Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of controlling the microstructure and service properties of electrically conductive transparent and other materials by passing an electrical current through the materials while simultaneously employing an additional process. Examples of the additional process include heating, sintering, deposition, casting, electrical arcing, and immersion in liquids. In one embodiment of the present invention, the additional process is deposition of a transparent conductive coating material while passing a current through the deposited coating along the surface of the coated material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing golf club is to design the contour of a club head and a club shaft. Sheet metal forming for divided golf club head are formed by stretching the Titanium Alloy plate within the forming dies, then processed with stress relief. Assembly welding are processed in a vacuum chamber where inner-gas, argon, is filled therein to avoid any inpurity may occur on the product during manufacture. Temperatures for stress relief, solid solution and aging are controlled in various degree depending upon each different procedures in order to form a best quality in vacuum furnace where vacuum gauge is best under ten to the negative fourth power of TORR.

Abstract: A method of a hardening a solid metal object consisting essentially of lead which has been swaged cold wrought, such as a bullet, and a hardened swaged wrought bullet are disclosed in which the bullet is formed from a lead or lead alloy blank by swaging the blank under high pressure in a forming die, heating the formed wrought bullet to a temperature near but less than the slump temperature of the metal, and then quenching the heated swaged wrought bullet in a liquid to rapidly reduce its temperature. The swaged wrought bullet as thus formed is seamless and has a hardness which exceeds at least 15 Brinell.

Abstract: A titanium matrix composite having eutectically formed titanium alloy reinforcement containing at least two of the elements of silicon, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, carbon, iron, boron, cobalt, nickel, germanium and copper.

Abstract: An article comprises a Cr-bearing, predominantly gamma titanium aluminide matrix including second phase dispersoids, such as TiB.sub.2, in an amount effective to increase both the strength and the ductility of the matrix.

Abstract: A typical source of cadmium and tellurium is as a by-product of copper mining. Although attempts are made to remove impurities such as copper prior to commercially supplying them for forming material like cadmium telluride, cadmium zinc telluride and cadmium telluride selenide for use as a substrate to support electronic circuitry, processing during formation of the circuitry causes the impurities from the substrate to segregate into the circuitry, resulting in unacceptable electrical performance of the circuitry. A method for purifying the substrate prior to circuitry formation includes forming a sacrificial layer of mercury telluride or mercury cadmium telluride on the substrate, annealing the combination at elevated temperature with an overpressure of mercury and removing the sacrificial layer along with a contiguous portion of the substrate, if desired. The sacrificial layer may be formed by vapor phase type processes or even by liquid phase epitaxy.

Abstract: Anti-microbial coatings and powders and method of forming same on medical devices are provided. The coatings are formed by depositing an anti-microbial biocompatible metal by vapour deposition techniques to produce atomic disorder in the coating such that a sustained release of metal ions sufficient to produce an anti-microbial effect is achieved. Preferred deposition conditions to achieve atomic disorder include a lower than normal substrate temperature, and one or more of a higher than normal working gas pressure and a lower than normal angle of incidence of coating flux. Anti-microbial powders formed by mechanical working to produce atomic disorder are also provided. The anti-microbial effect of the coatings or powders may be further activated or enhanced by irradiating with a low linear energy transfer form of radiation such as gamma radiation.

Abstract: A Ti--Al system intermetallic compound comprised of 25 at. % to 75 at. % of aluminum and the remainder of titanium. The compound includes 0.004 at. % to 1.0 at. % each of at least one halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Alternatively, to provide a Ti--Al system intermetallic compound with oxidation resistance, the surface of the Ti--Al system intermetallic compound is heated to 800.degree. C. to 1125.degree. C. in a mixture of gas including 2 ppm to 1% by volume of at least one halogen element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and also including 0.1% by volume or more of oxygen. Thus, a dense aluminum oxide film is formed on the surface of the intermetallic compound. Alternatively, to form the dense aluminum oxide film, at least one halogen element is first disposed on the part providing the oxidation resistance of the intermetallic compound, and heated for 0.2 hour or longer at 800.degree. C. to 1125.degree.

Abstract: A method for heat treatment of nonferrous metals and alloys is described which comprises the steps of providing a billet of material comprising nonferrous metal or alloy; rapidly heating the billet to a temperature higher than the transus or solvus temperature of the material whereby a microstructure of uniform single phase grains is formed in a surface layer of preselected depth or other selected region in the billet with the starting microstructure of the material central of the billet; and cooling the billet to room temperature to preserve in the billet surface the high temperature single phase microstructure or a transformation product thereof.

Abstract: The microstructure of alpha-2 and orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy cast and ingot metallurgy articles is refined by: (a) hydrogenating the article at a temperature at or slightly below the .beta.-transus temperature of the alloy; (b) cooling the article, under a positive partial pressure of hydrogen, to a temperature about 20 to 40 percent below the .beta.-transus; and (c) dehydrogenating the article.

Abstract: A slide surface construction is formed of an aggregate of Fe crystals having a body-centered cubic structure. The aggregate includes {222} oriented Fe crystals with their {222} planes by Miller indices oriented toward a slide surface. The content S of the {222} oriented Fe crystals is in a range represented by S.gtoreq.20%, preferably in a range represented by S.gtoreq.40%. The {222} oriented Fe crystals form a trigonal pyramid shape on the slide surface, which provides good oil retention for the slide surface construction. Thus, the slide surface construction exhibits an excellent seizure resistance.

