Abstract: A specular interferometric modulator array is configured to be at least partially selectably reflective. As such, the array forms a mirror surface having the capability of displaying information to the user while simultaneously being used as a specular mirror. The displayed information may be based on information from an external source, may be programmable, and may be based on user input.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for monitoring the position of an eye during a laser ablation treatment of the eye is provided. The apparatus includes optic means (110) for directing an incident light beam (102) along an optical path (104) onto the external surface of the eye (35) so as to illuminate a region of said surface that includes a segment of the limbus of the eye, and for directing back along said optical path (104), a return beam (122) comprising light of said incident beam scattered by said surface region; beam separation means (125) for separating the return beam (122) from the incident beam (102). The apparatus also includes at least one detector (120), having one or more detector segments (120a, 120b), for detecting said return beam (122), said detector segment(s) (120a, 120b) recording first and second values for light scattered respectively by the sclera and iris in said illuminated region.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to cognitive stimulation apparatuses and systems, and methods of manufacturing the same. In certain exemplary implementations the invention provides an at least partially transparent, pliable gel having an optical property, such as brightness or color, and a circuit for delivering electromagnetic radiation to the gel to modify the optical property. Under certain conditions, modifying the optical property can stimulate a user's visual and other senses to help improve cognitive development and functionality.

Abstract: An electro-optical device, e.g., a suspended particle device (SPD) adapted for controlling the transmission of radiation wherein the device is provided with at least one layer of an overcoating adapted to enhance adhesion on at least a portion of a surface between a film serving as a light modulating element and electrode means for applying an electrical field to said film, wherein the overcoating is formed from a material comprising a member selected from the group consisting of (a) titanium dioxide (TiO2) alone and (b) a combination of SiOx and an inorganic material having an index of refraction at 589 nm greater than 1.54. A method of producing the device with the application of such overcoating is additionally described.

Abstract: Provided is a photochromic optical articleincluding: (a) an optical substrate; (b) a thermally reversible photochromic material; and (c) reversible thermochromic material capable of at least partially filtering UV/visible light at or below room temperature and becoming less capable of filtering UV/visible light at temperatures greater than room temperature.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a substrate; a plurality of scan lines disposed on the substrate, the scan lines extending in a first direction; a plurality of signal lines disposed on the substrate, the signal lines extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of transistors, each of which is electrically connected to corresponding one of the plurality of scan lines and corresponding one of the plurality of signal lines; an insulating layer that covers the plurality of scan lines, the plurality of signal lines, and the plurality of transistors; and a plurality of electrodes, each of which is electrically connected to corresponding one of the plurality of transistors. One opening is formed in the insulating layer for every electrode group, the electrode group being constituted by at least two adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes, and each of the plurality of electrodes is electrically connected to the corresponding one of the transistors through the opening.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device includes a first substrate on which a pixel electrode and another pixel electrode that is adjacent to the pixel electrode are formed, a second substrate on which a common electrode facing the pixel electrode and the another pixel electrode that is adjacent to the pixel electrode is formed, a plurality of electrophoretic elements that is sandwiched by the first substrate and the second substrate and has charged electrophoretic particles, and an adhesive agent layer that is disposed between the plurality of electrophoretic elements and the first substrate. A floating electrode that is electrically isolated is disposed between the pixel electrode and the another pixel electrode that is adjacent to the pixel electrode on the first substrate.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprising two substrates at least one of which is transparent, ribs for maintaining a distance between the substrates and display particles that are sealed between the substrates in a powder state, and displaying an image by generating an electric field between the substrates so that the display particles are moved, wherein of contact faces to the display particles in the gap between the substrates, at least the contact faces of ribs to the display particles have an arithmetic average roughness Ra in a range from 0.01 to 0.20 ?m and an average interval Sm of irregularities in a range from 0.5 to 2.5 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are a color electrophoretic display and a method of manufacturing the same. The color electrophoretic display includes: a plurality of lower electrodes arranged on a lower layer and disposed with a predetermined interval therebetween; a plurality of first to third photoresist chambers arranged on the plurality of lower electrodes; first to third electronic inks accommodated in the plurality of first to third photoresist chambers respectively, and discriminatively operating to an electric field to independently display red, green, and blue colors; and a plurality of upper electrodes disposed with a predetermined interval therebetween and facing the plurality of lower electrodes with the plurality of first to third photoresist chambers being held therebetween.

