Abstract: In various embodiments of the invention, an interferometric display device is provided having an external film with a plurality of structures that redirect light from an inactive area of the display to an active area of the display. Light incident on the external film that would normally continue towards an inactive area of the display is either reflected, refracted, or scattered towards an active area of the display comprising moveable and static reflective surfaces that form an optical cavity.

Abstract: An electronic display includes an electronic display material having two opposing outer surfaces, wherein at least one of the outer surfaces is at least partially covered in a plurality of spaced-apart charge-retaining islands comprised of a conductive material with areas of insulating material interposed therebetween. A charge transfer device is arranged in operative association with the display material, and includes a first component made of a pliable, nonconductive material and at least one conductive portion, and a second component configured to support the first component. Alternatively, a charge transfer device is configured to transfer an electric charge to charge-retaining islands of an electric display, where the charge-retaining islands are on a surface of the electric display and are spaced apart with areas of insulating material interspersed therebetween.

Abstract: A mirror driver is disclosed which includes: a mirror having a reflective surface reflecting incident light thereon; a pair of mechanical beams diametrically opposed to each other with the mirror inbetween as viewed along a reference line parallel to the reflective surface; an actuator imparting bending motions to the pair of beams, respectively; and a pair of joints integrally coupling the pair of beams and the mirror to each other, with less rigidity to resist deformation than rigidity of the pair of beams and the mirror, for allowing conversion of the bending motions of the pair of beams into a rigid-body motion of the mirror without inducing an angular oscillation about the reference line.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display (EPD) module includes an EPD laminate, conductive portions made of ITO layers which are located at both ends of the EPD laminate, a casing that encloses the EPD laminate, and retentive portions that are provided in the casing and retain the EPD laminate, in which the retentive portions contact and retain at least a part of the conductive portions to position the EPD laminate with respect to the casing.

Abstract: Set forth is a display device, including an electrophoretic display portion and a domain controlled liquid crystal portion, wherein the display device has a structure wherein either the electrophoretic display portion is arranged over the domain controlled liquid crystal portion or the domain controlled liquid crystal portion is arranged over the electrophoretic display portion. The display device is reimageable and can efficiently display full color images. Methods of reimageably displaying images with the display device are also included.

Abstract: An optical pulse-shaper includes a prism, a delay line having positive optical power and a reflective spatial light modulator. In one arrangement the delay line has a selectively variable optical path length for accommodating pulses of different spectral bandwidth and positive optical power is provided by a concave mirror. In another arrangement, the delay line includes a zoom-mirror arranged to provide selectively variable optical power for accommodating pulses of different spectral bandwidth.

Abstract: A subjective optometric apparatus includes: a target-presenting device; an optical element-arranging device configured to set optical elements between the target-presenting device and eyes to be examined; and a controller configured to control the target-presenting device and the optical element-arranging device.

Abstract: A high contrast spatial light modulator for display and printing is fabricated by coupling a high active reflection area fill-ratio and non-diffractive micro mirror array with a high electrostatic efficiency and low surface adhesion control substrate.

Abstract: A polarization controlling apparatus includes a permanent magnet itself or a permanent magnet to which a part capable of being magnetized is applied, an electromagnet capable of changing the magnitude of a magnetic field to be generated thereby, and a Faraday rotation effect element. The Faraday rotation effect element is disposed at a position at which an interaction magnetic field acts on the Faraday rotation effect element. The interaction magnetic field is produced by an interaction between a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet and a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet. The Faraday rotation effect element thereby produces a Faraday rotation effect on inputted light. The magnitude of the interaction magnetic field in the Faraday rotation effect element is varied by a magnetic field component generated by the electromagnet to vary the amount of the Faraday rotation effect to be had on the inputted light.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator may include a plurality of deflectable modulating elements. Each of the deflectable modulating elements may further include a support structure, an electrostatically deflectable mirror element and at least one electrode. The mirror element may be set to a deflection state by charging and selectively discharging a capacitor coupled to the at least one electrode.

Abstract: Technology is provided, capable of easily acquiring high precision tomographic images of the desired observation site of the fundus oculi. A fundus observation device 1 is provided, comprising: an interferometer that generates interference light LC from a reference light LR via a reference mirror 174 and a signal light LS that reaches the fundus oculi Ef after low-coherence light L0 is split into that signal light LS and reference light LR; a CCD 184 that detects interference light LC; an image forming part 220 that forms image data G of a tomographic image based on detection results of the CCD 184; a display part 240A; an operation part 240B for specifying an observation mode (observation site); and a reference mirror drive mechanism 243. The image data G of a tomographic image includes image data of a normal image G (Re) and an inverse image G (Im).

