Abstract: In a liquid crystal display element comprising at least one substrate and a liquid crystal layer, a different orientation direction area of an orientation direction locally different from an orientation direction of the other area is present.

Abstract: The present invention solves a first problem, that the damage of the TFTs on the LCD panel of the tiling panel due to the ESD during the rubbing operation and other process, and a second problem that various kinds of lower glass substrate 1 and various kinds of upper glass substrate 2 are required to provide the tiling panel.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first liquid crystal display layer having a first liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal molecule, a p-type dichroic dye and a polymer; a reflecting polarizer disposed to transmit linearly polarized light having a polarization direction in a transmitted axis direction of the first liquid crystal display layer; and the second liquid crystal display layer including a polarizer disposed to transmit the linearly polarized light transmitted through the first liquid crystal display layer and reflecting polarizer, a second liquid crystal layer capable of bright/dark display depending on presence or absence of an applied voltage, and a reflector, wherein the first liquid crystal display layer, reflecting polarizer and second liquid crystal display layer are stacked in this order from the side light is incident from, thus providing a reflection-type liquid crystal display device with desirable display quality, capable of bright and high-contrast displ

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display panel comprising first and second substrates which are spaced from each other at a predetermined gap, and liquid crystal sealed in the gap between the pair of first and second substrates, the panel gap between the first and second substrates is controlled by two kinds of gap control materials dispersed in a seal material on the outer periphery of said panel. The two kinds of gap control materials consist of a first gap control material of particles softer than an insulating film (back film) and wires disposed on the first substrate, and a second gap control material of particles harder than the insulating film (back film) and the wires disposed on the first substrate, and the maximum particle diameter in consideration of the standard deviation of the first gap control material is set to be larger than the maximum particle diameter in consideration of the standard deviation of the second gap control material.

Abstract: The reflective liquid crystal display device uses only one polarizing film but achieves display of bright white and achromatic color with high contrast. The twisting angle of a nematic liquid crystal is set to 45° to 90°, and the retardation value of a liquid crystal layer is set to &Dgr;nLC·dLC=0.20 &mgr;m to 0.30 &mgr;m. Two retardation films are configured with a structural component having small chromatic dispersion in refractive index anisotropy and a z coefficient from 03 to 1.0. Retardation values of these two retardation films are set to RF1=0.23 &mgr;m to 0.28 &mgr;m, and RF2=0.13 &mgr;m to 0.18 &mgr;m. When the angle of an absorption axis direction of the polarizing film is denoted by &phgr;P, and the angles of retardation axes directions of the two retardation films are denoted by &phgr;F1 and &phgr;F2, a set of Formulae &phgr;P=75°-195°, &phgr;P-&phgr;F1=95°-115°, and &phgr;P-&phgr;F2=155°-175° are satisfied.