Abstract: Tools and techniques for vision testing alter refractive characteristics of rendered digital imagery and use feedback from a test subject to calculate information about errors in the subject's vision. Some embodiments produce a rendered digital image with vision-realistic rendering, present the test subject with the rendered digital image, accept input from the test subject and change the refractive sharpness of the rendered digital image in response to the input. Then they calculate refractive errors or other information about the test subject's vision based at least on: input from the test subject leading to a refractive sharpness change made during the changing step, and a refraction model which relates visual acuity to changes in the refractive sharpness of rendered digital imagery.

Abstract: A retinal scanning display device is disclosed which is configured to include: a light source emitting a light beam; a scanner scanning onto a viewer's retina the light beam emitted from the light source; a light exit at which the light beam scanned by the scanner exits the retinal scanning display device; and a pupil expanding element operable to expand an exit pupil of the retinal scanning display device. The pupil expanding element may be disposed at a position which is offset from an intermediate image plane occurring between the light source and the light exit, along and within an optical path defined between the light source and the light exit.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography apparatus and method for measuring refractive power of the human cornea is disclosed. The apparatus collects both the specularly reflected light from the anterior surface of the cornea and diffusely reflected light from the interior of the cornea. The combined refractive power of both surfaces of the cornea is determined.

Abstract: A micromirror device includes an elastic hinge for supporting a mirror on a substrate, and an address electrode for deflecting the mirror. The device further includes a protective layer and an oriented monolayer laid to cover a stopper also functioning as an address electrode provided below the mirror and between the mirror and the substrate.

Abstract: A spatial optical modulation array device includes regularly packed micro optical-electrical-mechanical pixels in a planner configuration on a semiconductor substrate, each pixel electrically actuated independently and thus operated optically in the binary modes, reflection and diffraction to incident illumination. Subject to the electrostatic contraction or compulsion driven by a pixel circuitry, the top metal reflector is placed accurately at the minimum or maximum spacing from the static bottom metal reflector in an odd or even integral multiple of a quarter wavelength within visual light spectrum, so that diffraction or reflection in destructive or constructive interference is achieved respectively and thus incident illumination modulated independently in closely binary modes at each micro optical-electrical-mechanical pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophoretic display (EPD) device capable of delaying or preventing a sealant from leaking down by forming a dam pattern prior to a sealing process using the sealant, and a method for fabricating the same. The EPD device comprises: gate lines and data lines crossing each other to define a pixel region, and formed on a lower substrate; a thin film transistor (TFT) electrically connected to the gate lines and the data lines; a passivation film covering the TFT; a pixel electrode electrically connected to the TFT; a display layer formed on the pixel electrode and the passivation film, and having an electrophoretic substance; a common electrode formed on an entire surface of the display layer; an upper substrate formed on the common electrode; a seal pattern formed on each outer circumferential surface of the lower substrate, the upper substrate, and the display layer; and a dam pattern formed on the lower substrate adjacent to the seal pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a display device using electrochromism and methods of driving the same. The display device may include an electrochromic device, a plurality of first electrodes electrically connected to upper electrodes of the electrochromic device, and a plurality of second electrodes electrically connected to lower electrodes of the electrochromic device. By short-circuiting the first electrode and the second electrode, a desired pixel changes to reveal a predetermined or given color.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrochromic element comprises providing a first substrate having first and second surfaces opposite one another and a first edge surface, providing a second substrate having third and fourth surfaces opposite one another and a second edge surface, wherein the third surfaces faces the second surface, and providing an electrochromic medium located between the first and second substrates, wherein the electrochromic medium has a light transmittance that is variable upon the application of electric field thereto.

Abstract: A light guide unit includes a light guide plate and a plurality of light-exiting protrusions. The light guide plate includes a light-entering surface, an upper surface connected to the light-entering surface and a lower surface facing the upper surface. The light-exiting protrusions protrude from the upper surface of the light guide plate to have a cylindrical shape in which a cross-section size thereof increases in a direction away from the upper surface of the light guide plate, the light-exiting protrusions being disposed in a light control area which is turned on or off by a microelectromechanical system shutter. Light guided by the light guide unit to the light control area exits through the light-exiting protrusions.

Abstract: A method and system for fabricating a light guide is disclosed. The method and system comprise providing a light guide element which includes a plurality of scattering elements located therein and adjusting at least a portion of the scattering elements to maintain their optical scattering character. The present invention provides a system and method for fabricating a front light technology that is inexpensive and can compete on a cost basis with LCD backlight technologies while maintaining reasonable performance.

Abstract: An article and method for screening vision are described that does not require verbal input from a test person or the test person to maintain a fixed position during the screening. The article includes an image capture device, at least one test light, a processing unit that includes an interpretive program, and a display. The method comprises capturing an image of a person's eyes, verifying the image, studying the image, evaluating the image, and displaying the results. Conveniently, the article and method require no special training by an operator.