Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for determining orientation of a capsule endoscope. An external magnetic field is provided outside the capsule endoscope, and an internal magnetic field is provided inside the capsule endoscope. Magnetic field data is obtained according to the external magnetic field and the internal magnetic field, and acceleration data of the capsule endoscope is obtained. When the polarization direction of the external magnetic field is horizontal, the orientation information of the capsule endoscope is obtained according to the acceleration data. When the polarization direction of the external magnetic field is non-horizontal, the orientation information of the capsule endoscope is obtained according to the acceleration data and the magnetic field data.

Abstract: Performing a built-in self-test (BIST) on a memory macro includes generating a plurality of input vectors such that at least one input vector of the plurality of input vectors is transmitted to the memory macro in each of a plurality of cycles, receiving in each of the plurality of cycles, an output data from the memory macro. The output data is generated by the memory macro in response to processing the at least one input vector. The BIST also includes comparing the output data in each of the plurality of cycles with a signature value and determining whether the memory macro is normal or faulty based upon the comparison.

Abstract: A tissue detection system and methods for use thereof are provided. The tissue detection system facilitates stimulating fluorescence via illumination in an area or areas of interest in the human body, detecting non-visible or not easily visible areas of interest subject to such stimulation, and identifying these areas of interest efficiently. The tissue detection system can employ a probe for facilitating illumination/stimulation of a tissue of interest, at least one emitter for generating radiation applied to the tissue of interest, and at least one detector for capturing radiation for the fluorescing tissues of interest.

Abstract: A trocar for insertion into an organ of a patient includes a cannula, a channel inside the cannula, and a camera. The cannula has a longitudinal axis, and the channel inside the cannula is fitted parallel to the longitudinal axis. The camera is disposed at a distal end of the channel and is configured to provide images in a direction of a distal opening of the cannula.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an integrated assembly having an insulative mass over a conductive base structure. A conductive interconnect extends through the insulative mass to an upper surface of the conductive base structure. The conductive interconnect includes a conductive liner extending around an outer lateral periphery of the interconnect. The conductive liner includes nitrogen in combination with a first metal. A container-shaped conductive structure is laterally surrounded by the conductive liner. The container-shaped conductive structure includes a second metal. A conductive plug is within the container-shaped conductive structure. Some embodiments include methods of forming conductive interconnects within integrated assemblies.

Abstract: A memory includes: an input circuit, configured to: receive an outside clock signal, and output a first test clock signal; a test path selection circuit, connected to the input circuit, and configured to output a second test clock signal according to a read clock command; and an output circuit, connected to the test path selection circuit, and configured to convert the second test clock signal into a third test clock signal and output the third test clock signal to outside of the memory. In the embodiments of the disclosure, a time delay of inputting a clock signal into each chip under test is quantified, to acquire an actual output delay of the chip, thereby improving the accuracy of parallel tests of a plurality of chips.

Abstract: A memory cell comprises first, second, third, and fourth transistors individually comprising a transistor gate. First and second ferroelectric capacitors individually have one capacitor electrode elevationally between the transistor gates of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors. Other memory cells are disclosed, as are arrays of memory cells.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system according to one or more embodiments may include: an endoscope; a manipulator configured to support a surgical instrument; a remote control apparatus including a display device and an operation handle configured to operate the surgical instrument; and a control device configured to display, on the display device, a graphical user interface on an image captured by the endoscope. The graphical user interface includes: a first area that displays a first graphical display indicating a movable range of the manipulator and an operable range of the operation handle in the movable range of the manipulator; and a second area that displays a second graphical display indicating a required operation of the operation handle to return the operation handle to an inside of the operable range of the operation handle and/or to return the manipulator to an inside of the movable range of the manipulator.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device and a memory controller. The memory controller includes a core processor and a built-in self-repair (BISR) logic circuit. The core processor includes a register file with a plurality of register values corresponding to a plurality of repair commands. The BISR logic circuit receives at least one of the plurality of register values from the core processor and converts the at least one of the plurality of register values into at least one of the repair commands to output the least one of the repair commands to the memory device. The core processor transmits the at least one of the plurality of register values to the BISR logic circuit in response to a firmware instruction that is output from an external firmware coupled to the memory controller.

Abstract: A medical system and an operating method of a medical system are disclosed. The medical system can operate an endoscope to perform an operation task with respect to a site of interest of an organ of concern in response to input from an operator. The medical system includes a controller that can record a model of the organ of concern generated during preoperative planning, and record the names of a plurality of sites in the organ of concern, and corresponding regions or points in the model with respect to a first coordinate system. The controller receives the name of the site of interest, and the operation task; associates the first coordinate system of the model with a second coordinate system of a display space displayed by a display image; and operates the endoscope with respect to the site of interest on the basis of the operation task.

