Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring the optical properties of an eye, comprising an optical signal generator and optical guide means leading from the optical signal generator in the direction of the eye to be examined, wherein the optical signal generator is adapted to project an image through an optical path comprising the optical guide means and onto a reflective structure in the eye to be examined, wherein the device is adapted to couple the optical guide means of the device to optical guide means of an optical medical instrument so that the optical path extends through the optical guide means of the optical medical instrument. Such an optical medical instrument can be formed by an operating microscope, a so-called split lamp or by a fundus camera.

Abstract: A spectral filter is adapted for use in a receiver, for example in a short range submarine laser signal path, wherein the relative orientations of the receiver is such that the signal may appear diffusely or at an unknown point in a wide external field of view around an optical axis of the receiver. A narrow band spectral filter in the receiver has cascaded stages of tunable retarders with includes multi-conjugate stages that tolerate light that is oblique to normal, up to a diverging internal field of view angle up to about 10°. A fisheye lens assembly refracts incoming light from a wider external field of 170° or more and directs the light into the filter over the narrow internal field of view.

Abstract: An embodiment for a pixel for a display device on a substrate is disclosed. The pixel includes a first interferometric modulator on the substrate. The first interferometric modulator has a first normal direction substantially perpendicular to the first interferometric modulator and a first angularly-dependent reflectivity function comprising a first reflectivity in a first direction and a second reflectivity in a second direction, with the first reflectivity being greater than the second reflectivity. The pixel also includes a second interferometric modulator on the substrate. The second interferometric modulator has a second normal direction substantially perpendicular to the second interferometric modulator and a second angularly-dependent reflectivity function comprising a third reflectivity in the second direction and a fourth reflectivity in the first direction, with the third reflectivity being greater than the fourth reflectivity.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element including: a substrate; at least one at least partially ordered orientation facility connected to at least a portion of the substrate; and an at least partial coating connected to at least a portion of the at least partially ordered orientation facility. The at least partial coating includes at least one at least partially ordered anisotropic material. At least one photochromic-dichroic compound is at least partially aligned with at least a portion of the at least partially ordered anisotropic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for trapping or stretching a microscopic substance comprising (a) a light source; (b) an acousto-optic modulator (AOM); (c)a beam-expander; (d) an object lens; and (e) an incoherent light source. The present invention further provides a method for trapping or stretching a microscopic substance comprising (a) providing a focused laser beam to form a focal spot and (b) scanning a plurality of points on said microscopic substance by said focal spot by way of the AOM.

Abstract: A laminate comprising a solid electro-optic medium and an electrically conductive layer is tested by passing it over a pair of electrodes at different potentials, with the electrically conductive layer lying on the opposed side of the electro-optic medium from the electrodes. An article which can be tested by this method, and which is useful in the manufacture of electro-optic displays, comprises a layer of a solid electro-optic medium and a release sheet comprising an electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: An optical deflector made of an electro-optic material has one or more pairs of electrodes on opposite surfaces. Each pair of electrodes defines an interaction region in which an electric field applied from the electrodes produces a linear refractive-index gradient in the direction of the electric field. An incident light beam is refracted in this direction within the interaction region. The interaction region is shaped so that the light beam is also refracted in an orthogonal direction when it enters or leaves the interaction region. The light beam is thereby deflected three-dimensionally.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an electro-optical panel including an electrophoretic layer having an electrophoretic dispersion containing electrophoretic particles dispersed in a liquid-phase disperse medium, wherein the electro-optical panel is enclosed with a single protective film folded, and a first portion of the protective film is bonded to a second portion of the protective film at a first bonding portion.

Abstract: An image projector comprises a plurality of flexible reflective analog modulators (FRAMs), an illumination optics for focusing at least one light source thereon, a conversion optics for converting the variations in divergence of the beams reflected therefrom into variations in intensity, and a scanning mechanism coupled to a projection optics for displaying an image, constructed of intensity modulated light dots or pixels, on a screen. FRAM curvatures, responsible for determining the divergence of the reflected beams, and ultimately the intensity of each pixel, are varied by an actuation voltage that can be modulated using waveforms that minimize the FRAM response times. For multicolor images, three laser light sources operating at different wavelengths are used in conjunction with three linear FRAM arrays.

Abstract: A switchable apochromatic polarization rotator is provided. A first fixed waveplate has a first principal axis fixed in a first orientation. A second fixed waveplate has a second principal axis fixed in a second orientation. First and second switchable waveplates have principal axes oriented such that broad spectral range electromagnetic radiation transmitted through all of the waveplates has a first rotated polarization, wherein, in response to one or more control signals applied to the switchable waveplates, the principal axes of the switchable waveplates rotate such that the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through all of the waveplates has a second rotated polarization. The switchable waveplates utilize ferroelectric liquid crystal material, nematic liquid crystal material, or be mechanically rotated to adjust for orientation of their principal axes. Utilizing waveplates as described may be used to tune for a desired spectral range and/or compensate for temperature dependencies.

Abstract: An interference modulator (Imod) incorporates anti-reflection coatings and/or micro-fabricated supplemental lighting sources. An efficient drive scheme is provided for matrix addressed arrays of IMods or other micromechanical devices. An improved color scheme provides greater flexibility. Electronic hardware can be field reconfigured to accommodate different display formats and/or application functions. An IMod's electromechanical behavior can be decoupled from its optical behavior. An improved actuation means is provided, some one of which may be hidden from view. An IMod or IMod array is fabricated and used in conjunction with a MEMS switch or switch array. An IMod can be used for optical switching and modulation. Some IMods incorporate 2-D and 3-D photonic structures. A variety of applications for the modulation of light are discussed. A MEMS manufacturing and packaging approach is provided based on a continuous web fed process.

