductive layer; a storage upper electrode to form a storage capacitor by overlapping with the gate line the first insulation film there between; a transmission hole to expose the side of the storage upper electrode and a drain electrode of the thin film transistor by passing through the first insulation film and a second insulation film on the thin film transistor; a reflective electrode connected the second conductive layer of th

Abstract: An IPS-LCD device includes first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal interposed therebetween. The first substrate includes common and pixel electrodes that are formed of a transparent conductive material. Because the common and pixel electrodes are transparent, aperture ratios of the inventive IPS-LCD device are increased. Furthermore, the first substrate includes an organic material in order to insulate the common electrodes against a data lines. Due to the low dielectric constant of the organic material, the common electrodes and the data lines can be closer with low effect of cross talk, thereby increasing the aperture ratios of the inventive IPS-LCD device. Accordingly, the brightness of the inventive IPS-LCD device is improved.