Abstract: A switchable apochromatic polarization rotator is provided. A first fixed waveplate has a first principal axis fixed in a first orientation. A second fixed waveplate has a second principal axis fixed in a second orientation. First and second switchable waveplates have principal axes oriented such that broad spectral range electromagnetic radiation transmitted through all of the waveplates has a first rotated polarization, wherein, in response to one or more control signals applied to the switchable waveplates, the principal axes of the switchable waveplates rotate such that the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through all of the waveplates has a second rotated polarization. The switchable waveplates utilize ferroelectric liquid crystal material, nematic liquid crystal material, or be mechanically rotated to adjust for orientation of their principal axes. Utilizing waveplates as described may be used to tune for a desired spectral range and/or compensate for temperature dependencies.

Abstract: Tools and techniques for vision testing alter refractive characteristics of rendered digital imagery and use feedback from a test subject to calculate information about errors in the subject's vision. Some embodiments produce a rendered digital image with vision-realistic rendering, present the test subject with the rendered digital image, accept input from the test subject and change the refractive sharpness of the rendered digital image in response to the input. Then they calculate refractive errors or other information about the test subject's vision based at least on: input from the test subject leading to a refractive sharpness change made during the changing step, and a refraction model which relates visual acuity to changes in the refractive sharpness of rendered digital imagery.

Abstract: Displays with integrated photovoltaic cells, as well as related systems, components, and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising cells which are filled with charged particles dispersed in a solvent and are individually sealed with a polymeric sealing layer.

Abstract: An optical deflection device for a display application. The optical deflection device includes a semiconductor substrate including an upper surface region and one or more electrode devices provided overlying the upper surface region. The optical deflection device also includes a hinge device including a silicon material and coupled to the upper surface region. The optical deflection device further includes a spacing defined between the upper surface region and the hinge device and a mirror structure including a post portion coupled to the hinge device and a mirror plate portion coupled to the post portion and overlying the hinge device.

Abstract: A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate can contain electronic circuitry for controlling the array of interferometric modulators. The backplate can provide physical support for device components, such as electronic components which can be used to control the state of the display. The backplate can also be utilized as a primary structural support for the device.

Abstract: Micromirror devices, especially for use in digital projection are disclosed. Other applications are contemplated as well. The devices employ a superstructure that includes a mirror supported over a hinge set above a substructure. Various improvements to the superstructure over known micromirror devices are provided. The features described are applicable to improve manufacturability, enable further miniaturization of the elements and/or to increase relative light return. Devices can be produced utilizing the various optional features described herein, possibly offering cost savings, lower power consumption, and higher resolution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic device including at least one display region and at least one non-display region, which are separated from each other, the electrochromic device including a first substrate, a first electrode, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, optionally an ion storage layer, a second electrode, and a second substrate, which are sequentially formed, wherein the ion storage layer and/or the second electrode are patterned so as to prevent the ion storage layer and/or the second electrode from existing in part or all of said at least one display region; and a display device including the electrochromic device. In the electrochromic device, only the second substrate and electrolyte layer are located between the observer and the electrochromic layer, so that it is possible to prevent a contrast ratio from being degraded due to the ion storage layer and/or second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are capacitive micromechanical resonators optimized for high Q, low motional impedance, and large tuning range. Exemplary resonators were fabricated using a HARPSS-on-SOI process, and demonstrated quality factors up to 119000 in vacuum. For resonators operating between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, the lowest extracted impedance is 218 k? and the largest electrostatic tuning coefficient is ?240 ppm/V2. The disclosed designs are applicable up to at least 200 MHz operation. An oscillator interface circuit comprising of a trans-impedance amplifier and an automatic bias generator providing a temperature-compensating bias voltage is also disclosed. Experiments show temperature drift reduction from 2800 ppm to 39 ppm over a 100° C. range. Process compensation (DFM) of micromechanical resonators, resonators having mass loading elements that allow generation of closely spaced frequencies, and coupled systems comprising of the resonators are also described.

Abstract: A biological implantable pressure sensor element comprises a fixed volume pouch formed by a sealed, flexible, impermeable membrane comprising therewithin a gel mass contained in a gel volume, said gel being hydrated with an aqueous solution comprising an agent having at least a first and a second NMR-detectable form, the proportion of the first to the second form of the agent in the gel volume being determined by their electrolytic interaction with the gel, whereby when an external pressure is applied to the sensor element a d (chemical shift)/d(.sigma./K) greater than 0.0001 ppm is attained, wherein .sigma. is the external pressure and K is the modulus of the gel. A kit contains sterile, individually wrapped sensor elements.