Abstract: A SONET/SDH frame providing for an optimized management of K1 and K2 bytes of protection protocol and providing for the management of a number of nodes higher than sixteen, which is the highest number which is provided for at the present time. In practice, the bits of a third byte (K0) of Multiplex Section OverHead are used in such a way that at least one of them represents a Source Node IDentification Extension bit, at least one of them represents a Destination Node IDentification Extension bit and at least one bit of those remaining indicates a change of the information in said first, second or third bytes (K1, K2, K0). In this way, the nodes which can be managed can be even 128 and the switching rate could be highly increased.

Abstract: In a mobile communications system, a mobile host communicates packet data with an external network by way of a packet gateway node. The mobile host establishes a packet session during which plural application flows are communicated with an external network entity. Each application flow includes a corresponding stream of packets. In addition, a corresponding quality of service parameter is defined and reserved for each of the plural application flows. In this way, different quality of service parameters may be defined and reserved for different ones of the application flows. Packets corresponding to each of the application flows are then delivered, for example, from the external network entity all the way to the mobile host in accordance with the quality of service reserved for that application flow. Different qualities of service may have different allocated bandwidths, delays, and/or reliabilities.

Abstract: A method for virtual end nodes indicates in routing information (51) that the data packet is for a “special access” to an end node with a virtual address (60). An RF network device then inserts the identity of the physical end node (virtual address) into user information (62). If an access point (14) determines that the user information is for the virtual address (66), then all virtual end nodes 41-43 receive the data packet and analyze the virtual end node identity from the user information (68).

Abstract: In a data multiplexing apparatus, a single external memory stores different kinds of transfer data. A header cache memory stores the system header and the header data, and a plurality of data cache memories stores the transfer data. The cache memories are connected via an internal bus to the external memory. A data input circuit sequentially fetches the transfer data from the external memory on a time division basis, so that the transfer data is stored in one of the data cache memories. Also, a system clock signal generation circuit constantly generates a system clock signal indicating the current time. A selector circuit sequentially selects the cache memories and generates a system stream formed by the system header, the header data and the transfer data. In this case, the selector circuit further selects the system clock generation circuit to input the system clock signal to a predetermined position of the system header.

Abstract: A host computer communicatively linked with a virtual circuit network and communicatively linked with a device over a local area network receives a virtual circuit message from the virtual circuit network, such as an asynchronous transfer mode network. A data structure associating a virtual circuit of the virtual circuit network with the device is referenced, and based on the association, the virtual circuit message is passed to the device over the local area network. The data structure may be a table containing an entry associating the virtual circuit with the device or with the network address of the device.

Abstract: In a TDMA/TDD communication system, uplink RF bursts are received by a number of antennas. Each RF burst contains TDMA signals identified by mobile-terminal identifiers. From each RF burst, the strength of the TDMA signals are detected and compared with the strengths of other RF bursts. For each mobile-terminal identifier, one antenna is selected as a best antenna with the highest strength, and a unique relationship is established in a memory between the selected antenna and the mobile-terminal identifier. A downlink TDM signal is disassembled into time slot signals, which are assembled, according to the relationships established in the memory, into N multicast burst groups. N is equal to the number of antennas selected during the uplink interval. An overhead is inserted to a header portion of each burst group. Overhead-inserted burst groups are converted into RF bursts during a downlink interval of the frame and are transmitted.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, article of manufacture, and a memory structure communicating information, particularly information transferred to and from an Internet host. The apparatus comprises a radio port control unit, comprising a router, and a stub. The router is communicatively coupled to transmit and receive messages with an Internet host and communicatively coupled to a packet forwarding module to accept SU-sourced messages and to provide SU-addressed messages to the packet forwarding module in a first data transfer protocol. The stub is coupled between the router and the packet forwarding module to translate messages from the first data transfer protocol to a second data transfer protocol and to translate messages from the second data transfer protocol to the first data transfer protocol.

Abstract: A network including a host device and a plurality of transceiver beacons for communicating data from terminal devices interacting with the beacons, to the host. The beacons include identification codes used by the host for establishing wireless communication links either between a beacon and the host, or between two or more beacons. A routing mechanism is included in the beacons for selecting a most favorable transmission path among available paths for communicating data to the host.

Abstract: Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) traffic is sent across a packet network. A SONET transmission is decoded into a data structure. The data structure is then converted into one or more packets and sent across the packet network.

Abstract: A system and method is designed for upgrading a digital PBX used with a pulse code modulation (PCM) telephone system by providing an interface card connected to the back plane of the PBX. The interface card acts as a replacement for the digital key set cards normally used with the back plane of such a PBX. The interface card is designed with circuitry to process voice-encoded packet data directly from a LAN to the PCM data used within the PBX network, and to process PCM data from the telephone network to voice coded packet data on the LAN to provide a voice-over Internet protocol and interface with the telephone system connected with and controlled by the PBX.