Abstract: In order to develop a method for producing at least approximately ball-shaped metallic particles at least almost equal in diameter such that a greater yield of particles at least almost equal in diameter is achieved than in known methods, it is suggested that a continuous stream of liquid metal is acted on locally by compressional vibrations that thereby cross-sectional constrictions are formed in the stream at a distance from each other in longitudinal direction of the stream which lead to the dissection of the stream and that the segments of the dissected stream adopting a ball shape due to the surface tension of the liquid metal are cooled to solidify the liquid metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ion nitriding of pure titanium or titanium-containing alloys at low pressure by intensifying the glow discharge. Plasma intensification was produced by thermionic emission in conjunction with a triode glow discharge system. Effective ion nitriding can be achieved by employing the present invention at relatively low temperatures (480.degree. C.) and with significantly enhanced compound layer growth kinetics compared to the conventional nitriding techniques. Processed Ti and Ti-6Al-4V developed a surface layer of TiN followed by a Ti.sub.2 N layer and an interstitial nitrogen diffusion zone. Processed specimens showed a three fold increase in surface hardness. Surface roughness was found to be a function of the degree of plasma intensification. Processing of Ti-6Al-4V resulted in a higher wear, corrosion and wear-corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method of embrittling cleaned steel particles is described, followed by a grinding and sorting operation. Depending on the initial carbon content of the steel scrap, a reducing and carbon-containing atmosphere may be provided to carburize the particles as they are being embrittled. A quenching operation is provided at the end of the process to embrittle the particles and before the particles are ground. The ground grit which is produced may then be sorted by size and used as an abrasive compound, or, alternatively may be further ground and annealed in a subsequent operation to provide suitable powder for forming sintered parts. Prior to annealing the grit may be further ground in a partial oxidizing atmosphere to preoxidize the powder, in order to provide oxygen directly within the powder to react with any residual carbon so that the carbon monoxide gas can be formed and the powder can be substantially free of both carbon and oxides when the reaction is complete.

Abstract: Strength anisotropy of aluminum-lithium alloy wrought products is reduced by subjecting these types of alloys to improved T8 temper practice. The wrought product, after solution heat treating and quenching, is subjected to a combination of cold rolling and stretching steps prior to aging. The cold rolling can range between 1 and 20% reduction with the stretching step ranging between 0.5-10%. The cold rolling step may be performed in one or a multiple of passes. When multiple passes are used, the cold rolling may be done in different directions to further enhance reductions in strength anisotropy for these types of alloys. An aluminum-lithium alloy wrought product subjected to the improved T8 temper practice has an increased minimum tensile yield stress throughout its thickness and in various directions to facilitate commercial application of the product in high strength applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a controlled coefficient of thermal expansion alloy having in weight percent about 26-50% cobalt, about 20-40% nickel, about 20-35% iron, about 4-10% aluminum, about 0.5-5% niobium plus 1/2 of tantalum weight percent and about 1.5-10% chromium. Additionally the alloy may contain about 0-1% titanium, about 0-0.2% carbon, about 0-1% copper, about 0-2% manganese, about 0-2% silicon, about 0-8% molybdenum, about 0-8% tungsten, about 0-0.3% boron, about 0-2% rhenium, about 0-2% hafnium, about 0-0.3% zirconium, about 0-0.5% nitrogen, about 0-1% yttrium, about 0-1% lanthanum, about 0-1% total rare earths other than lanthanum, about 0-1% cerium, about 0-1% magnesium, about 0-1% calcium, about 0-4% oxidic dispersoid and incidental impurities. The alloy may be further optimized with respect to crack growth resistance by annealing at temperature below about 1010.degree. C. or temperatures between 1066.degree. C. or 1110.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for tailoring or patterning the surface of ceramic articles is provided by implanting ions to predetermined depth into the ceramic material at a selected surface location with the ions being implanted at a fluence and energy adequate to damage the lattice structure of the ceramic material for bi-axially straining near-surface regions of the ceramic material to the predetermined depth. The resulting metastable near-surface regions of the ceramic material are then contacted with energy pulses from collapsing, ultrasonically-generated cavitation bubbles in a liquid medium for removing to a selected depth the ion-damaged near-surface regions containing the bi-axially strained lattice structure from the ceramic body.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant Ti based alloy comprising:Cr: 0.005-2.0 wt %, and further comprising one or more of elements selected from:Ni: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Pd: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Ru: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Pt: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Os: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Ir: 0.005-2.0 wt %, Rh: 0.005-2.0 wt %, andthe balance of Ti and inevitable impurities.Cr may be replaced with one or more of 0.005-1.5 wt % of Cu and 0.005-1.5 wt % of Si, or 0.005-2.0 wt % of Al. The corrosion resistant Ti based alloy has excellent corrosion resistance also in a non-oxidative atmosphere and also has an excellent crevice corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An article comprises a Cr-bearing, predominantly gamma titanium aluminide matrix including second phase dispersoids, such as TiB.sub.2, in an amount effective to increase both the strength and the ductility of the matrix.

Abstract: A TiAl-based intermetallic compound has a metallographic structure which includes a region A having fine .beta.-phases dispersed in a .gamma.-phase. The volume fraction Vf of the .beta.-phases in the region A is set equal to or more than 0.1% (Vf.gtoreq.0.1%). Thus, the .beta.-phases can exhibit a pinning effect to prevent a transgranular pseudo cleavage fracture in the .gamma.-phase, thereby providing an enhanced high-temperature strength of the TiAl-based intermetallic compound.