Abstract: A system and method for enhanced surgical navigation and graphical user interfaces associated therewith. The system includes a 3D endoscope and a computing device including a display for displaying the graphical user interfaces. The 3D endoscope includes a camera source and a scan source and is utilized to generate a 3D spatial map of a surgical site. A position of a surgical tool is detected in the 3D spatial map, a distance between the position of the surgical tool in the 3D spatial map and a location of an anatomy is detected, and a warning is generated when it is determined that the distance between the position of the surgical tool in the 3D spatial map and the location of the anatomy is equal to or not greater than a threshold minimum distance.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory module and a BIST logic circuit. The BIST logic circuit includes; a pattern generator configured to generate first main data including a first portion, an error correction code (ECC) encoder configured to generate first parity data based on the first main data, and a parity control circuit configured to generate mask data based on the first parity data and the first main data, and generate first substituted parity data based on the mask data and the first parity data, wherein a pattern of the first substituted parity data is the same as a pattern of the first portion of the first main data.

Abstract: Numerous examples for performing tuning of a page or a word of non-volatile memory cells in an analog neural memory are disclosed. In one example, a method comprises programming a word or page of non-volatile memory cells in an analog neural memory system; and identifying any fast bits in the word or page of non-volatile memory cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to, among other things, a method of managing a memory device. In some aspects, the method includes determining whether a first address for a page in a first memory region is mapped in a map table, setting a target address as a second address identified in the map table as being mapped to the first address, setting the target address as the first address, determining a number of bits that fail in each word of a plurality of first-layer error correction code (ECC) words for the target address, and adding the target address to the map table, writing-back contents from the target address to a repair address in the first memory region, and updating the map table by mapping the target address to the repair address.

Abstract: A memory system includes a non-volatile memory having a plurality of memory cells and a controller. The controller is configured to switch a mode for controlling an access operation to the non-volatile memory from a first mode to a second mode, in response to receiving from a host, a first command for instructing the controller to switch the mode from the first mode to the second mode. The access operation controlled according to the second mode improves data retention relative to the access operation controlled according to the first mode.

Abstract: An endoscope imaging system comprises a robotic controlled steerable catheter and an imaging device removably arranged in a tool channel of the catheter. One or more sensors or markers are configured to map a positional relation of the catheter with respect to an orientation of the imaging device. A controller drives the steerable catheter to manipulate the distal end thereof, while the imaging device acquires an image of a subject or sample. While the imaging device acquires the image, a processor calculates a change in positional relation of the catheter with respect to the orientation of the imaging device based on information provided by the one or more sensors or markers. An output unit provides an indication for remapping the orientation of the steerable catheter with respect to the orientation of the imaging device.

Abstract: An endoscope can comprise a proximal section, an insertion section extending longitudinally from the proximal section and comprising an elongate tubular body disposed along an insertion section longitudinal axis and a lumen extending through the elongate tubular body, and a distal section extending from the insertion section and comprising an elevator portion comprising an elevator configured to position and orient one or more endotherapy tools extending from the lumen, and a camera module comprising an illumination unit and an imaging unit. The camera module can be positioned longitudinally spaced apart from the elevator portion in an in-line configuration, such that the insertion tube longitudinal axis passes through the elevator portion and the camera module. The camera module can be user-detachable from the elevator portion. The camera module can be cleaned and sanitized for reuse and the insertion section can be disposable.

Abstract: A trocar for insertion into an organ of a patient includes a cannula, an obturator body, and two or more interchangeable obturator heads. The cannula has a longitudinal axis. The obturator body is configured to be inserted into the cannula. The two or more interchangeable obturator heads are each configured to be detachably fitted at a distal end of the obturator body.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a diagnosis and treatment integrated soft medical robot for gastrointestinal endoscopy, including a robot body, a camera, illumination devices, a flexible dielectric elastomer actuator, air cylinders, linear motors, a controller and external hoses. The robot body is a multichannel hose, and includes a central channel and circumferential channels, the central channel is configured to accommodate conducting wires and signal wires, the circumferential channels include at least three microfluid channels. The linear motors control fluid pressures in the microfluid channels by driving piston rods of the air cylinders so that the robot body steers through being driven by fluid. The camera performs real-time image acquisition. The controller controls the flexible dielectric elastomer actuator to capture a target. The disclosure realizes the real-time image acquisition on a digestive tract, particularly a lesion, and can integrally and fast complete diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: An endoscope control system for performing a bending operation in a disposable insertion endoscope, the endoscope control system including a control wheel connected to a wire drum for connection to a steering wire of the endoscope, whereby rotation of the control wheel controls the bending operation, and a multi-disc brake including a stack of at least three brake discs, wherein activation of the multi-disc brake changes the multi-disc brake from a released state to a braking state, a brake torque generated by the multi-disc brake in the braking state braking rotation of the control wheel, the brake torque in the released state being at least partially released.