Abstract: A network architecture includes a switch that can examine and selectively forward packets or frames based on information encapsulated in layer-2 information in the protocol stack. The switch segregates upstream traffic by data type and aggregates downstream Internet traffic with traffic from a local vertical services domain. The network architecture provides an efficiency way to insert vertical services.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for smoothing the rate of packet discards for random early detection (“RED”) in a communication device such as an ATM switch is described. The ATM switch includes a plurality of class of service queues. An accumulated discard probability is stored independently for each class of service queue. With the arrival of each packet (frame), an instantaneous discard probability is calculated. The sum of the instantaneous discard probability and the accumulated discard probability becomes the effective probability for discard. If the effective discard probability is greater than (or equal to) a random number, the cell is discarded, and the accumulated discard probability is cleared. Otherwise, the sum is stored back as the new value for the accumulated discard probability. The accumulated discard probability may optionally be cleared if a class of service queue's current cell count is zero.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for an ATM network for implementing a fair servicing of all connections during a back-logged condition through the use of a weighted fair queuing technique. The system is particularly suited for systems where the packets/cells are of a fixed size. Although some important approximations are made in the proposed implementation, all of the properties of an ideal weighted fair queuing algorithm are preserved. The sorting methods and apparatus are advantageous in that it is possible to maintain appropriate servicing of connections without sorting all of the individual connections. This may be accomplished by pre-sorting each of the individual virtual circuit connections into a finite number of predetermined bins according to a weight associated with the connection. Thereafter, only the bins need be sorted without having to sort each of the individual connections.

Abstract: Data transmission/reception apparatus according to the present invention MPEG-2 based transmits/receives input data including; at least MPEG-2 based video data and audio data in a low bit rate and in a low error occurrence rate. The data transmission apparatus is comprised of: a division circuit (30) which separates the input data into video, audio, and user data; FIFO circuits (31 to 33); a combination circuit (35); a PES private data attachment circuit 36; a PTS generation/attachment circuit (37); a PES header attachment circuit (39); and a transport header attachment circuit (40). On the other hand, the data reception apparatus is comprised of: a transport header separation circuit (51); a PES header separation circuit (52); a PTS detection circuit (53); a PES private data separation circuit, a distribution circuit (55); FIFO circuits (56 to 58); a FIFO control circuit; and a combination circuit (60).

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for communicating between a host and an agent. The method includes the step of performing a first transaction between a host controller and a hub. The hub is operable to perform a single transaction with an agent based on the first transaction. The method then includes the step of performing a second transaction between the host controller and the hub. The second transaction is based on the single transaction.

Abstract: A gateway for an internet telephone system manages calls to and from personal computers and enables the personal computers to use the internet telephone system with an IP address assigned by a DHCP server or a private IP address. The gateway has a LAN receiver for processing an incoming call from the Internet or a personal computer, a line transmitter for processing an outgoing call to a telephone according to a request from the LAN receiver, a line receiver for processing an incoming call from a telephone, a LAN transmitter for processing an outgoing call to the Internet or a personal computer according to a request from the line receiver, and a logger for logging information about calls according to requests from the LAN transmitter and line transmitter.

Abstract: A method a system of identifying and determining degradation of the quality of service (QoS) perceived by a subscriber in a network such as the Internet. Traffic of individual applications of the subscriber and aggregate traffic of a subscriber are monitored, captured, and processed to produce QoS statistics. End-to-end QoS metrics are provided for TCP connections based on the observation of packet flows at a single monitoring point. The QoS metrics include, for example, packet loss internally and externally to the monitoring point, detection of stalled periods and estimation of path delay.

Abstract: A method or system or apparatus provides improved digital communication. In one aspect, flow control in performed by receiving status preprended to data units in a combined data channel, where the status data indicated the available status of a number of far end receiving channels. Thus data may be sent only to available receiving channels. In a further aspect, a frequency reference may also be transmitted by including data in data units in a combined channel. In a further aspect, an active channel can be selected among two redundant channels by use of an active bit in said data units. The invention has particular applications to ATM-type communication systems and may also be used in other communication systems.

Abstract: A packet switching network system for use in transferring information that is in the form of packets and including an originating device and a destination device for communicating therebetween through a packet switching network, the originating device including a sending device having a first buffer with a predetermined first buffer size, the first buffer being used to store information that is to be sent to the destination unit, the sending device for sending a request packet including the first buffer size, through the packet switching network, to the destination device, the destination device including a receiving device having a second buffer with a predetermined second buffer size, the second buffer being used for storing information that is received from the originating device, the receiving device for receiving a request packet including the first buffer size from the originating device, determining whether or not the received first buffer size is supported by the destination device, and accordingly se

Abstract: A host device logs in a printer as a print data transfer destination to acquire type information of the printer and issues SB_CONT.req to determine whether a cycle master necessary for isochronous transfer is present on a serial bus. The print data transfer mode and transfer parameter are set in accordance with the presence/absence of the cycle master and the acquired type information. If the cycle master is present on the serial bus, isochronous transfer is set as the transfer mode; otherwise, asynchronous transfer is set as the transfer mode. Therefore, even when devices without any cycle master function are connected, or no cycle master is present on the bus, print data can be transferred from the host device to the printer.