Abstract: A system for performing quasi-elastic light scattering and fluorescent ligand scanning on a subject's eye includes a light source configured to transmit light toward the subject's eye, a lens configured to focus light sent from the source and scattered by the subject's eye, a measurement reflector disposed to receive at least a portion of the focused light and configured to reflect a first portion of the received light, a camera configured and disposed to receive the first portion of the received light and configured to provide indicia of an image corresponding to the first portion of the received light, and a processor coupled to the camera and configured to analyze intensities of light in the image to determine a location of a reference point corresponding to an interface of a portion of the eye.

Abstract: An active-matrix circuit board includes a substrate including an avoided portion in a predetermined region thereof, one or more first pixel electrodes disposed around the avoided portion on the substrate, second pixel electrodes disposed on the substrate, pixel-driving circuits disposed on the substrate to drive the first and second pixel electrodes, wiring lines disposed on the substrate and connected to the pixel-driving circuits, and bypass line portions provided in the wiring lines so as to bypass the avoided portion. The first pixel electrodes are larger than the second pixel electrodes and have such a shape as to extend toward the avoided portion. The bypass line portions are disposed under the first pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A device for the optical splitting and modulation of monochromatic coherent electromagnetic radiation, in particular light beams and/or laser beams, contains a beam source, an acousto-optical element disposed downstream of the latter and serving for splitting the beam generated by means of the beam source into a number of partial beams, a modulator and also a signal generator for applying to the acousto-optical element an electrical signal for splitting the beam. The device is intended to be developed to the effect that in conjunction with a simple and functionally reliable construction and independently of the number of beams emitted by the beam source, the intensity of the individual split partial beams can be kept constant.

Abstract: A method of laser drawing includes steps of causing laser light from a light source to be incident to an acousto-optical diffraction element, and deflecting the light incident to the element by changing a frequency of a high frequency signal to be inputted to the element to diffract the light, thereby changing a diffraction angle of the diffracted light, and condensing the diffracted light emerging from the element on an object to be processed as an optical spot, thereby scanning the object with the optical spot. A diffracted light intensity control table for controlling a light intensity of the diffracted light so as to be constant independent of the diffraction angle of the diffracted light is prepared in advance, and in the deflecting step, the light intensity of the diffracted light is controlled based on the diffracted light intensity control table.

Abstract: The projector has an intensity-modulable light source to emit a light beam onto a projection surface, as well as an optical switch connected after the light source for intensity modulation of the light beam emitted by the light source, and a control unit to control intensity modulation of the light source and the optical switch.

Abstract: A reflective element assembly for an interior rearview mirror of a vehicle includes front and rear substrates with a perimeter seal that spaces said front substrate from said rear substrate and establishes an interpane cavity therebetween for an electro-optic medium. The front substrate has a first connecting tab that extends outboard from a perimeter edge of the rear substrate and the rear substrate has a second connecting tab that extends outboard from a perimeter edge of the front substrate. The first and second connecting tabs may extend partially along the same perimeter edge region of the reflective element assembly or along adjacent perimeter edge regions of the reflective element assembly. The first and second connecting tab facilitate electrical connection to the transparent conductive coating of the second surface of the front substrate and the conductive coating of the third surface of the rear substrate, respectively.

Abstract: The apparatus claimed by the invention uses as the display medium colors in the form of colored fluids which are transported by means of transport in a system of compartments within a fluidic chain, whereby they are visible from the direction of an observer only through a single one these compartments (image compartment). Depending on the position of the individual colored fluids, a different color impression is received by the observer. The invention thereby teaches the presence of a fluidic chain in a subpixel and the combination of a plurality of these subpixels in a pixel. The display claimed by the invention consists of a plurality of pixels. With the use of eight colors in connection with an optically created color mixing effect, a color space can be displayed which is sufficient at least for the display of the information typically used on advertising signs.

Abstract: It is becoming increasingly imperative to harness solar energy due to the ever growing shortage of conventional energy sources. The instant invention is concerned with method and apparatus for the stable alignment of mirrors inside transparent micro balls with the plane of the mirror perpendicular to the aligning electric field for solar energy concentration and related applications such as optical switches, etc. Coupling of an applied perpendicular electric field with the induced dipole in a mirrored ball results in an unstable orientation. The instant invention circumvents this problem so that a stable orientation is accomplished, resulting in an increase in the percentage of incident light that is reflected to the receiver. Broadly, this invention deals with novel concepts used for alignment in the focusing of light wherever mirrors are used for focusing such as for solar propulsion assist, illumination and projection of light, optical switching, etc.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display sheet includes: a substrate; at least one kind of electrophoretic particles; an electrophoretic dispersion liquid containing the at least one kind of electrophoretic particles; a microcapsule having a shell for enclosing the electrophoretic dispersion liquid therein; a microcapsule-containing layer provided on a surface side of the substrate to contain the microcapsule; and a binder having a function of retaining the microcapsule and having viscosity under room temperature, the microcapsule-containing layer including the microcapsule and the binder; and the electrophoretic particles being contained in the electrophoretic dispersion liquid in a ratio of 30% to 60% wt. with respect to a weight of the electrophoretic dispersion liquid.